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1.
The behavior of magnetic foci—intersection points of tangents to ray structures in the polar corona of the Sun—is studied. This behavior reflects the evolution of the large-scale magnetic field near the poles, and is one of only a few sources of information on the polar magnetic field of the Sun. For the first time, the positions of the magnetic foci are plotted as a function of the solar-cycle phase for a full cycle, based not only on total-eclipse images but also on daily coronal observations in the FeIX and FeX (171 Å) lines carried out with the EIT telescope on the SOHO satellite. The temporal behavior of the foci over a cycle differs appreciably from that inferred from isolated observations during eclipses. The curve agrees fairly well with the model of the global-field evolution suggested by us previously.  相似文献   

2.
Man and the water cycle: challenges for the 21st century   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Water is essential to life. Modern, technological societies use huge quantities of this precious liquid. The hydrologic (water) cycle represents the movement of water through the earth's environmental systems. Humankind primarily makes use of three parts of the hydrologic cycle for its water needs: rivers, lakes, and groundwater. Our use of these components of the water cycle has had a variety of deleterious effects. Many large rivers have had their flow regimes modified and suffered from pollution with attendant negative effects of riverine, estuarial, and oceanic ecosystems. Lakes have suffered most seriously from anthropogenic caused pollution but have been impacted by introduction of exotic biota and regime alteration as well. Groundwater, because of its slow rate of replenishment, has suffered from depletion and accumulating pollutants. Looking toward the next century, we must alter our management of water and put it on an ecologically sustainable footing. This involves three key actions: (1) developing an ecosystems approach, (2) improving the water knowledge base, and (3) promoting improved management and cooperation, both nationally and internationally.  相似文献   

3.
施红霞  王澄海 《冰川冻土》2015,37(2):327-335
基于CMIP5模式模拟的净初级生产力(NPP), 对21世纪初期(2016-2035年), 中期(2046-2065年)和末期(2080-2099年)三种排放情景下(RCP2.6、RCP4.5、RCP8.5)北半球中高纬度陆地NPP的时空变化进行了预估, 并结合气候因子分析了NPP的变化和气温、降水、辐射之间的关系. 结果表明: 相对于1986-2005年, 21世纪北半球中高纬度陆地NPP呈增加趋势, RCP8.5情景下NPP的增加比RCP2.6和RCP4.5情景下更为明显; 在季节变化上, 北半球中高纬度NPP也以增加为主, 且NPP在夏季, 尤其是6月增加最显著. NPP对气候变化的响应存在明显的区域差异性, 在中低排放情景下(RCP2.6、RCP4.5), 相对于1986-2005年, 21世纪北半球中高纬度地区温度显著影响的范围在逐渐缩小, 而辐射和降水显著影响的范围在扩大. 在高排放情景下(RCP8.5), 21世纪北半球中高纬度地区NPP的变化主要与温度有关.  相似文献   

4.
The spatial (latitude) distribution of sunspots is studied, including its dependence on solar activity. It is shown that the latitude distributions of sunspots for a given year can be approximately described by the normal law, with its variance being a linear function of the current level of solar activity. Thus, an increase in activity is accompanied by an expansion of the zone of solar activity, in good agreement with earlier results. As the solar activity increases, the width of the zone of sunspot generation and the latitude maximum of the sunspot density grow somewhat more slowly than the number of sunspots, in agreement with observations. The results obtained can be used to reconstruct the spatial distributions of sunspots in the past, interpret the magnetic activity of stars, and address the requirements of the dynamo theory in the form of constraints imposed on models of cyclicity.  相似文献   

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Paleoanalogues of global warming in the 21st century   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
On the basis of landscape-climatic reconstructions for warming periods in the past, likely scenarios of future global warming have been developed for various warming levels that might be reached during the current century. The paleoanalogue of global warming by 0.7–1°C is the Holocene climatic optimum (5.5–6 ka B.P.) and that by 1.7–2°C is the last interglacial optimum (about 125 ka B.P.). The complex analysis concerning response of the principal ecosystem components to the expected warming signifies that there will not be any shifts of vegetation zones during the 21st century; reconstruction will touch only the internal structure of vegetable associations and broadening of interzonal ecotones.  相似文献   

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21世纪大洋钻探计划是一顶国际科学钻探计划 ,基于日本和美国分别提供的 2艘深海钻探船的即将付之运作 ,该计划将于 2 0 0 3年 10月开始实施。美国提供的无隔水管钻探船 (就是执行ODP计划的JOIDESResolution号钻探船 )将于 2 0 0 5年进行施工。装备隔水管的日本钻探船在 2 0 0 1年初即行建造 ,将于 2 0 0 6年开始进行其科学钻探活动。 2 1世纪IODP大洋综合钻探计划进程初步方案见表 1。表 1  2 1世纪IODP大洋综合钻探计划进程初步方案21世纪IODP大洋  相似文献   

