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大陆动力学已经成为当今固体地球物理各领域研究的主导方向。大陆动力学涉及问题非常广泛,但核心问题是大陆形变及其动力学。地震各向异性是地球动力学过程的指示器,根据地震各向异性的研究结果,可以推断上地幔物质的流动或变形,有助于了解地球内部的应力状态和地球的演化过程。 相似文献
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《中国地壳上地幔地球物理探测》一书,由国家地震局科技监测司领导的编写组编写,并即将由地震出版社出版。地壳上地幔探测是地球物理学的基础工作,它不仅可以从静态角度了解地壳上地幔的结构构造、物质组成、物质状态,而且还可以从动态角度研究地球的动力学、动力史,研究深部地质作用原理,探索地球深部运动的过程 相似文献
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喜马拉雅山系的崛起、青藏高原的隆升以及与成山、成岩、成盆、成矿和成灾相关的深层过程是东亚乃至全球地球动力学研究中最为重要的科学事件.1958年始在柴达木盆地的地震反射探测与地壳、上地幔精细结构和大陆动力学研究开启了青藏高原地球内部研究的先河,半个世纪以来它影响并引导着我国这一科学领域的发展和前进.本文为纪念地壳与上地幔精细结构和大陆动力学在中国的诞生而作.柴达木盆地壳、幔精细结构地震反射探测结果表明:柴达木盆地的沉积层巨厚可达15~19 km,且存在着迴折波和不同类型与路径的多次波.地壳厚达50~52 km,且存在着高速梯度夹层和低速层.Moho界带为由高、低速相间的薄层束组构,且上地幔顶部纵波速度为8.1 km/s.从这一基点出发,对包括柴达木盆地在内的青藏高原地球深部与地球动力学研究中的几个科学问题进行了思考!为今后青藏高原地球物理深化研究的内涵和布局提出了初步的见解. 相似文献
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本文论述了上地幔各向异性的参数描述和主要证据,以及与地球动力学的关系。并就近几年来国外利用地震面波研究上地幔各向异性的重要成果和主要方法作了综合评述。 相似文献
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青藏高原是印度板块向欧亚板块碰撞俯冲的产物,其地壳上地幔结构复杂,深部结构是青藏高原隆升动力学机制研究的基础和关键。在近期的青藏高原地球动力学研究中,壳幔变形和耦合的问题是当前研究的热点之一。本文试图利用青藏高原及其周边的宽频带数字记录做Rayleigh面波的层析成像,以获得青藏高原及邻区从地壳到岩石圈地幔的群速度和方位各 相似文献
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《国际地震动态》1992,(3)
地球深部研究联合会(SEDI)是一个致力于研究地球深部的国际科学组织。SEDI 的宗旨是,增进对地球深部的过去演变,当前地热、动力和化学等状态以及这些状态如何影响地球表面构造和观测过程的了解。地球深部通常是指地核和下地幔,但也可能涉及地表,例如,在地幔热柱的研究方面。SEDI 的科研课题和攻关难点包括地磁动力和长期变化、古地磁和地球深部的演变、地核成分,构造和动力学、发电机能量学和内核构造、地核的冷却和核-幔边界区、核-幔边界形状、耦合和地球的自转、下地幔的构造、对流和热柱等。自1987年以来,SEDI 一直是国际大地测量与地球物理联合会(IUGG)的一个内部委员会。因此它跨 IUGG 的一些协会的传统学 相似文献
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斜贯中国东部地区的大兴安岭 -太行山 -武陵山重力梯级带是一条地壳深部构造变异带。选择与其中段———太行山重力梯级带相垂直的阜平 -定州剖面 ,利用人工地震测深与布格重力异常资料 ,进行了地壳 -上地幔密度反演分析。结果表明 ,该剖面的地壳 -上地幔密度分布具有明显的不均匀性。总体特征是剖面西部密度较低 ,东部密度较高 ,地壳厚度的横向变化基本上决定了布格重力异常梯级带的形成。结合华北地区的中新生代构造演化 ,认为太行山重力梯级带是燕山期以后形成的 ,它与板块之间的相互作用及上地幔热物质的运动相关 相似文献
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CHARACTERISTICS OF MULTI-SCALE GRAVITY FIELD VARIATION AND SEISMOGENIC MECHANISM ANALYSIS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN TIBETAN PLATEAU
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CHEN Zhao-hui MENG Xiao-hong ZHANG Shuang-xi LIU Jin-zhao WANG Tong-qing ZHANG Pin WEI Shao-gang 《地震地质》2019,41(3):690-703
As the most basic geophysical field, the earth gravity field has achieved wide attention, and its spatial anomaly characteristics and dynamic variation can provide important scientific basis for studying the internal structure and dynamics of the Earth. Based on the mobile gravity observation data of the southeastern Tibetan plateau from 2013 to 2016, the dynamic variation tendency and anomaly characteristics of the regional gravity field in different temporal resolutions are obtained before and after the Ludian and Jinggu earthquakes in the study area respectively. The method of wavelet multi-scale decomposition is used to analyze the relationships of gravity field variation with the earth movement, material density change, and strong earthquake preparation. The deep material variation, dynamic process and the mechanism of earthquake inoculation in the southeastern Tibetan plateau are further discussed. Results indicate that the gravity field variation in the