某黄金矿山地下应力的计算

一般认为地应力的形成主要与地球的各种动力运动有关，且构造应力场与重力场是地应力的主要组成部分。以某黄金矿山为例，以地球物理学的基本观点及地球重力场理论为指导，得出重力所致竖向地应力和水平地应力的表达式；认为地下应力产生的最根本原因在于重力(地心引力)，重力不仅可以产生竖向地应力，而且还可以产生水平地应力。计算证明黄金矿山(地下工程)水平地应力远大于竖向地应力。地壳内黄金矿山采掘巷道所受的各种压力均来源于地心对岩土(石)的引力。     

铜陵地区黄金矿山尾矿资源的综合利用

随着黄金开发规模的扩大和开采历史的延长,黄金矿山尾矿多采用库存方式处理,尾矿堆积量逐年增加,不仅占用大量的土地,造成库区周围环境污染,而且还需要投入大量的资金用于尾矿库的修筑和维护管理工作.因此,对于1g/t左右的黄金矿山尾矿的综合利用,已成为各黄金矿山资源综合利用和环境的工作重点之一.铜陵地区的黄金资源开发,随着矿山开采年代久远,高品位矿石已成下降趋势,因此对往日排弃的尾矿显得重视起来.我公司通过对这种排弃的尾矿勘查、研究,经过经济分析,大部分尾矿具有较好的经济价值.对于这种不可再生的矿产资源的研究,为今后的黄金矿山可持续发展、资源综合利用及生态环境保护提供了科学依据.     

把延长黄金矿山服务年限推向21世纪

为了延长黄金矿山服务年限 ,提出五条措施 :1增加探矿储量 ,2认真贯彻采掘技术政策 ,3加强管理 ,提高各项技术经济指标 ,4搞好综合回收和综合利用 ,5给矿山企业优惠政策     

危机黄金矿山增储的主要评价途径

通过研究实例较系统地讨论了危机矿山增储的主要评价途径 ,在充分分析区域成矿地质背景的基础上 ,以成矿地质条件为依据 ,突破旧观念 ,对控矿因素进行优势分析 ,设计一套科学的评价途径 ,是危机黄金矿山增储评价不可缺少的几个环节。     

加快黄金发展步伐的几点思考

本文详细分析了黄金矿产地质勘查、矿山建设及金矿生产等阶段工作的特点及其相互关系,探索性地提出提前建矿,缩短探矿和建设周期的办矿方式,并就如何加快黄金发展步伐问题提出了几点思考。     

斜井安全运输及XRC系列斜井人车

介绍斜井运输所用各种安全装置的技术现状及ＸＲＣ－１,ＸＲＣ－２型纱列斜井人车的技术特点。     

山东牟平邓格庄金矿Ⅱ号脉盲矿体预测地球化学标志

文章总结了邓格庄金矿床Ⅱ号脉元素组合及不同成矿阶段元素含量特征,研究了金矿体的原生晕、石英包裹体气晕-离子晕的轴向分带及其叠加特点,确定了盲矿体预测的原生叠加晕及石英包裹体气晕-离子晕地球化学标志;对深部进行的盲矿体预测取得了较好的效果。     

望儿山金矿Ⅴ号矿体的构造控矿规律及找矿方向

对望儿山金矿床区域构造概况、矿区地质特征、控矿因素、控矿构造分布规律进行了较深入的探讨,分析了矿床成因。并对望儿山金矿床Ⅴ矿体成矿规律进行分析和研究,指出找矿方向,为矿山进一步找矿提供重要依据。     

山东省麻湾金矿区矿床特征及找矿标志

麻湾金矿是胶东金矿集中区一个典型的热液充填—交代蚀变碎裂岩型金矿床.在地质背景分析基础上,对矿区内一新矿段的矿化带、矿体(Ⅰ1与Ⅰ2)、矿石矿物特征,以及围岩蚀变类型进行了较详细总结,并系统分析和归纳了各类找矿标志,指明了找矿的方向.     

