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1.
ABSTRACT Basic shallowing-upward cycles (shu-cycles) and five-bundled megacycles in the Latemar platform have been widely regarded as a model example for precessional and eccentricity forcing in the Mesozoic. Based on bio-/chronostratigraphic data, recent studies questioned this particular type of Milankovitch forcing on the Latemar cyclic series. We present an integrated model that incorporates (i) new cyclostratigraphic data, (ii) new and existing bio-/chronostratigraphic data and (iii) new spectral analyses. The basic shu-cycles in the Latemar reflect sub-Milankovitch control. Cycle bundles of 1 : 4–5 (megacycles : shu-cycles) indicate precessional forcing. They do not reflect eccentricity superimposed on precessional forcing. Spectral analyses reveal highly significant ratios in the large-scale cycle bundlings. Stacking patterns of 1 : 9.9 and 1 : 24.0 shu-cycles represent obliquity and short eccentricity forcing. Both sub-Milankovitch and Milankovitch forcing potentially controlled shallow subtidal carbonate deposition in Mesozoic greenhouse times. Cyclostratigraphic models require an integrated approach including bio- and chronostratigraphic data. 相似文献
2.
VEERLE VANDEGINSTE RUDY SWENNEN SARAH A. GLEESON† ROB M. ELLAM‡ KIRK OSADETZ§ FRANÇOIS ROURE¶ 《Sedimentology》2009,56(2):439-460
The Fairholme carbonate complex is part of the extensively dolomitized Upper Devonian carbonate reefs in west-central Alberta. The studied formations contain moulds (up to 10 cm in diameter), which are filled partially with (saddle) dolomite, quartz and calcite cements. These cements precipitated from a mixture of brines that acquired high salinity by dissolution of halite and brines derived from evaporated sea water. The fluids were warm (homogenization temperature of primary fluid inclusions of 76 to 200 °C) and saline (20 to 25 wt% NaCl equivalent) and testify to thermochemical sulphate reduction processes. The latter is deduced from S in solid inclusions, CO2 and H2 S in volatile-rich aqueous inclusions and depleted δ13 C values down to −26‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite. High 87 Sr/86 Sr values (0·7094 to 0·7110) of the cements also indicate interaction of the fluids with siliciclastic sequences. The thermochemical sulphate reduction-related cements probably formed during early Laramide burial. Another (younger) calcite phase, characterized by depleted δ18 O values (−23·9‰ to −13·9‰ Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), low Na (27 to 37 p.p.m.) and Sr (39 to 150 p.p.m.) concentrations and non-saline (∼0 wt% NaCl equivalent) fluid inclusions, is attributed to post-Laramide meteoric water. 相似文献
3.
JORIE CLARK A. MARSHALL McCABE CHRISTOPH SCHNABEL PETER U. CLARK STEWART FREEMAN COLIN MADEN SHENG XU 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2009,38(1):111-118
A well-preserved moraine on the northern coast of County Donegal, Ireland, has played a critical role in our understanding of the glacial history of this sector of the Irish Ice Sheet (IIS). Because of a lack of numerical dating of the moraine, however, previous interpretations of its age and significance to the glacial history of this region have varied widely. Here we report eight in situ cosmogenic 10 Be ages on boulders sampled from the moraine. Two of these ages are outliers, with the remaining six ranging from 18.8±1.0 10 Be kyr to 20.9±1.3 10 Be kyr, with an uncertainty-weighted mean age of 19.4±0.3 10 Be kyr (19.4±1.2 kyr accounting for production rate uncertainty). Our results confirm one previous 10 Be age obtained from the moraine, with the combined data ( n =7) constraining the age of initial deglaciation of the IIS from its LGM position on the continental shelf to be 19.3±0.3 10 Be kyr (19.3±1.2 kyr accounting for production rate uncertainty). These ages are in excellent agreement with calibrated 14 C ages that constrain retreat of the IIS margin from the continental shelf elsewhere in northwestern and western Ireland and the Irish Sea Basin associated with the start of the Cooley Point Interstadial (≥20–≤18.2 cal. kyr BP), suggesting widespread deglaciation of the IIS ∼19.5–20 kyr ago. 相似文献
4.
