河北省昌黎近岸海域浮游植物群落结构（英文）

于2015年春季(5月)和夏季(8月)对河北省昌黎近岸海域浮游植物群落结构的时空分布及其与环境因子的关系进行了分析。在研究区域选择十九个采样点(39°26′30"-39°39′N,119°17′30"-119°34′03")。调查结果表明,春季共获得27种浮游植物,夏季63种。春季优势种包括具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)和夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)。夏季浮游植物优势种为中华盒形藻(Biddulphia sinensis)、窄隙角毛藻(Chaetoceros affinis)、洛氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus)、暹罗角毛藻(Chaetocera siamense)、角毛藻属(Chaetoceras sp.)、浮动弯角藻(Eucampia zodiacus)、丹麦细柱藻(Leptocylindrus danicus)、尖刺伪菱形藻(Nitzschia pungens)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)。结果表明,春季浮游植物的总丰度为0.99×10~4 cells/m~3-43.08×10~4 cells/m~3,平均丰度为12.68×10~4 cells/m~3;夏季浮游植物的总丰度为7.83×10~4 cells/m~3-2418.97×10~4 cells/m~3,平均丰度为241.30×10~4 cells/m~3。春季和夏季的多样性指数(H')的平均值分别为0.99和3.25。冗余分析(RDA)表明,氨氮(NH_4~+-N)和硝酸盐氮(NO_3~--N)是影响浮游植物分布的重要环境因素。     

2014年夏季南海北部浮游植物群落结构

2014年8月20日-9月6日对南海北部(18°~22°N,114°~116°E)的11个站位进行了浮游植物群落结构的调查,其中2个站位为时间连续站。共鉴定出浮游植物4门68属229种(包括变种、变型及未定种),其中硅藻门43属147种,甲藻门20属75种。浮游植物平均细胞丰度为16.318×103 cells/L,硅藻的平均细胞丰度为14.653×103 cells/L,占总丰度的89.80%,硅藻的分布决定了浮游植物的分布。近岸冲淡水含有丰富的营养盐,因此近岸海域的细胞丰度高于大洋海域,垂直分布表现出先增加后降低的趋势。本次调查的优势种为铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、拟脆杆藻(Fragilariopsis sp.)、短孢角毛藻(Chaetoceros brevis)、菱形海线藻(Thalassionema nitzschioides)、柔弱伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima)、尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、扁面角毛藻(Chaetoceros compressus)、洛氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros lorenzianus)以及海洋角毛藻(Chaetoceros pelagicus),各优势种的分布趋势相似,呈现出近岸高于外海的趋势。Shannon-Weiner多样性指数与Pielou均匀度指数的平均值分别为2.37和0.56。浮游植物昼夜垂直变化明显。典范对应分析结果显示浮游植物空间分布主要受总氮盐、硅酸盐、微型浮游动物与盐度的影响。根据细胞丰度进行的站位的聚类分析显示浮游植物群落明显可划分为近岸群聚与大洋群聚。     

2010年夏南极半岛邻近海域的浮游植物群落

基于2010-01-02农业部首次南极磷虾探捕所获的浮游植物网采样品,分析了2010年夏季南极半岛以北南大洋海域的浮游植物群落.鉴定浮游植物27属49种,硅藻是主要的浮游植物类群.总细胞丰度变化在387～1.04×107个/m3,平均9.51×105个/m3,在南奥克尼群岛以北的海域出现高值分布.优势种为南极海毛藻(Thalassiothrix antarctica)、裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)、角毛藻(Chaetoceros sp.)、细条伪菱形藻(Pseudonitzschia lineola)、克格伦拟脆杆藻(Fragilariopsis kerguelensis)、蛇形角毛藻(Chaetoceros criophilus)、无刺环毛藻(Corethron inerme)和短拟脆杆藻(Fragilariopsis curta).生态类型多为南大洋特有种.南设得兰群岛以西海域,浮游植物群落的多样性程度较高.温度与积分叶绿素a、总细胞丰度皆呈极显著正相关性(p＜0.01),是影响调查区浮游植物分布的重要环境因子.     