玲珑金矿大开头矿区Bi特征及指示意义

在金矿床中,金、铋常常相伴产出,在金矿体周围存在明显的铋异常,它可作为重要的指示元素。笔者研究了玲珑金矿不同岩石中铋与金含量之间的关系,比较了基岩地球化学剖面中两元素的相关性,采用电子探针分析了主要矿石矿物中铋和金的含量,发现不同类型岩石中铋含量差异明显,铋在矿体中含量远高于围岩,在矿区中铋与金呈幂函数正相关,铋原生晕规模大、衬度高,与金都是以独立矿物相形式存在。在玲珑金矿化探找矿中,铋含量高,与金呈较好的正相关关系,是最佳指示元素之一。     

Geological controls on refractory ore in an orogenic gold deposit, Macraes mine, New Zealand

The Macraes mine is hosted in an orogenic (mesothermal) gold deposit in metasedimentary rocks of the Otago Schist belt. Much gold occurs within altered schist with minimal silica-addition, and this study focuses on altered schist ore types. The unmineralized host schists are chemically and mineralogically uniform in composition, but include two end-member rock types: feldspathic schist and micaceous schist. Both rock types have undergone hydrothermal alteration along a shallow-dipping foliation-parallel shear zone, but their different rheological properties have affected the style of mineralisation. Micaceous schist has been extensively recrystallized and hydrothermally altered during ductile deformation, to form ores characterized by abundant, disseminated millimetre-scale pyrite cubes (typically 1–2 wt% S) and minor silicification. The earliest pyrite contained Ni and/or As in solid solution and no gold was imaged in these pyrites or later arsenopyrite grains. The ore type is refractory and gold recovery by cyanide leaching is less than 50%, with lowest recovery in rocks that have been less affected by later brittle deformation. In contrast, hydrothermally altered feldspathic schist is characterized by mineralised black microshears and veinlets formed during shear-zone related brittle deformation. Microsheared ore has relatively low sulphur content (<0.7 wt%) and muscovite has been illitised during hydrothermal alteration. Pyrite and arsenopyrite in microshears are fractured and deformed, and contain 1–10 m blebs of gold. Later pyrite veinlets also contain micron- to submicron-scale inclusions of sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena, and gold (10 microns). Gold in microsheared ore is more readily recoverable than in the refractory ore, although encapsulation of the fine gold grains inhibits cyanidation. Both microsheared ore and disseminated pyritic ore pass laterally into mineralised black shears, which contain hydrothermal graphite and late-stage cataclastic sulphides. This black, sheared ore releases gold readily, but the gold is then adsorbed on to gangue minerals (preg-robbed) and net cyanidation recovery can be less than 50%. Hence, low gold recovery during cyanidation results from (1) poor liberation of gold encapsulated in microcrystalline quartz and unfractured sulphide grains, and (2) preg-robbing of liberated gold during cyanidation. Introduction of pressure-oxidation of ore prior to cynidation has mitigated these issues.     

Kilometre-scale structural setting of ore shoots in the Frasers gold deposit,Macraes mine,New Zealand

The Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone in southern New Zealand contains the circa 10 million ounce Macraes gold deposit, one of the larger Phanerozoic orogenic gold deposits discovered to date globally. Approximately 50% of this 10 million ounce resource is hosted by 5 major ore shoots up to 400 m wide and 1500 m long in the Frasers area at the southern end of the mine. Higher grade (>1.5 g/t Au) ore shoots are located along and immediately below the Hangingwall Shear, the principal strand of the Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone at the Frasers deposit. They typically trend parallel to the intersection of the shear and foliation in the underlying schist, commonly where the foliation dips more steeply that the overlying Hangingwall Shear. Especially thick zones of higher grade mineralised rock are located between the Hangingwall Shear and underlying second order splay shears whose position correlates with minor right-hand bends in the strike of the overlying Hangingwall Shear. Lower grade (<1.2 g/t Au), but economically significant, ore shoots are located within mineralised schists below the Hangingwall Shear. Outer margins of these lower grade ore shoots are generally parallel to the strike of the foliation in the host schist. They are most extensive where open disharmonic folding has resulted in the strike of the foliation diverging from that of the overlying Hangingwall Shear. No correlation exists between the position of any ore shoots and gently dipping jogs in the Hangingwall Shear, despite mineralisation occurring during reverse movement on the Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone. Instead the angular relationship between various strands of the Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone at Frasers and foliation in underlying schists is the most consistent structural feature likely to predict the location, extent, and orientation of ore shoots within the Frasers segment of the Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone.     