We report in-situ produced 10 Be data from the Gorge du Diable (French Western Alps) to date and quantify bedrock gorge incision into a glacial hanging valley. We sampled gorge sidewalls and the active channel bed to derive both long-term and present-day incision rates. 10 Be ages of sidewall profiles reveal rapid incision through the late Holocene (ca 5 ka) at rates ranging from 6.5 to 13 mm yr−1 . Present-day incision rates are significantly lower and vary from 0.5 to 3 mm yr−1 within the gorge. Our data imply either delayed initiation of gorge incision after final ice retreat from internal Alpine valleys at ca 12 ka, or post-glacial surface reburial of the gorge. Our results suggest that fluvial incision rates >1 cm yr−1 into crystalline bedrock may be encountered in transient landscape features induced by glacial-interglacial transitions. 相似文献
5.
Oxygen and carbon isotopes were measured to a high depth resolution in a nannoplankton carbonate sequence spanning the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at Koshak Hill, Mangyshlak Peninsula, Kazakhstan. The boundary is characterized by the presence of a ∼ 1 cm thick clay layer having a sharp peak in iridium concentration with a maximum value of 3.7 ng g-1 . The δ18 O data reveal rapid (∼103 years) excursion of sea-surface temperature at the boundary where an initial cold pulse is followed by a persistent warm period. The δ13 C data, in contrast, indicate only a gradual change in productivity across the boundary. The observations suggest a biogeochemical scenario for the boundary event pertaining to shallow epicontinental seas. 相似文献
6.
T. Simon-Labric Y. Rolland T. Dumont T. Heymes C. Authemayou M. Corsini M. Fornari 《地学学报》2009,21(2):127-136
Direct absolute dating of the Penninic Frontal Thrust tectonic motion is achieved using the 40 Ar/39 Ar technique in the Pelvoux Crystalline Massif (Western Alps). The dated phengites were formed syn-kinematically in shear zones. They underline the brittle-ductile stretching lineation, pressure-shadow fibres and slickensides consistent with underthrusting of the European continental slab below the propagating Penninic Thrust. Chlorite–phengite thermobarometry yields 10–15 km and T ∼280 °C, while 40 Ar/39 Ar phengite ages mainly range between 34 and 30 Ma, with one younger age at 27 Ma. This Early Oligocene age range matches a major tectonic rearrangement of the Alpine chain. Preservation of prograde 40 Ar/39 Ar ages is ascribed to passive exhumation of the Pelvoux shear zone network, sandwiched between more external thrusts and the Penninic Front reactivated as an E-dipping detachment fault. Partial resetting in the Low Temperature part of argon spectra below 24 Ma is ascribed to brittle deformation and alteration of phengites. 相似文献
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VINCENT R. RINTERKNECHT LESZEK MARKS JAN A. PIOTROWSKI GRANT M. RAISBECK FRANÇOISE YIOU EDWARD J. BROOK PETER U. CLARK 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2005,34(2):186-191
Rinterknecht, V. R., Marks, L., Piotrowski, J. A., Raisbeck, G. M., Yiou, F., Brook, E. J. & Clark, P. U. 2005 (May): Cosmogenic 10 Be ages on the Pomeranian Moraine, Poland. Boreas , Vol. 34, pp. 186–191. Oslo. ISSN 0300–9483.
We measured the10 Be concentrations in boulders collected from the Pomeranian Moraine in Poland, providing the first direct dating of the southern margin of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) in the Polish Lowland. The mean age of 8 10 Be ages of the Pomeranian Moraine in northwestern Poland is 14.30.8 10 Be ka, while in northeastern Poland the mean age of 19 10 Be ages of the moraine is 15.00.5 10 Be ka. Given the excellent agreement between the two age groups, we calculate a mean age of 14.80.4 10 Be ka for final deposition of the Pomeranian Moraine of northern Poland. The age of the Pomeranian Moraine suggests that the southern margin of the SIS was near its maximum extent in Poland at a younger time than previously inferred, and that retreat from the moraine at 14.80.4 10 Be ka probably occurred in response to the onset of the Bølling interstade. 相似文献
We measured the
9.