source region before the Ludian and Jinggu earthquake respectively is characterized by obvious positive and negative anomalous transition zone and gradient zone that are consistent with the direction of fault tectonics, suggesting the strong crustal movement and mass migration during the earthquake incubation period. The result of wavelet multi-scale decomposition of the gravity field during the period from September 2013 to April 2014 shows that the gravity field variation at different depth and space scale in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau is significantly correlated with seismic distribution and the location of active fault zone. This indicates that the earthquake inoculation in the study area is closely related to the fault movement and the distribution of material density in the crust and upper mantle, which may be affected by the complex deep dynamic process of the material migration in the crust and mantle. The characteristic that strong earthquakes always occur near positive and negative anomaly transition zones and gradient zones of gravity field change is preliminarily explained, based on the dynamic process of material migration in the crust and upper mantle of the southeastern Tibetan plateau. The research results of this paper have some reference value to the study on the earth movement and seismogenic mechanism. 相似文献
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根据我国11平均布格重力异常图,采用Parker-Oldenbug位场反演方法,做了全国范围的三维重力反演。Parker的位场理论公式不仅数学上严密,而且运算速度甚高。本文将近些年大量的地震测深资料做为三维模型的控制点输入,并对反演计算采取了多种措施,以改善结果的合理性。本研究不仅得到了中国地区地壳厚度的分布,还首次给出了至120公里深处上地幔的密度分布。 结果表明,地壳厚度自东部沿海地区30——40公里逐渐增至青藏高原大部分地区的68公里,东部变化平缓,西部复杂,与大地构造有一定对应性。青藏高原及西部地区的上地幔密度总体偏高,一般3.40——3.65克/厘米3。东部广大区域在3.23——3.30克/厘米3。东部重力梯度带反映着下地壳与上地幔中一条深层构造带的存在,它不仅是地壳厚度陡变带,也是上地幔中的高密度带(3.29——3.35克/厘米3),具有大区域性的控制作用。重力的均衡调整是青藏高原隆起的重要因素之一。 作者初步推断,中国地区的上地幔可大体分为青藏高原区、中部过渡区和东部正常区等三个大区,反映着上地幔结构的横向不均匀性。据此,本文解释了某些地球物理现象。 相似文献
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统一的晚第三纪青藏高原面和云南高原面,早更新世后完全分裂解体,海拔高度分别为4500~5000m和2000~2500m。二者间的北东向块断过渡带,地形自西北向东南层层倾斜、陡降,构成青藏高原东南缘,其鲜明的构造地貌、最新断裂活动、广泛的水热显示、强烈的地震活动表明这是一条现代构造活动带。跨该带的两期GPS测量结果(1992,1994)揭示其为NW-SE向拉张性质,地壳与上地幔结构特征支持其属热动力和重力均衡调整边界 相似文献
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TAN Hong-bo SHEN Chong-yang XUAN Song-bai WU Gui-ju YANG Guang-liang WANG Jian 《地震地质》2017,39(2):356-373
The main rupture of Ludian MS6.5 earthquake is directed to the northwest, which occurred in the east of Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone. The epicenter is in the transitional zone of the Sichuan-Yunnan block and the South China block, where there are many slip and nappe structures. Some controversy still remains on the earthquake tectonic environment. So, Bouguer gravity anomalies calculated by EGM2008 were broken down into 1-5 ranks using the way of Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT), then we get the lateral heterogeneity in different depths of the crust. The distribution characteristics of Bouguer gravity anomaly are analyzed using measured gravity profile data. We also get its normalized full gradient(NFG)picture, and study the differences between different depths in crust. The results show that: (1)the characteristic of Buoguer gravity anomaly in southwest to northeast is high-low-high between the Lianfeng Fault(LFF)and Zhaotong-Ludian Fault(ZLF). The mainshock and aftershocks are distributed in the middle of the low-value zone, which means that the east moving materials of Qinghai-Tibet plateau broke through the southern section of Lianfeng Fault(LFF), moving along the Baogunao-Xiaohe zone(low-value belt)to the southeast, stopped by the Zhaotong-Ludian Fault(ZLF), and then earthquake occurred.