9.
Please?refer?to?the?attachment(s)?for?more?details.  相似文献   

10.
进入21世纪的勘查地球化学   总被引:19,自引:5,他引:19  
谢学锦 《中国地质》2001,28(4):11-18
勘查地球化学是20世纪中叶诞生的年轻的地学分支,它仍处于发展的初期阶段。它的概念、理论与方法都还在不断发展与创新。本文回顾了勘查地球化学自诞生之日发展至今的一些重大历史事件,指出90年代勘查地球化学正面临重大转折,预测进入21世纪勘查地球化学将在解决人类资源与环境的重大问题上发挥巨大作用。其新的发展趋势应是以全球眼光和从地球演化全过程的观点来研究元素的分布、富集、分散与迁移。中国在这方面已走在全世界前面。中国勘查地球化学家应和国上有超前意识的学者一道作出巨大努力,以促成这种新的研究趋势加速发展,早日成为勘查地球化学在21世纪发展的主流。  相似文献   

11.
The exponential development of radio-astronomy methods (sensitivity, resolution, depth of surveys, etc) has led to the need for new methods aimed at distinguishing weak signals in the midst of numerous background signals, as has long been the case for radio astronomy at meter wavelengths. Centimeter-wavelength data accumulated with existing radio telescopes (such as the RATAN-600 reflector—the largest radio telescope in Russia) are presented, and expected problems for major new radio telescopes of the 21st century, such as the Square Kilometer Array, are discussed. The effectiveness of using certain tested methods to derive astrophysically important results through reasonable statistical processing of large datasets is shown. In experiments conducted with RATAN-600, these methods lead to an enhancement in sensitivity by an order of magnitude compared with the sensitivity of a resolving element.  相似文献   

12.
面向21世纪的煤化工   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
煤炭是中国的主要能源和资源,但同时也是主要的污染源。从保护环境、合理利用有限的化石资源的角度和中国的具体国情考虑,应该大力开发温和化高效煤的新工艺,使煤炭资源逐步由能源型利用转化为材料型利用,近年来,我们在煤的溶剂萃取,脱硫降灰机理,煤相关模型化合物反应,煤焦油中稠环芳香族化合物的分离精制,功能性高分子单体合成及一氧化碳高效吸附剂的制备等方面做了大量的研究工作,结合这些研究工作,本文介绍了煤化工的  相似文献   

13.
走向21世纪的矿床学   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:10  
翟裕生 《矿床地质》2001,20(1):10-14
文章简要回顾了百年来矿床学取得的重要进展,包括:(1)矿床成因分类的建立;(2)层控矿床研究与矿床多成因理论的兴起;(3)板块构造与区域成矿规律;(4)矿床模型;(5)型矿床研究;(6)海洋现代热液成矿作用的发现;(7)成矿演化的不可逆性与节律性等。针对21世纪中人类社会可持续发展的需要,矿床学研究出现了两个新趋势;(1)全球化;(2)矿业开发与环境保护一体化。面临着三个主要研究领域;(1)成矿理论的推陈出新;(2)研究开发新型矿产资源,建立广义的矿产资源地质学;(3)建立绿色矿业体制所需的矿床学基础研究。  相似文献   

14.
中国21世纪水资源的前景及对策   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
全球淡水资源只占总水资源量的3%,由于经济发展和人口增长对水资源需求量与日俱增,而环境污染导致的水污染更是“雪上加霜”,淡水资源短缺将是未来十年内经济可持续发展的最主要制约因素。目前占世界人口总数40%的80多个国家是分布在严重缺水的干旱、半干旱地区,到下世纪初水资源匮乏的形势将更加严峻。  相似文献   

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The latitudes of the zonal boundaries of the global magnetic field of the Sun are determined from the magnetic neutral lines on synoptic Hα maps obtained during 1878–1999. The area of the polar zone occupied by magnetic field of a single polarity at solar minima has doubled over the last 120 years. This provides an explanation for the secular increase in heliospheric characteristics, which differs from the two-fold increase of the magnetic field strength predicted for this period. The temporal variations of the magnetic flux from the polar regions and their role in global changes of the Earth’s climate are discussed in connection with secular variations in the structure of the internal magnetic field of the Sun.  相似文献   

18.
阐述了萧山地区地质演化简史和国土资源优势,分析了面临的历史性任务,提出了应该进行的基础地质、矿产地质、第四纪地质、工程地质、外营力地质灾害、地震地质、环境地质、旅游地质、农业地质和地球信息科学研究等12 个方面的工作,论述了旅游、环境和土壤地质研究的有关具体方法。  相似文献   

19.
Urbanization is a worldwide historical process. Although China's urbanization started late, it is fast, large in scale, high in resource and energy consumption, and leads to a series of water and thermal environment problems. This paper systematically sorted out the ecological environment challenges faced by Chinese cities under the dual pressures of global climate change and urbanization, such as water shortages and water pollution, increasingly serious urban heat island issues and ecological hydrological disasters. It proposed to solve the problem of urban ecological environment with the theory and means of urban ecohydrology, improve the quality of urbanization in China, and realize livable cities.  相似文献   

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