The δ13 Ccarb and 87 Sr/86 Sr secular variations in Neoproteozoic seawater have been used for the purpose of 'isotope stratigraphy' but there are a number of problems that can preclude its routine use. In particular, it cannot be used with confidence for 'blind dating'. The compilation of isotopic data on carbonate rocks reveals a high level of inconsistency between various carbon isotope age curves constructed for Neoproteozoic seawater, caused by a relatively high frequency of both global and local δ13 Ccarb fluctuations combined with few reliable age determinations. Further complication is caused by the unresolved problem as to whether two or four glaciations, and associated negative δ13 Ccarb excursions, can be reliably documented. Carbon isotope stratigraphy cannot be used alone for geological correlation and 'blind dating'. Strontium isotope stratigraphy is a more reliable and precise tool for stratigraphic correlations and indirect age determinations. Combining strontium and carbon isotope stratigraphy, several discrete ages within the 590–544 Myr interval, and two age-groups at 660–610 and 740–690 Myr can be resolved. 相似文献
10.
YEONG BAE SEONG LEWIS A. OWEN HYOUN SOO LIM HO IL YOON YEADONG KIM YONG IL LEE MARC W. CAFFEE 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2009,38(2):207-213
Glacial landforms on the Barton and Weaver peninsulas of King George Island in the South Shetland Islands, West Antarctica were mapped and dated using terrestrial cosmogenic 36 Cl methods to provide the first quantitative terrestrial record for late Quaternary deglaciation in the South Shetland Islands. 36 Cl ages on glacially eroded and striated bedrock surfaces range from 15.5±2.5 kyr to 1.0±0.7 kyr. The 36 Cl ages are younger with decreasing altitude, indicating progressive downwasting of the southwestern part of the Collins Ice Cap at a rate of ∼12 mm yr−1 since 15.5±2.5 kyr ago, supporting the previously published marine records for the timing and estimate of the rate of deglaciation in this region. 相似文献
11.
米兰科维奇旋回是记录在沉积地层中的表现形式, 其代表的时间涵义是进行高分辨率地层划分和对比的有效手段, 从地层中揭示的米兰科维奇旋回, 可以完善地层学尤其是旋回地层学理论.以北黄海东部坳陷为研究对象, 根据J. Laskar的解决方案计算出该区始新统的米兰科维奇旋回周期为: 125 ka和99 ka的偏心率周期, 51 ka和39 ka的地轴斜率周期, 23 ka和19 ka的岁差周期.通过对3口井的GR(自然伽马)和SP(自然电位)测井曲线进行频谱分析, 发现其频谱峰值与天文周期存在着良好的对应关系, 因此可以判定该区域地层中保存着完好的米兰科维奇沉积旋回.地层旋回厚度存在13.03~15.89 m的长周期、3.70~5.21 m的中周期和2.17~2.94 m的短周期, 并由此计算地层的沉积速率为121.20~127.12 m/Ma.从隆起沿着斜坡往湖盆中心, 沉积持续时间越长且沉积厚度也越厚, 但沉积速率相对稳定.通过连续小波变换对始新统地层进行小层划分, 划分出6期沉积体, 以每个沉积体为独立窗口进行频谱分析计算出沉积的持续时间和速率, 从气候变化的影响分析每个阶段的沉积环境.从下往上层序地层E6期为低水位体系域, E5和E4为湖泊扩张体系域, E3为高位体系域, E2和E1为湖泊收缩体系域.以上方法可以证明米兰科维奇进行沉积旋回分析是一种有效的方法. 相似文献
12.