(2)The third-order discrete wavelet transform(DWT)details show that: there is a good consistency between the negative gravity anomaly in upper crust and the distribution of major faults, which reflects that the rupture caused by the movements of the faults in crust has reduced gravity anomaly. There is a NW-trending negative anomaly belt near the epicenter, which may has some relationship to the southward development of the Daliangshan Fault(DLSF). So we speculate that the southward movement of Daliangshan Fault is the main direct force source of Ludian earthquake.(3)In the picture of the fourth-order DWT details, there is an obvious positive gravity anomaly under the epicenter of Ludian earthquake, which confirms the presence of a high-density body in the middle crust. While the fifth-order DWT details show that: A positive anomaly belt is below the epicenter too, which may be caused by mantle material intruding to the lower crust. Tensile force in crust caused by mantle uplift and extrusion-torsion force caused by Indian plate push are the main force source in the tensile and strike slip movement of the Ludian earthquake.(4)The normalized total gradient of Bouguer gravity anomalies of Huili-Ludian-Zhaotong profile shows that: there is obvious ‘deformation’ in the Xiaojiang fault zone which dips to the east and controls the local crust movement. There is a local ‘constant body’ at the bottom of the epicenter. The stable constant body in density has limiting effects to the earthquake rupture, which is the reason that the earthquake rupture' scale in strike and in depth are limited.(5)The ability of earthquake preparation in Zhaotong-Ludian Fault is lower than the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone, and the maximum earthquake capacity in this area should be around magnitude 7. 相似文献
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羌塘盆地及周边地带地球物理场与油气深部构造背景初探 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:7
本文对已有的地球物理场资料、地壳与上地幔结构的概略展布以及青藏的高原的大地构造格局进行了综合分析。结果表明:该区沉积层巨厚,重力场表现为负异常,地壳底部与上地幔顶部相对周边造山带上隆,低速异常分布,地幔对流向生此向下聚集,这些要素提出:羌塘盆地具有构成新油气田的深部构造背景和地球物理场特征,基于这些初步认识,文中最后提出了对该盆地进行深化研究的建议。 相似文献
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利用穿过青藏高原东北缘的两条地震测深剖面提供的PMP波形资料,研究了该区不同构造单元壳幔过渡带的复杂性、频谱特征和速度模型.结果表明, 鄂尔多斯盆地和陵中盆地Moho具有稳定的构造特征,壳幔耦合为简单的一级间断面;海原地震区和巴颜喀拉地块与柴达木地块结合带莫霍面具有明显的活动迹象,壳幔耦合为复杂的高、低速相间的多层壳幔过渡带,总厚度达到20多千米.不同构造单元的莫霍面差异性反映了研究区壳幔耦合层的非均匀特征;海原地震区和玛沁断裂壳幔过渡带的细结构差异, 则反映了两个陆 陆碰撞带不同的深部物质结构与地块之间的相互作用结果. 相似文献
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伊通地堑上地幔剪切带 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
通过研究糜棱岩型幔源包体的变形显微构造、位错亚构造及组构特征,确定它是上地幔剪切带的代表物质。该带形成温度为729~828℃、压力为1.10~1.38GPa、差异应力为97~150MPa、应变速率为IO ̄(-14)~1O ̄(-12)s ̄(-1)、等效粘滞度为10~1000EPa·s和深度为37~45km。这是一种与地幔底辟作用有关的规模较小的缓倾斜剪切带,也是应变集中带,能导致上地幔地震波速各向异性,并与地震活动有关 相似文献