石狮东部近岸海域浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系

根据2018年春、秋两季在石狮东部近岸海域进行调查所获得的数据,研究了该海域浮游植物的群落结构,并对浮游植物群落与环境因子的关系进行了相关性分析。通过春、秋两季的调查,经初步鉴定,共145种浮游植物,隶属于3门51属,种类以硅藻为主,其中硅藻122种,甲藻21种,蓝藻2种。在春季的调查中,优势种有奇异棍形藻(Bacillaria paradoxa)、密连角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus)等7种,秋季的优势种有中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、琼氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus jonesianus)等5种。浮游植物细胞密度在1.81×10~4～410.65×10~4cells/m~3之间,春季明显高于秋季。春季多样性指数(H')平均值为3.24,秋季为3.31。相关性分析结果表明,影响石狮东部近岸海域浮游植物群落的主要环境因子有水温、盐度、无机氮含量和活性磷酸盐含量。     

大连獐子岛赤潮监控区浮游植物群落

研究了大连獐子岛赤潮监控区海域6个测站的浮游植物种类组成、数量分布和群落结构。2011年5~10月浮游植物数量变化范围为7.30×10~4~685×10~4个/m~3,浮游植物数量高峰出现在10月下旬,最低值出现在7月下旬,变化趋势为秋季夏季春季。共检出浮游植物3门40属74种,其中硅藻门30属54种,甲藻门9属19种,着色鞭毛藻门1属1种。主要优势种有旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)、柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis)、梭角藻(Ceratium fusus),窄隙角毛藻(Chaetoceros affinis)和尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens),均为赤潮生物种。浮游植物群落多样性指数范围为1.958~3.100,平均为2.467;均匀度指数范围0.338~0.632,平均为0.522,群落结构较稳定。浮游植物生长主要受磷酸盐限制。     

2014年秋季渤海网采浮游植物群落结构

基于2014年秋季在渤海进行的水文、化学和生物方面的综合大面调查,研究了渤海网采浮游植物群落的结构特征,并结合文献资料,分析影响浮游植物群落结构形成的原因。结果显示:2014年渤海秋季共鉴定浮游植物3个门42属96种,其中以硅藻为主,为34属79种,占总物种的82%;甲藻门7属16种,占总物种的17%;金藻门1属1种。其中,角毛藻属的种类最多,共17种;其次为圆筛藻属,共13种。浮游植物总细胞丰度介于(0.71～72.15)×10⁴ cells/m³,平均为13.88×10⁴ cells/m³,硅藻与甲藻细胞丰度比值为2∶1,硅藻在莱州湾的细胞丰度极显著高于其他海区,甲藻在渤海中部海区的细胞丰度显著高于其他海区。浮游植物优势种主要为星脐圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus asteromphalus)、威氏圆筛藻(C. wailesii)、具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、梭状角藻(Ceratium fusus)和夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)。渤海秋季浮游植物群落多...     

热带西太平洋Y3和M2海山区网采浮游植物群落结构特征

研究了热带西太平洋雅浦Y3海山冬季和马里亚纳M2海山春季网采浮游植物群落结构,对调查区浮游植物的物种组成、优势种类、细胞丰度以及多样性指数进行了分析。结果表明,两个海山区共鉴定浮游植物4门50属219种,其中硅藻门30属106种,甲藻门17属112种,蓝藻门1属2种,金藻门2属3种。两个航次研究区浮游植物优势种均以链状硅藻如根管藻(Rhizosolenia)、半管藻(Hemiaulus)和角毛藻(Chaetoceros)等属的种类为主,此外太阳漂流藻(Planktoniella sol)、铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii)以及部分角藻(Ceratium)物种优势度也比较明显。Y3海山区浮游植物细胞丰度介于1.60～16.61 cells/L,平均值为5.02 cells/L; M2海山区浮游植物细胞丰度介于1.36～10.20 cells/L,平均值为4.12cells/L。两个海山区浮游植物细胞丰度的分布趋势均受硅藻影响较大,甲藻细胞丰度相对较低。在属的水平上,角毛藻、根管藻、角藻和半管藻等属的细胞丰度对两个海山区浮游植物总细胞丰度的贡献较大。多样性指数方面, Y3海山区浮游植物群落香农-威纳指数H′(shannon-wiener index)介于3.95～4.69,平均值为4.30; M2海山区浮游植物群落香农-威纳指数介于3.23～4.46,平均值为3.83。两个海山区浮游植物群落多样性指数均处于较高水平,但站位间的变化不明显。目前,关于热带西太平洋海山区浮游植物群落结构的研究还非常缺乏,亟需后续研究的补充。     