LENA HÅKANSSON HELENA ALEXANDERSON CHRISTIAN HJORT PER MÖLLER JASON P. BRINER ALA ALDAHAN GÖRAN POSSNERT 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2009,38(2):244-260
Previous work has presented contrasting views of the last glaciation on Jameson Land, central East Greenland, and still there is debate about whether the area was: (i) ice-free, (ii) covered with a local non-erosive ice cap(s), or (iii) overridden by the Greenland Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Here, we use cosmogenic exposure ages from erratics to reconcile these contrasting views. A total of 43 erratics resting on weathered sandstone and on sediment-covered surfaces were sampled from four areas on interior Jameson Land; they give 10 Be ages between 10.9 and 269.1 kyr. Eight erratics on weathered sandstone and till-covered surfaces cluster around ∼70 kyr, whereas 10 Be ages from erratics on glaciofluvial landforms are substantially younger and range between 10.9 and 47.2 kyr. Deflation is thought to be an important process on the sediment-covered surfaces and the youngest exposure ages are suggested to result from exhumation. The older (>70 kyr) samples have discordant 26 Al and 10 Be data and are interpreted to have been deposited by the Greenland Ice Sheet several glacial cycles ago. The younger exposure ages (≤70 kyr) are interpreted to represent deposition by the ice sheet during the Late Saalian and by an advance from the local Liverpool Land ice cap in the Early Weichselian. The exposure ages younger than Saalian are explained by periods of shielding by non-erosive ice during the Weichselian glaciation. Our work supports previous studies in that the Saalian Ice Sheet advance was the last to deposit thick sediment sequences and western erratics on interior Jameson Land. However, instead of Jameson Land being ice-free throughout the Weichselian, we document that local ice with limited erosion potential covered and shielded large areas for substantial periods of the last glacial cycle. 相似文献
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基于米兰科维奇天文旋回理论在三角洲前缘开展砂岩组和单层级别的油层对比研究,频谱分析和小波变换揭示萨尔图油层Ⅲ油层组存在米兰科维奇天文旋回,可识别出比值接近5∶2∶1的3个旋回厚度,分别对应于偏心率100 ka、斜率40 ka和岁差20 ka周期,推测地层在沉积时受到米兰科维奇天文轨道周期性变化的影响。根据岁差20 ka周期带通滤波(BPF)和堆积速率变化特征,将萨尔图油层Ⅲ油层组划分为9个砂岩组和20个单层。研究表明,岁差20 ka周期调控气候波动的机制与超短期基准面升降变化之间存在着一定的协调作用,利用米兰科维奇天文旋回划分出的单层具有严格的等时性。20个单层砂体的展布特征表明,萨尔图油层Ⅲ油层组经历了多期水进—水退事件,与砂岩组的划分具有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
14.
松辽盆地青山口组湖相深水细粒沉积岩厚度大,具有巨大的非常规油气勘探潜力。利用小波变化和频谱分析方法,对研究区取芯井青一段地层的大段深水细粒沉积岩进行米兰科维奇旋回划分,并通过地球化学、全岩矿物等参数分析古沉积环境,将古环境的沉积响应与所划分的旋回进行对应分析,建立受控于米兰科维奇旋回的地层响应特征。研究表明,青一段地层中共识别出四级米氏旋回,分别为68个米级旋回、25个Ⅴ级旋回、6个IV级旋回以及1个Ⅲ级旋回界面,地层沉积主要受控于128 ka短偏心率和48 ka斜率旋回。青一段沉积环境整体上具有气候由干到湿,水体加深、还原性增强、盐度降低的旋回变化特征,6种环境组合表明了厚层泥页岩岩相与沉积环境之间的对应关系,其中暖湿气候控制的层状灰质泥岩有利于油页岩层发育。因此利用米氏旋回细分深水细粒沉积层,有望对页岩油气勘探获得突破。 相似文献
15.
L. Benedetti R. Finkel G. King R. Armijo D. Papanastassiou F. J. Ryerson F. Flerit D. Farber G. Stavrakakis 《地学学报》2003,15(2):118-124
ABSTRACT In February and March 1981, three successive destructive earthquakes occurred at the eastern end of the Gulf of Corinth. The third shock (March, 4, Ms ≈ 6.4) ruptured the Kaparelli fault. About 40 cm of a limestone fault scarp was exhumed by the earthquake. Each major prehistoric earthquake has added new surface to this cumulative scarp exposing fresh material to cosmic-ray bombardment. Using 36 Cl cosmic ray exposure dating we have obtained the continuous exposure history for this 4–5-m-high limestone surface at two sites about 50 m apart. The results suggest that the Kaparelli fault has ruptured three times prior to 1981 at 20 ± 3 ka, 14.5 ± 0.5 ka and 10.5 ± 0.5 ka with slip amplitudes between 0.6 m and 2.1 m. The Kaparelli fault appears to have been inactive for 10 thousand years prior to the 1981 event. 相似文献
16.
