轻型飞机摄影参与国家重点项目通过国家级鉴定

由核工业北京地质研究院和北京大学遥感所合作完成的国家科技攻关项目75-73-02-01课题中,北京地质研究院承担了小飞机航空遥感应用试验研究,目的在于为科学研究提供信息资料,探索小飞机航摄技术,并为推广该技术提供参数和经验。这项试验研究,采用“蜜蜂”号小飞机与АФА-ТЭ航摄系统和“海鸥”号小飞机与АФА-41航摄仪系统,先后在河南平原小麦区和内蒙中-低山森林区及5个小城镇完成了     

轻型飞机航空遥感摄影技术开发与应用

轻型飞机航空遥感摄影技术开发与应用谯章明，崔振奎，冯平（核工业北京地质研究院北京１０００２９）我院开创的轻型飞机航空遥感摄影技术（简称轻型航摄）与应用已整整１０年了。用轻型飞机为载体完成大比例尺的航摄任务，要比用大中型飞机经济得多，可是如何确保航摄质...     

无人机航摄大比例尺地图试验

利用固定翼无人机航摄测绘1：2000、1：1000、1：500地图,检验无人机航测成图能否满足相应规范的精度要求,为以后无人机航摄测绘大比例尺地图提供经验。     

从历史航摄影像图看广西城市30年巨变系列报道（二）——八桂古城添新翼和祖国腾飞

广西测绘档案资料馆里保存着一些不同年代的航摄影像图,它通过一幢幢高楼、一条条笔直的马路、一片片绿地……忠实地记录了广西城市的飞速的变化。近日,记者来到广西测绘档案资料馆,翻开新旧版本广西航摄影像图,看我们国土测绘人从天上观测到的广西城市30年来的大飞跃。     

无人驾驶飞机在四川国土资源管理中的应用

针对航空摄影和卫星遥感受诸多因素制约的缺陷,开展无人驾驶飞机在四川国土资源管理中的应用研究从无人飞机系统特点、系统组成、技术设计方案3方面入手,分析此技术方法的可行性,并获得理想实用的航摄效果.     

基于P-750固定翼飞机的自动化航放/航磁测量系统研制

为提高航空物探作业效率,提升自动化作业水平,降低安全风险,研制了可实现自动化作业的航放/航磁测量系统。以P-750固定翼飞机为平台,开展了系统集成和飞机改装,实现了航空物探无人值守作业和远程监测。对该系统开展了飞机本底、磁静态噪声、GPS定位精度、磁补偿效果及动态噪声等技术指标测试,完成了航放系统标定和试验飞行。测试和试验飞行结果表明,系统各项指标均满足或优于现行航放和航磁测量规范的要求,验证了基于P-750固定翼飞机的自动化航空物探（放/磁）测量系统可安全、高效执行航空物探作业任务。     

轻型飞机航摄遥感技术成果显著

轻型飞机航摄遥感技术成果显著核工业北京地质研究院遥感中心紧密围绕经济建设开展轻型飞机航空遥感摄影技术研究，已显示出可观的经济效益和社会效益。该中心在多种地形、气象条件下进行低空超低空作业。截止１９９３年，共完成１０多个地区，约１８０００ｋｍ２的作业任...     

轻型飞机在江西地区的航摄成果通过验收

核工业北京地质研究院于1990年10至12月采用海燕号轻型飞机与AφA-41型航摄仪匹配,在江西省东乡—礼陂、茅排和邹家山的三个测区完成了2千多km~2的彩红外航空摄影任务。航摄比例尺为1:20000;1:12000和1:8000,为该区铀(金)矿地质研究和矿区测图提供了大量航片和有关资料。近一年来,本航片通过解泽、野外验证,邹家山测区作了1:2000的航测控制测量,外业调绘和内业成图,取得了良好效果,深受用户欢迎。核工业华东地质勘探局270研究所和     

