海水池塘施肥混养滤食性鱼贝的初步研究

实验于１９９５年７月１０日至９月１６日,在烟台市黄海水产集团公司第二养虾场进行。采用围隔生态系实验法,利用４个海水池塘陆基围隔（５ｍ×５ｍ）初步研究了台湾红罗非鱼（Ｏｒｅ－ｏｃｈｒｏｍｉｓｍｏｓｓａｍｂｉｃｕｓ×Ｏ．ｎｉｌｏｔｉｃｕｓ）与菲律宾蛤仔（Ｒｕｄｉｔａｐｅｓｐｈｉｌｉｐｐｉｎａｒｕｍ）施肥混养的效果。结果表明：菲律宾蛤仔的生产力为１．２４ｇ／ｍ２·ｄ,负荷力为３８３０．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２;罗非鱼的生产力为１．８６ｇ·（ｍ２·ｄ）－１,负荷力为１５８０．８ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。鱼贝对施入氮、磷的利用率分别为１５．０６％和６．８０％,比单养罗非鱼要高;总生产力和总负荷力都明显高于单养罗非鱼。     

渤海中部海域海底热扩散率及恒温层深度研究

利用渤海中部海域泥温实测资料，计算出该海域海底热扩散率及恒温层深度。结果表明，８＃平台处的热扩散率为０．００１～０．００５ｃｍ２ｓ－１，Ａ（Ｂ）平台处为０．００２～０．０１０ｃｍ２ｓ－１。恒温层深度８＃平台处为８ｍ，Ａ（Ｂ）平台处１０ｍ，也有差异。与陆地比较，海底恒温层深度较浅，且水深越深恒温层深度越浅。     

夏季台湾海峡海流计算Ⅱ

本文在σ坐标下建立了一个半诊断计算及预报计算的数值模式，应用于台湾海峡夏季时三维海流计算。计算结果表明，当ｔ＝２．５ｄ时，密度场和速度场得到调整，即得到半诊断解，当ｔ＝４０ｄ以后，解已达到准稳定态；半诊断及预报计算的结果在定性上是与诊断计算结果一致。但它们在定量上有些变化，如表层台湾岛西岸附近的最大水平流速，在ｔ＝０时（诊断）为５９．１ｃｍ／ｓ，ｔ＝２．５ｄ时（半诊断）为６２．１ｃｍ／ｓ，ｔ＝３００ｄ时（预报）为６２．０ｃｍ／ｓ．此外，在半诊断及预报计算中，上升流也主嵰⑸诟＝ń兜龋魉偌忧浚段б灿兴┐蟆     

南麂列岛海域微小型底栖藻类生态研究

本文首次报道南麂列岛海域沉积物中的微型（２～２０μｍ）、小型（２０～２００μｍ）藻类组成、数量分布及其与环境因子的关系。经初步鉴定，沉积物中共有微小型藻类２４属７１种，其中小型的底栖圆筛藻属Ｃｏｓｃｉｎｏｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｐｐ．为２１种，广布于整个海区，春季平均细胞密度为（１０．４±３．６）×１０３个／ｃｍ２，占总密度的６５．４％；微型藻以中肋骨条藻Ｓｋｅｌｅｔｏｎｅｍａｃｏｓｔａｔｕｍ占优势，秋季平均细胞密度为（４２６２．８±１１９２８．２）×１０３个／ｃｍ２，占总细胞密度的９８．９％，主要分布在沿岸区。对０～１２ｃｍ柱状样品中细胞密度分层分析结果表明，０～２ｃｍ层的细胞密度大于２～５ｃｍ层大于５～１２ｃｍ层。沿岸区（１，２，５，６，７，８，９站）的种类和细胞密度高于岙口（３站）、远岸（１０站）及水道区（４站）。根据微小型底栖藻类组成特点，可划分为三个生态类群：广布性类群、暖水性类群和温带性类群。微小型底栖藻类密度与营养盐浓度的季节变化密切相关，秋季高于春季。     

不同孔距固定气泡幕对黑鲷的阻拦效果

于１９８７年３月－１９８８年１月，在室内水池中观测孔径为０．５ｍｍ，孔距分别为２．５，５．０，７．５，１０．０，２０．０ｃｍ５中固定气泡幕的视觉特征和声学特征；对孔距分别为５．０，１０．０和２０．０ｃｍ３种气泡幕对黑鲷的阻拦作用予以重点分析研究，以期探讨适合阻拦黑鲷的最适孔距。结果表明，这３种气泡幕对黑鲷都具有明显的阻拦作用，平均阻拦率分别为７５．１％，５５．５和５４．５％；其中，以５．０ｃｍ孔距     

