金湖凹陷西斜坡油气运移分子地球化学研究①

应用非烃技术、多馏分绝对定量技术,在分析苏北金湖凹陷原油、烃源岩地球化学特征、油源对比的基础上,重点对吡咯类含氮化合物在岩一油、油一油运移中的分馏效应进行了研究,并对骨架相似的另两类杂原子化合物一氧芴(二苯并呋喃)、硫芴(二苯并噻吩)的运移分馏效应作了初步探讨.结果表明,金湖凹陷西斜坡原油中吡咯类化合物具有较好的运移分馏效应,油气主体运移方向为东北至西南,相邻的三河次凹为其主要的油源区;杂原子化合物一氧芴、硫芴系列运移分馏效应不及吡咯类;绝对定量技术可弥补常规生物标志物在油气二次运移过程中异构体间分馏效应难以观察的不足,可作为继非烃技术后的另一评价油气运移过程的重要工具.     

金湖凹陷西斜坡油气运移分子地球化学研究

应用非烃技术、多馏分绝对定量技术,在分析苏北金湖凹陷原油、烃源岩地球化学特征、油源对比的基础上,重点对吡咯类含氮化合物在岩-油、油-油运移中的分馏效应进行了研究,并对骨架相似的另两类杂原子化合物-氧芴 (二苯并呋喃 )、硫芴 (二苯并噻吩 )的运移分馏效应作了初步探讨。结果表明,金湖凹陷西斜坡原油中吡咯类化合物具有较好的运移分馏效应,油气主体运移方向为东北至西南,相邻的三河次凹为其主要的油源区;杂原子化合物-氧芴、硫芴系列运移分馏效应不及吡咯类;绝对定量技术可弥补常规生物标志物在油气二次运移过程中异构体间分馏效应难以观察的不足,可作为继非烃技术后的另一评价油气运移过程的重要工具。     

东濮凹陷原油含硫化合物的分布特征及其应用

东濮凹陷盐湖相原油中杂原子化合物研究薄弱。采用高分辨率质谱结合色谱-质谱技术,对东濮凹陷盐湖相、淡水湖相原油中的含硫化物进行了检测。结果表明,原油中含有丰富的含硫化合物,S1和O1S1占绝对优势,咸水相原油富含S1类、淡水相原油相对富集O1S1类,指示O1S1/S1具有原始沉积环境指示意义。东濮盐湖相原油中的硫化物富含碳数为C27-35、C40的化合物,与原油中丰富的甾类、藿烷类与β-胡萝卜类化合物碳数相吻合,指示菌藻类、色素类生源的重要贡献。随成熟度增加,硫化物缩合度增加、烷基侧链碳数范围降低,相关参数DBE6/DBE12-S1、DBE3+6/DBE12+15+18-S1等可用于辅助评价原油成熟度。东濮低熟油含有丰富的低热稳定性硫化物,指示富硫干酪根和/或富硫大分子低温降解是低熟油形成的重要机制之一。     

生物降解作用对辽河盆地原油中三芴系列相对组成的影响

借助于定量GC—MS分析技术,系统分析了一组取自辽河油田生物降解程度不同的原油芳烃馏分中三芴系列的组成特征。结果表明在生物降解过程中三芴系列化合物很容易遭受生物降解。母体三芴化合物在原油轻微降解阶段抗降解能力相似,其相对组成保持基本稳定,仍可指示沉积环境的性质;但进入中等及以上程度降解作用后,抗生物降解能力出现差异,相对组成发生变异,失去其环境意义。在甲基三芴系列中,甲基硫芴的抗降解能力强于甲基芴和甲基氧芴,降解速率不一致,组成特征不断变化,使甲基三芴系列相对组成不能指示沉积环境的性质。“三芴系列”被细菌消耗的速率不同,整个生物降解过程中其相对组成都在发生变化,因此对生物降解原油而言,无论其降解程度如何,“三芴系列”相对组成特征均不能有效的指示沉积环境的性质。     

美国南佛罗里达盆地Sunniland原油和油源岩中芳烃的地球化学

本文用GC-MS技术分析了美国南佛罗里达盆地Sunnliand原油和油源岩抽提物中的芳烃,以便探讨碳酸盐岩环境中芳烃的分布特征,并用来重建古环境.Sunnliand原油和油源岩中含较半富的萘、菲、二苯并噻吩和三芳甾烷等化合物,甲基二苯并噻吩异构体呈V型分布.芴、氧芴和硫芴三系列化合物的相对含量以及其他地球化学特征如:Pr/Ph<1、正烷烃在C₂₂-C₃₀范围内呈偶碳优势、无或很少有二环倍半萜、含丰富的含硫芳烃等,指示Sunnliand原油和油源岩形成于海相强还原高盐环境.Sunnliand原油和油源岩中检出的一些化合物如:D环芳构化8,14-断藿烷、长链烷基苯、长链烷基苯并噻吩以及很高的延伸藿烷(C₃₁-C₃₅)和C₂₄、C₂₆四环萜烷表明Sunniland有机质有细菌输入.成熟度参数指示Sunniland原油和油源岩属未成熟至低成熟.     