北海市高精度特大比例尺航空摄影试验研究

本文介绍了高精度特大比例尺航空摄影的技术难点、国内现状和新型航摄系统的先进功能,论证了高精度航摄质量的可靠性。本试验的成功为我国低空航摄领域填补了一项空白。     

无人机航摄系统在滩涂高程测量中的应用研究

从理论高程精度的公式推导出发,阐述了像素分辨率和基高比是影响理论高程测量精度的主要因素,指出了理论高程精度对航摄系统的选择以及飞行参数的设计具有重要参考价值;进行了无人机航摄系统在滩涂高程测量中的应用试验,结果表明,无人机航摄系统的实际高程测量精度可以优于±15cm;最后通过理论高程精度和实测高程精度的对比分析,指出影像质量、像控精度以及空三解算精度等因素的优化是实测高程测量精度进一步提升的关键。     

低空无人机倾斜摄影测量测图精度实证

为了研究倾斜摄影测量对测图精度的提高作用,以A、B两个测区为例,分别以双片和多片前方交会、竖直和倾斜影像为对比条件,建立立体模型与实景三维模型,并通过对模型和数字线划图中检查点的误差统计,对平面精度和高程精度进行对比分析。相比于基于双片前方交会生成的立体模型,基于多片前方交会生成的实景三维模型精度更高;在地形为高山地的A测区,平面和高程中误差均由分米级提高至厘米级,结合《数字航空摄影测量空中三角测量规范》可以达到1：500比例尺的成图标准。相比于竖直摄影测量,倾斜摄影测量的交会光线更多,因而其模型精度也更高;在地形为山地的B测区,高程精度可与平面精度相当,中误差均在5 cm以内,解决了航空摄影测量因影像采集方式而高程精度较差的难题,基于倾斜实景三维模型进行三维测图,数字线划图中等高线中误差满足《1：500 1：1 000 1：2 000地形图航空摄影测量内业规范》中对1：500比例尺的精度要求。     

Landslide hazard mapping using logistic regression model in Mackenzie Valley,Canada

A logistic regression model is developed within the framework of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to map landslide hazards in a mountainous environment. A case study is conducted in the mountainous southern Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories, Canada. To determine the factors influencing landslides, data layers of geology, surface materials, land cover, and topography were analyzed by logistic regression analysis, and the results are used for landslide hazard mapping. In this study, bedrock, surface materials, slope, and difference between surface aspect and dip direction of the sedimentary rock were found to be the most important factors affecting landslide occurrence. The influence on landslides by interactions among geologic and geomorphic conditions is also analyzed, and used to develop a logistic regression model for landslide hazard mapping. The comparison of the results from the model including the interaction terms and the model not including the interaction terms indicate that interactions among the variables were found to be significant for predicting future landslide probability and locating high hazard areas. The results from this study demonstrate that the use of a logistic regression model within a GIS framework is useful and suitable for landslide hazard mapping in large mountainous geographic areas such as the southern Mackenzie Valley.     

IRS-P5卫星影像提取DEM及其地学应用

基于高分辨率遥感卫星数据提取DEM技术已广泛应用于地学研究中,但基于IRS-P5立体像对提取DEM的研究应用目前还比较少。主要介绍了IRS-P5卫星获取立体像对的工作原理,立体像对提取DEM原理、方法及精度评定,列举了该技术在地学研究中的应用实例及其应用前景以及存在的问题。结果表明,在良好的地面控制点的支持下,IRS-P5立体像对提取的DEM平面和高程精度均可满足国家山地1∶1万地形图测图规范要求,在地学研究中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Semi-automatic shallow landslide detection by the integration of airborne imagery and laser scanning data

Landslide mapping is essential for effective watershed management. In Taiwan, a typhoon or earthquake event can trigger hundreds, even thousands, of shallow landslides in mountainous watersheds. Thus, improving the efficiency of landslide mapping by means of remote sensing techniques is an important issue. This study proposes a new method that uses concurrent aerial laser scanning (ALS) data and color ortho-imagery as input data: the topographic indices of slope, surface roughness, and object height model can be derived from the ALS data and the Green–Red Vegetation Index from the ortho-images. The method first uses these topographic and spectral indices in a global, semi-automatic algorithm to separate landslide from non-landslide pixels. It then offers a region growing tool and a 3D Eraser/Painter to edit detected landslides locally. These global and local operations are designed with a user interface, which is intuitive and user-friendly. Results from four test sites in a mountainous watershed prove that the method is easy, accurate, and suitable for landslide mapping in Taiwan.     

