贻贝提取物对荷瘤鼠抗氧化功能的影响研究

贻贝提取物是以贻贝为原料经提取分离、纯化、浓缩干燥后得到的富硒提取物。有关贻贝富硒提取物的研究国内外尚未见报道。经作者初步研究发现,贻贝提取物能很好地被机体吸收利用,大大提高机体硒水平和抗氧化酶活性［１］。本研究通过对荷瘤鼠以每天一定剂量的贻贝提取物灌胃,观察贻贝提取物对正常荷瘤小鼠组织抗氧化物酶活性及脂质过氧化物含量的影响,以期探讨其抗氧化与抗肿瘤之间的关系。１　材料与方法１．１主要材料与试剂１．１．１　贻贝提取物（ＭＥ）鲜贻贝用匀浆机匀浆,然后经提取、酶解、过滤、沉淀、透析、纯化、浓缩、干燥…     

两种褐藻乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性研究

为了获得具有抗氧化活性的天然海洋生物活性物质 ,本文利用褐藻门马尾藻属的两种海藻———鼠尾藻(SargassumthunbeergiiKuntze)和海黍子 (SargassumKjellamanianumYendo)的乙醇提取物 ,通过对DPPH·清除效率来评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明 ,两种褐藻提取物均有很强的抗氧化活性 ,在酚浓度为30mg/L时对DPPH·清除率分别高达95.5 %和92.3 % ,明显高于茶多酚及人工合成抗氧化剂BHT和TBHQ对DPPH·清除效率 (73.0 %以下 )     

加强鱿鱼资源的加工和综合利用技术研究

鱿鱼已成为一种新的高产渔业资源。为了促进鱿钓生产稳健持续发展 ,应加强对鱿鱼资源的加工和综合利用技术的研究。介绍了鱿鱼的营养价值、加工特性及鱿鱼制品的加工状况 ,并指出了鱿鱼副产物综合利用和深加工的途径     

海藻提取物的抗旱性研究

对不同提取方法获得的海藻提取物在黄瓜叶面上进行喷施效果试验,测定土壤绝对含水量,抗旱系数,叶片相对含水量,叶片自由水、束缚水含量,相对电导率,脯氨酸含量等指标,采用隶属值法进行数据分析,结果表明在9种海藻提取物中,A2(20%海藻提取液)和A7(50%海藻提取液)组增强作物抗旱性最强,具有作为开发研究的可能性。     

小球藻提取物的生物活性研究

研究了小球藻(Chlorella pyenoidosa)酶解提取物(CGF)的主要成分、稳定性及其增强小鼠免疫调节的生理活性功能。CGF中蛋白质、氨基酸、核苷酸、多糖、维生素分别达到56.6%,42.59%,6.8%,4.8%,1.7%。采用75,150,450 mg/(kg·d)剂量经30 d对小鼠喂食,进行免疫调节试验,结果表明,150、450 mg/(kg.d)剂量的小球藻生长因子可以明显增强二硝基氟苯(DNFB)引起的小鼠迟发性超敏反应,对造血功能受损的小鼠有恢复作用, 以及增强小鼠单核-巨噬细胞吞噬功能的作用。实验表明服用CGF可以增强免疫能力。     

曼氏无针乌贼（Sepiella maindroni）精荚器的结构及精荚形成研究

采用活体解剖和组织切片技术对曼氏无针乌贼精荚器结构及精荚形成过程进行了初步研究。结果表明,曼氏无针乌贼精荚器由输精管、粘液腺、放射导管腺、中被膜腺、外被膜腺、硬腺、终腺等腺体组成,依靠结缔组织相连,并外披被膜形成椭圆形囊状结构;精子经输精管输送到粘液腺内,形成精子团;在放射导管腺内,精荚的放射导管结构和外膜、中膜、内膜...     

海洋生物提取物“KEMH”研究Ⅱ．对实验动物免疫功能的影响

报导“ＫＥＭＨ”对昆明种小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明：不同剂量的“ＫＥＭＨ”（１００ｍ／ｋｇ、５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）试验组与环磷酰胺（５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）对照组比较，不论在非特异性免疫或特异性免疫功能方面，经Ｔ检验所得Ｐ值都显示出明显差异：与正常对照组比较则仅限高剂量组（ＫＥＭＨ１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）显示高度明显差异，中剂量组（ＫＥＭＨ５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）略显差异或不显差异，小剂量组（ＫＥＭＨ２５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）基本无差异     

侧扁软柳珊瑚(Subergorgia suberosa)乙醇提取物抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

对中国南海侧扁软柳珊瑚(Subergorgia suberosa)乙醇提取物及其石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相进行了抗氧化和抑菌两种生物活性研究。结果表明:中国南海侧扁软柳珊瑚乙醇提取物及其各萃取相对羟自由基的清除效果好,在50mg/L时清除效率均高于同浓度的合成抗氧化剂TBHQ和BHT;石油醚相、乙酸乙酯相对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除效率优于正丁醇相和乙醇提取物。另外,对5种海洋细菌、4种陆地细菌进行了抑菌活性测定,发现乙醇提取物及其各萃取相对海洋细菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为100g/L左右,对受试陆地细菌未见抑菌作用。     