女川湾附近的长周期波Ⅲ

根据湾顶Ｋｏｎｏｒｉｈａｍａ站和湾外Ｅｎｏｓｈｉｍａ站１９７２年５月至１９７３年５月Ｉａ的观测资料研究了女川湾的假潮特征，在Ｋｏｎｏｒｉｈａｍａ站经常出现７－１１ｃｍ全振幅假潮，最大达３１ｃｍ。     

湛江港污损生物挂板试验

１９９１年４月至１９９２年３月在湛江港内的试验浮筏上进行了污损生物周年挂板调查。共记录５９种生物。优势种是浒苔Ｅｎｔｅｒｍｏｒｐｈａ ｓｐ．和网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓ ｒｅｌｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ。表层月板附着量变化幅度１０．０－２５０．０ｇ．ｍ＾－２，底层月板附着量变化幅度为３．０－５６８０．５ｇ．ｍ＾－２，年板全年附着量炒２２３４７．１ｇ．ｍ＾－２。     

湛江港污损生物挂板试验

１９９１年４月至１９９２年３月在湛江港内的试验浮筏上进行了污损生物周年挂板调查。共记录５９种生物。优势种是浒苔Ｅｎｔｅｒｍｏｒｐｈａｓｐ．和网纹藤壶Ｂａｌａｎｕｓｒｅｔｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ。表层月板附着量变化幅度１０．０—２５０．０ｇ·ｍ－２，底层月板附着量变化幅度为３．０—５６８０．５ｇ·ｍ－２，年板全年附着量为２２３４７·１ｇ·ｍ－２。     

黑鲷和青石斑鱼对气泡幕反应的比较

在室内水池中观察了黑鲷（Ｓｐａｒｕｓｍａｃｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ）和青石斑鱼（Ｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｅｌｕｓａｗｏａｒａ）对孔径０．５ｍｍ、孔距５．０ｃｍ，空气压力０．２５ｋｇ／ｃｍ２固定气泡幕的反应。结果表明，气泡幕对两种海水鱼都有显著的阻拦作用，平均阻拦率分别为黑鲷７５．１％、青石斑鱼８２．４％。分析显示，气泡幕对两种鱼的阻拦率间无显著差异。在本实验中，该两种鱼对气泡幕均无明显的适应现象     

厦门黄厝文昌鱼保护区监测与研究

本文报道了１９９４年７月至１９９５年７月厦门黄厝文昌鱼自然保护区的监测结果。表明该区文昌鱼的数量较大，（平均密度１４２尾／ｍ＾２，平均生物量８．１０ｇ／ｍ＾２），体长组成以１１－４０ｍｍ为多，其性成熟主要在４月上、中旬，生殖期集中在４月下旬至５月上旬；文昌鱼栖息地义南类型以粗中砂为主，有机质含量较低，平均０．１４（ｍ／ｍ）；区内底栖生物５８种，种类以多毛类，软体动物和甲壳动物为主，数量则以棘皮动物     

Measurements of east Tushima Current in winter and estimation of its seasonal variability

The Tushima Current in the east channel was measured in a site of the strong current between Tushima and Iki Islands for 43 days of the winter in 1986. The primary results are:First, it was highly barotropic and flowed northeastward with a mean speed of about 20 cm sec^–1. Second, it was decelerated by northeast winds rather than by northwest winds in a frequency range of 0.3 and 0.4 cpd. Third, the scale analysis showed that the Tushima Current is approximately in geostrophic balance. The best empirical relationship between the measured Tushima Current and cross-channel adjusted sea level difference is given by

A review of the shelf-slope circulation along Australia’s southern shelves: Cape Leeuwin to Portland