江汉盆地西南缘原油中含硫化合物的分布特征及其地球化学意义

对江汉盆地西南缘12个原油样品中含硫化合物分布特征的研究表明,原油中二苯并噻吩系列化合物和苯并萘并噻吩系列化合物分别占芳烃总量的4.61%～9.79%和0.27%～1.32%,与烃源岩中含硫化合物的含量一致,反映原油中含硫化合物的含量与沉积环境有关.原油含硫化合物的内组成表明,咸水环境有利于二甲基二苯并噻吩和三甲基二苯并噻吩系列化合物的相对富集.4-甲基二苯并噻吩/1-甲基二苯并噻吩峰面积比值(MDR)在低成熟阶段(Ro＜0.7%)的变化范围较小,当成熟度进一步增加时,因热稳定性较差的1-甲基二苯并噻吩向其他化合物转化的速度加快,相对丰度降低,而4-甲基二苯并噻吩的相对丰度增加,致使MDR值随成熟度的增加而很快增大.同时,DR值受到沉积条件的影响,可能指示沉积环境的咸水化程度.2 3-甲基二苯并噻吩/二苯并噻吩峰面积比值与4-甲基二苯并噻吩/二苯并噻吩峰面积比值之间表现为正相关,说明2 3-甲基二苯并噻吩与4-甲基二苯并噻吩的形成机理相似,同样受沉积环境和成熟度的影响.     

低熟油、烃源岩中含氮化合物分布规律及其地球化学意义

对八面河地区原油、油砂以及不同成熟度和岩性有异的烃源岩中吡咯类化俣物的分布特征及其潜在的地球化学意义进行了探讨。结果表明，随着成熟度的增加，八面河地区烃源岩中吡咯类化合物中屏蔽化程度高的异构体比屏蔽化程度低的异构体富集，咔唑及苯并咔唑系列中低相对分子质量的同系物比高相对分子质量的同系物富集，苯并[a]咔唑比苯并[c]咔唑富集。八面河地区原油中吡咯类化合物有较为明显的运移分馏效应，观察到高、低相对分子质量的同系物间的运移分馏效应比不同类型异构体间的分馏效应更为显著，而前者受成熟度的影响可能相对小于后者；发现吡咯类化合物的油气运移分馏效应不仅体现于不同氮官能团屏蔽、半屏蔽和暴露三类异构体间，同样体现于同一类型的同分导师构体之间，指示此类化合物有较强的活性。吡咯类化俣物与烃类化合物一样具有多方面潜在的地球化学意义。     

原油芳烃中三芴系列化合物的环境指示作用

原油芳烃组分中的三芴(硫芴、氧芴和芴)系列化合物被认为源于同一母质,他们的含量变化常被认为是原始沉积环境的反映.通过对南阳凹陷、江汉盆地、准噶尔盆地和珠江口盆地等地区64个原油芳烃组分中三芴系列化合物的分析,发现利用新图版来区分原油母质形成的原始环境,比用简单的三角图效果好;用硫芴系列/氧芴系列与姥植比作图来判别环境也能取得用伽马蜡烷指数与姥植比同样效果.     

东濮凹陷盐湖相原油氮/氧化合物分布特征及其应用

东濮凹陷盐湖相原油中杂原子化合物研究薄弱。采用高分辨率质谱技术、结合色谱-质谱,对东濮凹陷盐湖相、淡水湖相原油、烃源岩中的含氮、氧化合物进行了检测。结果表明,原油中含有丰富的氮、氧化合物, N₁、O₁和O₂占绝对优势;随成熟度增加,N₁和O₁类化合物相对丰度增加、O₂类化合物相对丰度降低、氮/氧化合物的缩合度增加、烷基侧链碳数范围降低,提出了多项氮、氧化合物的成熟度辅助识别指标,建立了DBE₁₅/DBE₉-N₁和DBE₁₅⁺/DBE₁₄^--N₁与折算镜质体反射率之间的定量关系式。通过对氮、氧化合物的油-油、油-岩对比,认为东濮凹陷盐湖相原油主要来自成熟烃源岩。基于高分辨率质谱的氮、氧化合物具有重要的成熟度评价、油源对比、油气运移示踪的应用前景。     

羌塘盆地中央隆起带下二叠统展金组烃源岩芳烃化合物特征研究

利用芳烃化合物抗风化、抗生物降解能力强的特点,采用色谱-质谱分析技术,对羌塘盆地中央隆起带展金组烃源岩的芳烃地球化学特征进行分析研究。在检测出的芳烃化合物中,以菲系列为优势主分,其次为三芴系列、萘系列以及联苯系列等,芳烃化合物分布具有较明显的前锋型特征。根据芳烃化合物组成以及相对丰度,认为展金组烃源岩的有机质主要来源于低等水生生物,但联苯系列、荧蒽、芘、苝系列等化合物的检出,表明陆源植物对有机质的来源也有贡献。菲系列化合物的高含量、芴系列相对含量占优势以及沉积环境判别图等,综合显示出烃源岩形成于还原条件下的海相环境。利用MNR、DNR₁、R_ca、TNR₁、TNR₂、R_cb、R_c、R_o(K_4,6,%)、R_o(K_2,4,%)等多个指数对烃源岩成熟度进行判断,认为烃源岩达到成熟阶段,未达到高成熟阶段,这与实测R_o值所吻合。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861