紫锥菊提取物对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)的非特异性免疫功能的影响

本文旨在探讨肌肉注射不同浓度的紫锥菊提取物对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)的非特异性免疫功能的影响,试验选取体重(250±20)g的大菱鲆作为试验动物,分别注射10、20、40mg/m L浓度的紫锥菊提取物,试验共进行28d,每隔7d采集血液测试非特异性免疫指标,第28天用迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)攻毒,连续观察7d,测定其免疫保护率。结果显示肌肉注射紫锥菊提取物对大菱鲆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和溶菌酶活力(LSZ)的影响极显著(P0.01);对吞噬细胞吞噬率(PP)的影响显著(0.01P0.05),对吞噬细胞呼吸爆发活力的影响极显著(P0.01)。攻毒试验表明,紫锥菊提取物能够降低迟缓爱德华氏菌攻毒后鱼的死亡率,提高其免疫保护率,尤其是40mg/m L组。本试验研究表明,紫锥菊提取物能显著的提高大菱鲆的非特异性免疫功能,且以注射浓度40mg/m L的效果最好。     

近距离照射联合贻贝提取物对荷瘤鼠治疗效果的研究

观察了近距离照射联合贻贝提取物对Ｕ１４鼠免疫功能的影响,以期探讨贻贝提取物在放射治疗中的作用。结果表明,贻贝提取物使荷瘤鼠因近距离照射而下降的免疫指标明显回升,包括脾脏ＮＫ细胞杀伤活性,丝裂原诱发的淋巴细胞转化强度和外周血白细胞总数及脾指数,亦有效增强放疗的治疗效果。     

Estimation of spawning habitats of market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) from field surveys of eggs off Central and Southern California

Like many other loliginid squid, Doryteuthis (Loligo) opalescens deposits egg cases on the ocean floor. Depending upon temperature, egg cases may persist for 5–12 weeks before the paralarvae hatch. Because of this relatively long duration and squid’s pelagic life history, egg cases provide a practical life stage to survey. During 2001–2002, squid egg beds in Monterey Bay, Carmel Bay, and around the California Channel Islands were surveyed using a remotely operated vehicle with the goal of delineating the habitat of egg beds that are spawned during active commercial fishing. Egg cases were highly aggregated and densities reached 1338 capsules m⁻². Squid eggs were significantly shallower in Central California. Egg cases occurred between 20 and 93 m around the Channel Islands, and in Central California they were between 13 and 61 m. The temperatures in both regions were similar (10–12 °C), with some eggs in Southern California found up to 14.4 °C. Ninety-five percent of eggs were found on sand, suggesting that temperature and substrate are stronger behavioral cues than depth to stimulate spawning. Suitable spawning habitat was defined by three criteria: sandy benthic substrate, temperatures between 10 and 14.4 °C, and depths between 20 and 70 m when the first two criteria hold. Additionally, within this defined area, oxygen concentration is quantified. The greatest commercial landings of market squid occur in both Central and Southern California during a time of year when water temperatures of 10–12 °C are prevalent in the 20–70 m depth range.     

Oceanographic influences on the distribution and relative abundance of market squid paralarvae (Doryteuthis opalescens) off the Southern and Central California coast

Market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) are ecologically and economically important to the California Current Ecosystem, but populations undergo dramatic fluctuations that greatly affect food web dynamics and fishing communities. These population fluctuations are broadly attributed to 5–7‐years trends that can affect the oceanography across 1,000 km areas; however, monthly patterns over kilometer scales remain elusive. To investigate the population dynamics of market squid, we analysed the density and distribution of paralarvae in coastal waters from San Diego to Half Moon Bay, California, from 2011 to 2016. Warming local ocean conditions and a strong El Niño event drove a dramatic decline in relative paralarval abundance during the study period. Paralarval abundance was high during cool and productive La Niña conditions from 2011 to 2013, and extraordinarily low during warm and eutrophic El Niño conditions from 2015 to 2016 over the traditional spawning grounds in Southern and Central California. Market squid spawned earlier in the season and shifted northward during the transition from cool to warm ocean conditions. We used a general additive model to assess the variability in paralarval density and found that sea surface temperature (SST), zooplankton displacement volume, the log of surface chlorophyll‐a, and spatial and temporal predictor variables explained >40% of the deviance (adjusted r² of .29). Greatest paralarval densities were associated with cool SST, moderate zooplankton concentrations and low chlorophyll‐a concentrations. In this paper we explore yearly and monthly trends in nearshore spawning for an economically important squid species and identify the major environmental influences that control their population variability.