A review is presented of the ocean circulation along Australia’s southern shelves and slope. Uniquely, the long, zonal shelf is subject to an equatorward Sverdrup transport that gives rise to the Flinders Current - a small sister to the world’s major Western Boundary Currents. The Flinders Current is strongest near the 600 m isobath where the current speeds can reach 20 cm/s and the bottom boundary layer is upwelling favourable. It is larger in the west but likely intermittent in both space and time due to possibly opposing winds, thermohaline circulation and mesoscale eddies. The Flinders Current may be important to deep upwelling within the ubiquitous canyons of the region.During winter, the Leeuwin Current and local winds act to drive eastward currents that average up to 20-30 cm/s. The currents associated with the intense coastal-trapped wave-field (6-12 day band) are of order 25-30 cm/s and can peak at 80-90 cm/s. Wintertime winds and cooling also lead to downwelling to depths of 200 m or more and the formation of dense coastal water within the Great Australian Bight and the South Australian Sea. Within the Great Australian Bight, the thermohaline circulation associated with this dense water is unknown, but may enhance the eastward shelf-edge, South Australian Current. The dense salty water formed within Spencer Gulf is known to cascade as a gravity current to depths of 200 m off Kangaroo Island. This dense water outflow and meanders in the shelf circulation also fix the locations of a sequence of quasi-permanent mesoscale eddies between the Eyre Peninsula and Portland.During summer, the average coastal winds reverse and surface heating leads to the formation of warm water in the western Great Australian Bight and the South Australian Sea. No significant exchange of shelf water and gulf water appears to occur due to the presence of a dense, nutrient-rich (sub-surface) pool that is upwelled off Kangaroo Island. The winds lead to weak average coastal currents (<10 cm/s) that flow to the north-west. In the Great Australian Bight, the wind stress curl can lead to an anticyclonic circulation gyre that can result in shelf-break downwelling in the western Great Australian Bight and the formation of the eastward, South Australian Current. In the east, upwelling favourable winds and coastal-trapped waves can lead to deep upwelling events off Kangaroo Island and the Bonney Coast that occur over 3-10 days and some 2-4 times a season. The alongshore currents here can be large (∼40 cm/s) and the vertical scales of upwelling are of order 150 m (off Kangaroo Island) and 250 m (off the Bonney Coast).Increasing evidence suggests that El Nino events (4-7 year period) can have a major impact on the winter and summer circulation. These events propagate from the Pacific Ocean and around the shelf-slope wave-guide of West Australia and into the Great Australian Bight. During winter El Nino events, the average shelf currents may be largely shut-down. During summer, the thermocline may be raised by up to 150 m. The nature and role of tides and surface waves is also discussed along with uncertainties in the general circulation and future research.     

Wind and current patterns in an arctic coast Lagoon

The response of wind-drift currents to the prevailing summer wind regime is reported for Simpson Lagoon on the Beaufort Sea (Arctic Ocean) coast of Alaska. Wind and current measurements were taken over the period July 17 to October 20 and August 11 to September 18, 1972, respectively, at a site eastward of the Colville River delta. Mean wind speeds and the frequency of occurrence of westerly storms tend to increase from July to October. Prevailing currents within the lagoon are towards the W to NW driven by the prevailing northeasterly winds. Relatively rapid reversals of current direction occur in response to alternating easterly and westerly winds. Cross correlations of power spectra of the filtered E-W components of the lagoon current record with the concurrent wind data gave a periodicity of 4–5 days at a 70% level of coherence. A linear correlation of −0·83 was obtained between the E-W components of the filtered current record and the wind record, and net water transport (from a progressive current vector analysis) over this period was determined to be towards the WNW with a mean vector velocity of 10·6 cm/sec.     

Hydrographic and atmospheric analysis of an autumnal upwelling event in the Ria of Vigo (NW Iberian Peninsula)

An autumnal upwelling event was observed in the Ria of Vigo (NW Iberian Peninsula) on 15th November 2001. This event was analyzed by means of thermohaline variables measured at CTD stations located in the study area, satellite sea surface temperature and wind data provided by QuikSCAT. Salinity and temperature distributions revealed that the upwelled water mass was Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACW), typically observed during summer upwelling events. However, previous to the upwelling event, the characteristic autumnal body of water was recorded on 31st October 2001. Subsequent sea surface temperature and upwelling index corroborated the presence of an autumnal upwelling event of approximately 15 days duration. The probability of upwelling-favorable winds (from 1999 to 2004) was lower during autumn–winter than during spring–summer, although they may occur at any time of the year. Probabilities of 45% were calculated for February and November, with the highest probability (65%) corresponding to July.     