We present the first trace element and age data combined with new Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope ratios on lavas from San Felix Island in the Southeast Pacific. A 40 Ar/39 Ar plateau age of 421 ± 18 ka implies young intraplate volcanic activity in this region relative to the ∼22 Ma old volcanism on the neighbouring Easter seamount chain (ESC). The incompatible element compositions of the San Felix magmas are similar to those of EM1-type basalts from Gough, although the isotopic compositions differ. San Felix formed some 20 Ma after the ESC plume affected the plate in this region but no chemical signature of the ESC material is observed in the young volcanic rocks. The composition of the San Felix basalts indicates a mantle source containing old continental lithospheric material from either metasomatized mantle or recycled sediments, which ascends in a weak mantle plume. 相似文献
17.
Janina Wiszniewska Stefan Claesson Holly Stein Jacqueline Vander Auwera Jean-Clair Duchesne 《地学学报》2002,14(6):451-460
ABSTRACT Deeply buried 1.5 Ga Polish anorthosites, accessible only by bore holes, reveal diagnostic features of some massif-type anorthosites (polybarism, jotunitic parent magma), diapirically emplaced in the mid crust together with the rapakivi granites of the EW-trending Mazury complex, intruded along a major crustal discontinuity. Geochemical modelling and isotope data corroborate recent experimental work on the basaltic system in dry conditions: the source rock of the parental magma is a gabbronorite, necessarily lying in the lower crust. Since no Archaean crust is known in the region, high initial 188 Os/187 Os ratios for sulphide-oxide isochrons and negative εNd values are best accounted for by melting a ∼ 2.0 Ga mafic crust. 相似文献
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Lava solidification is controlled by two mechanisms: external cooling and gas exsolution, the latter inducing crystallization due to increasing liquidus temperature. The andesite lava dome of the Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, is an extrusion dominated by crystallization caused by gas exsolution where cooling is unimportant in controlling emplacement. In the magma chamber the magma has an estimated viscosity of 7 × 106 Pa s. During ascent, gas exsolution caused the magma to extrude in a highly crystalline state, with only 5–15% residual melt, viscosities in the range 1013 –1014 Pa s and mechanical strength > 1 MPa. Deformation can be heterogeneous with extrusion along shear zones. Rheological stiffening in the upper conduit also causes large overpressures, shallow seismicity, and cyclic patterns of dome extrusion. Gas-rich porphyritic andesites tend to be the least mobile kind of lava, because transition from magma into hot crystalline material was reached during ascent. 相似文献
20.
ANNE JENNINGS JAMES SYVITSKI LINDA GERSON KARL GRÖNVOLD ÁSLAUG GEIRSDÓTTIR JÓRUNN HARDARDÓTTIR JOHN ANDREWS SVEINUNG HAGEN 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2000,29(3):163-183
Foraminifera, sedimentology, and tephra geochemistry in core 93030-006 LCF from the southwestern Iceland shelf were used to reconstruct paleoenvironments between 12.7 and 9.4 14 C ka BP. Seismic-reflection profiles place the core in glacial-marine and marine sediments within one meter of the underlying glacial till. Foraminifers in the earliest glacial-marine sediments provide a record of ice-distal conditions and immigration of slope species onto the shelf in association with warm Atlantic water. Meltwater increased during the Allerød under a weakened Atlantic water influence. Arctic conditions began by 11.14 14 C ka BP with an abrupt increase in meltwater and near exclusion of boreal fauna from the shelf. Meltwater diminished in the early Younger Dryas, coinciding with sea-surface cooling between 11.14 and 10.5 14 C ka BP. A slight warming recorded in the uppermost glacial-marine sediments was interrupted by an inferred jökulhlaup event emanating from glacier ice on the Western Volcanic Zone. Retreat of the ice margin from the sea sometime between c. 10.3 and 9.94 14 C ka BP coincided with this event. The onset of postglacial marine sedimentation occurred along with increasing evidence of Atlantic water c. 9.94 14 C ka BP and was interrupted by a short-lived Pre-boreal cooling of the Irminger Current c. 9.91 14 C ka BP. Conditions similar to those today were established by 9.7 14 C ka BP. 相似文献