电子探针对含Be矿物绿柱石的定量分析

绿柱石是最常见的含有超轻元素Be的硅酸盐矿物,其准确定量测试一直是电子探针微束分析领域的一大难点。本文总结了超轻元素微区测试的特点和难点,使用电子探针并结合全元素测试的思路对含Be矿物绿柱石进行微区化学成分分析,获得了令人满意的结果。结果同时表明,全元素测试方法可用于硅酸盐矿物中氧元素测试。此外,应用此方法对于含水或是变价元素矿物可得到更为理想的元素定量结果。     

饱和土中任意形状衬砌对稳态压缩波的散射

采用不同的复平面间的保角映射法,对无限饱和土中任意形状的多孔衬砌结构对弹性压缩波的散射问题进行了研究。首先,通过引入位移势函数将饱和土和衬砌两种介质的Biot波动方程解耦成6个Helmholtz方程,并求出复平面极坐标下相应势函数的通解;之后,利用两个复平面间的极角变换关系,得到位移、应力和孔压在映像平面上势函数表达式。在此基础上,将原像平面中任意形状的衬砌内外边界处的边界条件代入到映像平面中圆环势函数的关系式中,从而求出饱和土中衬砌介质在弹性稳态体波作用下产生的动态响应。最后通过具体算例,变换不同的入射角及介质参数得出相应数值解及规律。     

效应温度及其在山地植被景观研究中的应用展望

简要综述了山地景观的温度及其对植被作用的国内外研究现状。根据实验和野外实测数据,对效应温度的测定方法和性质进行了系统分析。结果表明:①效应温度是分析山地景观温度特征的有效指标;②效应温度与群落平均温度指示值显著相关;③转化糖方法为研究山地植被与生境温度相互作用机理提供了可靠的研究手段;④在高海拔低温环境下研究效应温度及其对植被景观的影响时,尚需对转化糖方法做一定的改进。     

面向高空间分辨率遥感影像的山区地形校正方法

山区地形复杂,遥感影像地形效应明显,易造成"同物异谱"、"同谱异物"现象,增大了遥感地质填图的难度.但前人对适用于复杂地形条件下地质填图的地形校正模型讨论较少,特别是校正高空间分辨率遥感影像时多缺少对应高精度数字高程模型,校正结果易受地形异常影响.在Richter"山区"校正模型基础上引入地形抹平模型,提出"Smoothed山区"校正方法,并与另14种地形校正模型在GF-1、GF-2、SPOT6山区影像上进行对比实验.结果显示,"Smoothed山区"校正模型在山区高空间分辨率遥感影像的校正效果明显优于其他模型,校正结果地形效应减弱,影像信息丰富不失真,并且直接获取地表反射率数据,可为进一步的遥感蚀变提取等工作提供基础数据.该模型适用于复杂地形山区的遥感地质填图.      

Exploration of Water Resource and Multiple Model for Water Resource Development in Karst Areas with the Preferred Plane Theory

According to the theory of preferred plane, preferred planes (faults) always control the distribution of bedrock fissure water and hold abundant groundwater. Thus, the exploration of fissure or karst water can be converted into searching for the watery preferred plane (WPP). In the paper, the characteristic of watery preferred planes is analyzed and a series of superior indices has been set up. It is introduced that WPPs are determined by the methods of geological analysis, superior index and complex geophysical analysis. Meanwhile, new multiple model for water resource development in the water-scarce areas of karst mountainous regions are advanced.     

The role of pre-existing discontinuities in the development of extensional faults: An analog modeling perspective

Several mountainous regions are currently affected by syn- or post-orogenic active extension. We investigate how a newly-formed normal fault interacts with structures inherited from a previous contractional phase. To this end, we use analog models that adopt an innovative technique for performing a precut that mimics such inherited structures into a clay layer; this clay layer is laid on top of a master fault simulated by two rigid blocks sliding along an inclined plane. We carry out six experiments with variously oriented precuts and compare the results with those obtained in a reference isotropic experiment. All other conditions are identical for all seven realizations. Fault evolution is monitored by taking closely-spaced snapshots analyzed through the Digital Image Correlation method. We find that the upward propagation of the normal fault can be either accelerated or decelerated depending on the presence of a precut and its orientation. Such precuts can also promote or inhibit the formation of bending-moment faults. These interactions between master fault and precut also affect the shape of the fault-related syncline–anticline pair.