A seasonal carbon budget for the sub-Antarctic Ocean, South of Australia

Changes from winter (July) to summer (February) in mixed layer carbon tracers and nutrients measured in the sub-Antarctic zone (SAZ), south of Australia, were used to derive a seasonal carbon budget. The region showed a strong winter to summer decrease in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC;  45 µmol/kg) and fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO₂;  25 µatm), and an increase in stable carbon isotopic composition of DIC (δ¹³C_DIC;  0.5‰), based on data collected between November 1997 and July 1999.The observed mixed layer changes are due to a combination of ocean mixing, air–sea exchange of CO₂, and biological carbon production and export. After correction for mixing, we find that DIC decreases by up to 42 ± 3 µmol/kg from winter (July) to summer (February), with δ¹³C_DIC enriched by up to 0.45 ± 0.05‰ for the same period. The enrichment of δ¹³C_DIC between winter and summer is due to the preferential uptake of ¹²CO₂ by marine phytoplankton during photosynthesis. Biological processes dominate the seasonal carbon budget (≈ 80%), while air–sea exchange of CO₂ (≈ 10%) and mixing (≈ 10%) have smaller effects. We found the seasonal amplitude of fCO₂ to be about half that of a study undertaken during 1991–1995 [Metzl, N., Tilbrook, B. and Poisson, A., 1999. The annual fCO₂ cycle and the air–sea CO₂ flux in the sub-Antarctic Ocean. Tellus Series B—Chemical and Physical Meteorology, 51(4): 849–861.] for the same region, indicating that SAZ may undergo significant inter-annual variations in surface fCO₂. The seasonal DIC depletion implies a minimum biological carbon export of 3400 mmol C/ m² from July to February. A comparison with nutrient changes indicates that organic carbon export occurs close to Redfield values (ΔP:ΔN:ΔC = 1:16:119). Extrapolating our estimates to the circumpolar sub-Antarctic Ocean implies a minimum organic carbon export of 0.65 GtC from the July to February period, about 5–7% of estimates of global export flux. Our estimate for biological carbon export is an order of magnitude greater than anthropogenic CO₂ uptake in the same region and suggests that changes in biological export in the region may have large implications for future CO₂ uptake by the ocean.     

青岛近海地区SO2和SO42-干沉降速率的季节变化

用小麦岛和团岛观测站提供的青岛近海气象和水温资料,以适于SO2气体和硫酸盐(SO42-)气溶胶的干沉降模型研究了模型中的输送阻尼对两种污染物质干沉降速率的贡献,并计算了2003年青岛近海地区两种污染物质干沉降速率的季节变化。结果表明:对SO2而言,粘性副层传输系数对沉降速率的贡献大于空气动力学传输系数;对于SO42-,空气动力学传输系数对沉降速率的贡献要大于表面传输系数。SO2和SO42-的干沉降速率变化范围分别为0.187~0.868cm/s和0.188~0.532cm/s。两种污染物质干沉降速率的四季变化有相似的规律,即冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。     

COARE算法估算海气界面热通量的个例对比分析

本文先对NCEP分析风、QSCAT/NCEP混合风、MM5中尺度模式分析风场进行了比对分析,发现具有高分辨率的QSCAT/NCEP混合风资料给出的高风速数值较好,但给出的高风速开始时间相对较早;NCEP分析风资料给出的高风速数值明显偏小;MM5分析风场较为可信,只不过模拟的高风速数值还是相对偏小.使用COARE算法（版本3.0）计算了四种资料情况下的渤、黄海海域一次冷空气大风过程的海表面湍流热通量,并与MM5诊断分析结果进行了对比分析.结果发现相同资料情况下,MM5结果跟COARE算法所算海气热通量（包括感热和潜热）在区域分布和时间变化规律上均较为一致,中、低风速情况下,结果比较接近;但是高风速情况下两者差异显著.     

山东大风天气的低频特征及机理分析

利用山东省122个国家级地面气象观测站的风速数据与欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的ERA-interim再分析数据,采用小波分析、带通滤波等方法对2015年9月—2020年9月山东的大风天气及相应的低频大气环流形势进行分析.结果表明,近几年山东的大风天气有增加的趋势,春季大风发生频次最多,秋季最少;山东半岛东部...     

Seasonal variability of the sea surface height in the East China Sea along the China coast: A model study

The phase of the sea surface height annual variation in the East China Sea along China’s continental coast is delayed from that in the open ocean area, most probably because of seasonal strong monsoon winds. To elucidate this mechanism, we conducted an idealized model experiment using a rectangular shallow ocean with a sloped seafloor forced by southward blowing winds. We obtain a locally confined high SSH near the western boundary found in the East China Sea. The delay of the phase of the sea surface height (SSH) along the China coast can be interpreted as follows. The SSH of the East China Sea is high over large areas in September and low in March due to the expansion/contraction of seawater, which is attributable to the sea surface heat flux. However, near the continental boundary SSH becomes high in January and low in July under the influence of a monsoon winds. The phase delay along the continental boundary should appear by superposing these two time series with a phase difference near the boundary.