曹妃甸近岸海域网采浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的相关性研究

为了研究浮游植物群落结构特征及与环境因子的相关性,于2014年6月和9月在曹妃甸海域布设了14个调查站位,对该海域浮游植物的群落组成、细胞丰度及群落多样性等基本特征进行了分析,并采用多维尺度分析方法对曹妃甸浮游植物群落结构做区域划分,通过冗余分析(RDA)研究了环境因子对浮游植物群落结构的影响。研究结果表明:曹妃甸海域6月和9月共鉴定出浮游植物3门28属62种,硅藻为主,生态类型以温带近岸广温广盐性种为主。6月浮游植物细胞丰度平均值为111. 31×10~4cells/m~3,主要优势种为中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)和柔弱角毛藻(Chaetoceros debilis); 9月浮游植物细胞丰度平均值为163. 01×10~4cells/m~3,主要优势种为中肋骨条藻和细弱圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus subtilis)。站位聚类分析和多维尺度分析表明,曹妃甸浮游植物种类地区划分主要分为3个区域,分别为填海东侧和西侧海域、曹妃甸填海区附近海域以及曹妃甸中部远离填海区域,且6月和9月浮游植物群落组成差异不显著(R=-0. 997,p=0. 998,n=14)。RDA结果显示6月的盐度、溶解氧(C_(DO))、温度(T)和pH值及9月的C_(DO)、活性磷酸盐(C_(PO_4~(3-)-P))、无机氮浓度(C_(DIN))和T是依次影响各自月份浮游植物群落的主要环境因子。     

天津近岸人工鱼礁海域浮游植物群落及其变化特征

2016年5月、7月和11月分别对天津近岸海域2010年、2012年和2014年投放的人工鱼礁区及非人工鱼礁区(对照区)进行3个航次的调查,每个区域设置3个站位,共计12个站位。结果显示:共鉴定浮游植物2门28属58种,其中硅藻门19属44种,甲藻门9属14种。物种以硅藻为主,占总物种的75.9%,其次为甲藻,占总物种的24.1%。浮游植物优势种以硅藻门的圆筛藻属和角毛藻属为主,主要有威氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus wailesii)、星脐圆筛藻(C.asteromphalus)、格氏圆筛藻(C.granii)、虹彩圆筛藻(C.oculus-iridis)、圆筛藻(C.spp.)、卡氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros castracanei)、劳氏角毛藻(C.Iorenzianus)、旋链角毛藻(C.curvisetus)、尖刺伪菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzschia pungens)、柔弱几内亚藻(Guianardia delicatula)、刚毛根管藻(Rhizosolenia setigera)、翼鼻状藻印度变型(Proboscia alata f.indica)和夜光藻(Noctilluca scintillans)。浮游植物细胞丰度存在明显的季节差异,11月份、7月份和5月份浮游植物细胞丰度分别为94.79×10~4 cell/m~3、39.53×10~4 cell/m~3和21.5×10~4 cell/m~3,浮游植物多样性指数也有明显的季节差异,11月份香农-威纳多样性指数,丰富度指数和均匀度指数都比5月份和7月份高。从人工鱼礁区与对照区对比来看,5月份浮游植物细胞丰度礁区外显著高于鱼礁区,7月份和11月份2014年鱼礁区浮游植物细胞丰度显著高于其它鱼礁区和礁区外。浮游植物多样性指数礁区外和2012年鱼礁区低于2010年和2014年鱼礁区浮游植物多样性指数,礁区外最低。可见,人工鱼礁的构建对于提高浮游植物群落多样性具有显著的效果,但是随着时间的延长,浮游植物群落多样性不是一直增高的,有一定程度的波动。     

2009年夏季黄河口及其邻近水域网采浮游植物的群落结构

为了研究黄河调水调沙对黄河口及其邻近水域浮游植物群落的影响,于2009年7月黄河第九次调水调沙后对黄河口及其邻近水域的浮游植物进行了调查。利用网采浮游植物样品研究了该水域浮游植物的种类组成、丰度分布、优势种以及生物多样性,结果表明调查水域共鉴定出浮游植物29属53种,隶属于硅藻门、甲藻门、蓝藻门、金藻门和绿藻门,其中硅藻43种,甲藻6种,还有少数浮游植物属于蓝藻门、金藻门和绿藻门;浮游植物细胞丰度为0.96×104~76.32×104个/m3,平均丰度为21.23×104个/m3;主要优势种类有念珠藻(Nostocaceae)、八幅辐环藻(Actinocyclus octonarius)、佛氏海线藻(Thalassionema frauenfeldii)和卡氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros castracanei)等;调水调沙引起的黄河径流量的增加对黄河口及其邻近水域浮游植物群落结构的影响显著。该研究揭示了特定时期黄河口及其邻近水域浮游植物的群落结构,并丰富了该水域浮游植物群落的基础资料,为深入探讨河口环境变化对浮游植物群落的影响提供了重要依据。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.