内蒙古黄旗海湖泊沉积物磁化率特征及其环境意义

黄旗海H3剖面是14C测年8.0~2.0 ka BP高湖面时的粉砂质湖相沉积。对H3剖面的全样、77~20 um、20 um三个粒级的磁化率和Ti、Zr元素含量进行了测试,研究结果表明:作为气候环境代用指标,磁化率和Ti、Zr元素含量在20μm粒级样品中具有相同的指示意义。因此,在利用磁化率和地球化学元素作为气候环境代用指标时应当将样品分成不同粒级测试其含量变化,并从中寻找能够反映气候环境变化的真实信息。磁化率参数可以作为反映环境变化的代用指标,两者间有很好的相关关系,湖泊沉积中,高(低)磁化率指示干燥(湿润)的气候,较低(高)的湖面。黄旗海由磁化率反映的事件可以与北大西洋全新世突发气候事件对比,也可以和若尔盖高原泥炭记录的全新世气候事件对比,可能反映了内蒙古高原中南部、青藏高原和北大西洋地区气候变化的内在联系。     

Landslide susceptibility evaluation based on BPNN and GIS: a case of Guojiaba in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

A landslide susceptibility evaluation is vital for disaster management and development planning in the Yangtze River Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In this study, with the support of remote sensing and Geographic Information System, 4 factor groups comprising 10 separate subfactors of landslide-related data layers were selected to establish a susceptibility evaluation model based on the back-propagation neural network including slope, aspect, plan curvature, strata and lithology, distance to faults, land use/land cover, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Normalized Difference Water Index, distance from roads, and effect of rivers. During model development, a three-layered interconnected neural network structure of 10 (input layer) × 20 (hidden layer) × 1 (output layer) was used for evaluating the landslide susceptibility in Guojiaba. At the same time, a back-propagation algorithm was applied to calculate the weights between the input layer and the hidden layer and between the hidden layer and the output layer. The results showed that the effect of slope has the highest weight value (0.2051), which is more than two times that of the other factors, followed by strata and lithology (0.1213) and then the effect of rivers (0.1201). At the end of the susceptibility evaluation, the area was divided into four zones such as very high, high, moderate and low susceptibility. For verification, the receiver operating characteristic curve for the back-propagation neural network-derived landslide susceptibility evaluation model was drawn, and the results showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.8790 and the prediction accuracy was 88%. Furthermore, the results obtained from this article were then verified by comparing with the existing landslide historical data and multiple field-verified results. Lastly, the landslide susceptibility map will help decision makers in risk management, site selection, site planning, and the design of control engineering.     

六盘山地区寺口子剖面早白垩世晚期的孢粉组合及其环境意义

 研究白垩纪植物演替与气候变化对认识现今生态环境形成过程与演变具有重要意义。基于在我国六盘山地区下白垩统六盘山群中发现的45 属孢粉化石,探讨了孢粉组合、古生态与古气候变化特征。孢粉组合以裸子植物为主,蕨类植物次之,前者以松柏纲松杉目占优势,以掌鳞杉(Cheirolepidiaceae)科最为繁盛,尼藤目麻黄科(Ephedraceae)和苏铁目或银杏目占有很大比例;后者以真蕨目包括海金沙科(Lygodiaceae)、莎草蕨科(Schizaeaceae)为主。表明当时植物具有比较明显的多样性,既有生长于远处高山的松杉类高大植物,又有近湖低山及湖岸一带的掌鳞杉科及蕨类植物,湖泊水体中生长着淡水藻类。孢粉植物群的这种特征揭示出该地区在早白垩世晚期气候炎热干燥,并且可以划分为116~112 Ma的气温相对较低和112~103 Ma的气温波动升高两个阶段,这种变化与全球古气候的变化趋势一致,说明寺口子剖面孢粉记录的气候变化与对全球气候变化是响应的。