涞源龙门金多金属矿普查绿色勘查实践

河北省涞源县龙门金多金属矿普查工作,贯彻绿色勘查理念,对槽探工程、老硐清理、钻探工程按《绿色勘查指南》进行了专项设计并付诸实施。槽探工程施工挖掘的腐植土和碎石就近分开堆放并遮盖,待项目验收合格后,回填腐植土和碎石,最后平整并绿化;老硐清理出的碎石选择离硐口较近的相对平坦的地方堆放,并做好防护工作,最后覆土绿化;钻进工程采用清水和环保泥浆做冲洗液,金刚石单管和绳索取心钻进,提高了效率,减少了对地质环境的影响。机台建设占地少,施工过程中避免油污等的外溢,项目竣工验收后地貌恢复采用植草、自然恢复等绿化方法。绿色勘查充分贯彻了绿水青山就是金山银山的绿色发展理念。     

Geochemical and temperature controls on ore mineralization at the Emperor gold mine, Vatukoula, Fiji

Emperor is a large epithermal gold-tellurium deposit which occurs at the margin of the Tavua caldera and is associated with high-level mineralized tuffs, breccias and silicious sinters. The deposit consists of mainly narrow, steep “shear” and shallow dipping “flatmake” mineralized vein structures. Mineralization spanned a period during which different veins and dyke intrusions occurred so that some early structures are offset by later ones. High Au values and high Au/Ag ratios, corresponding to the intersection of shear and flatmake structures, generally correlate with high Ag, Te and Ba values in some structures (Crown Shear) and high Hg in others (166 Flatmake). Other elements commonly anomalous in the high-grade ore zones are As, Mo and Cu. Thallium, Se and Sb are commonly high below ore zones while Hg may be high above (e.g., Crown Shear), in (166 Flatmake) or even below (e.g., Prince of Wales Shear) ore zones.Gold precipitated in a temperature interval of 180–210°C; higher temperatures commonly occur at depth in some flatmakes (166 N, 608) and lower temperatures nearer the surface. In the two steep shears analyzed, higher temperatures correspond to where they are intersected by flatmakes. Temperatures may decrease below such intersections in which case Hg, Sb, etc., commonly increase with depth.Evidence of boiling, characterized by coexisting gas- and liquid-rich fluid inclusions, is minor and spatially sporadic. Quartz and carbonate found in ore containing bonanza concentrations of Au contain few to no gas-rich fluid inclusions. The intensity of wall-rock alteration is unrelated to gold grades.Ore deposition is inferred to have been caused mainly in response to fluid mixing rather than extensive boiling and/or wall-rock alteration, although these processes occurred. The source of the Au, Ag, Te, etc. is inferred to be near a neutral, relatively reduced, bisulphide-rich, ore solution at near 300°C and derived in some way from the shoshonitic volcanics or associated monzonitic intrusions. The second non-ore solution necessary for mixing, is inferred to have been an acid, oxidized solution at 150°C and having a large meteoric component. The result of fluid mixing was ore genesis, and a telluride, minor sulphide and very minor sulphate (barite) and anhydrite ore assemblage.     

金矿的细菌浸出处理研究

利用细菌对难处理金矿进行浸出处理,具有成本低廉、环境污染小、处理效率高等突出优点,已成为非常有前途的难处理金矿的预处理方法。笔者以河北遵化滑石峪金矿(含金黄铁矿)样品为例,在几种氧化亚铁硫杆菌中发现D3菌种处理此类难浸金矿有显著的增大提金率的效果。在200目粒度条件下,氰化提金率从单纯氰化的63.9%提高到细菌预处理后再氰化的88.2%,而且对100目以下的大粒度金矿,提金率也普遍提高10%以上;此外,还进行了该菌种处理金矿过程的条件实验,如粒度影响、pH值变化和物理方法强化的研究,得出了金矿在细菌氧化过程中的一些规律和在实际操作时的最优化控制条件。     

夹皮沟八家子金矿地质特征成矿规律及矿石加工技术

桦甸市夹皮沟金矿区八家子金矿,产于太古界夹皮沟群下部四道砬河组的变质岩系与岩体的接触部位,岩体为一套基性-中性-酸性火山岩。矿体受构造控制,具有一定的成矿规律。夹皮沟群的下部岩组,由斜长角闪岩、变质安山岩、混合片麻岩夹绢云石英片岩、磁铁石英岩组成。该组是我省最大的金矿产出层位,控制着夹皮沟—板庙子等一系列大中型变质热液型金矿床的分布。