中俄高等仪国际合作第一期星表与国内其它等高仪星表的比较

ＰＨＡ Ｉ已在俄罗斯伊尔库茨克进行了一年半的观测,获得了１１４６组观测资料。根据这些观测资料编算出第一期光电等高仪星表。为了说明这期星表的情况,本特将它与国内几本光电等高仪星表进行比较。     

中俄等高仪国际合作第一期星表与国内其它等高仪星表的比较

PHAI已在俄罗斯伊尔库茨克进行了一年半的观测,获得了1146组观测资料．根据这些观和资料编算出第一期光电等高仪星表。为了说明这期星表的情况,本文特将它与国内几本光电等高仪星表进行比较。     

陕台光电等高仪(Ⅰ型)初始星表(摘要)

1978年初至1981年初,我们用陕台光电等高仪(Ⅰ型)进行了专门的星表观测。获得的星表包括777颗两次过等高圈的恒星的赤径改正△α和赤纬改正△δ。其中有FK4星357颗,FK4supp星189颗,GC星231颗。对于|cosq|≤0.3的星没有计算△δ。所有FK4星△α、△δ的平均精度分别为±0.0036和±0″.063。另外,还给出了43颗一次过等高圈的恒星的赤经改正△α和2颗星的赤纬改正△δ。为有效地扩充待测星数,除在时间、纬度观测纲要即基本组(2小时一组)内插入适当数目的待测星外,我们增加了星表组(1小时一组)。观测方案是:星表组——基本组——星表组——星表组——基本组——星表组或者星表组——基本组——基本组——星表组。星表的系统完全由基本组的FK4星决定。将各基本组化到平均系统以后,所有的星表组及基本组内的插入星直接相对于这个平均系统求其残差平均值。     

中国光电等高仪系统的等高总星表(GCPA)

本文介绍中国光电等高仪系统的等高总星表(GCPA)。它以光电等高仪得到的四部初始星表的系统差组成赤经和赤纬综合系统,再将用Danjon等高仪得到的四部初始星表归化到综合系统上。总星表共有1579颗星,1541个△α值,1131个△δ值.所有△α和△δ的平均精度分别为±3.3ms和±0.058,其中FK4星的相应值分别为±2.3ms和±0.042.由两个和两个以上仪器观测得到的FK4星有485个△α值和349个△α值,其外部符合精度分别为±3.8ms和±0.041。最后给出了由GCPA确定的FK4的系统改正,并与有关星表做了比较。     

云南天文台等高初始星表

本文给出云南天文台Ⅱ型光电等高仪1976年12月-1978年12月观测得到的182颗二次过等高圈的恒星位置改正,并计算了FK_4星表的系统误差Δα_δ和Δ_δ_δ。     

射电星的光学位置和自行

1980－1981年期间，上海天台Ⅱ型光电等高仪和丹容等高仪（OPL No.14）共观测了15颗射电星。在FK5星表系统中得到了这些射电星的位置，并由这些观测位置与它们在其他星表例如G C，CAMC和W5／50中的相应位置进行比较，求得了这些射电星的自行。把我们求得的这些射电星的自行和PPM及CAMC星表中的相应自行作了比较，相互符合很一致。     

中国等高仪星表的现状和未来

自七十年代后期起，中国的４架光电等高仪就开始注重于旨在改进基本星表系统的观测．这４架光电等高仪均实现了现代化改造：实现全自动化操作和采用光子计数记录，这使得仪器能通宵达旦地工作，效率倍增．近年来用中国光电等高仪的观测已经编算出几部等高仪星表，其两个坐标（α和δ）的精度都很好，极限三等可达１１ｍ以上．将来这４架光电等高仪和即将用ＣＣＤ装备的Ⅲ型光电等高仪将会对基本天体测量做出更大贡献．     

由光电等高仪1型在伊尔库茨克观测得到的22颗射电星的光学位置

根据原中国科学院陕西天文台 (CSAO) (现已更名为中国科学院国家授时中心 )与俄罗斯东西伯利亚物理技术和无线电测量研究所 (VSNIIFTRI)之间签定的科学合作协议 ,陕西天文台光电等高仪 1型在伊尔库茨克进行了为期近 5年的星表观测。根据这些高精度的观测资料共编算出包括 81 7颗星的无赤纬盲区的等高仪星表 (其中首批 2 0 0颗已在欧洲《Astronomy&Astrophysics》上发表 )和 2 2颗射电星的光学位置表 ,后者在本文中给出。此外 ,这几年的测时测纬资料还同时发往莫斯科 ,参加俄罗斯的地球定向参数 (EOP—earthorientationparameters)服务系统     

由光电等高仪(1型)1973.10—1976.10观测得到的FK_4星表改正

本文给出了用光电等高仪(I型)1973年10月至1976年10月的观测得到的FK_4星表改正,描述了星表的编算方法及其精度,同时研究了FK_4星表的△a_B、△δ_δ型的系统误差。所得结果表明,用光电等高仪(I型)改进星表要优于Danjon等高仪。     

由陕台光电等高仪(Ⅰ)观测得到的820颗恒星的位置改正

作者利用1978年1月至1981年6月期间陕西天文台光电等高仪(Ⅰ)的专门星表观测资料,归算了820颗恒星的星表位置改正Δα和Δδ。文章介绍了观测方案、归算方法以及仪器某些系统误差的分析等。所得到的818颗星的Δα和568颗星的Δδ的平均内部精度分别为m_(Δα)=±0~S.0043,m_(Δδ)=±0″.072。     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work,     

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics CONTENTS

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Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews 011 all liranchcs of astronoiriy and astrophysics.Reviews arc by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length     

Alkali and halogen chemistry in volcanic gases on Io

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10⁻⁶ to 10⁺¹ bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I₂ (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F.     

Study on the Stressed Mirror Polishing with a Continuous Polishing Machine for Large Aperture Off-axis Aspheric Mirrors

A special stressed annular polishing technique is proposed to mill the off-axis aspheric sub-mirrors of a large segmented mirror with an annular polishing machine. Based on the basic principle of stressed annular polishing technique, a set of special stressing mechanisms are designed to convert milling the aspheric surfaces of sub-mirrors with different off-axis distances into milling the spherical surfaces with identical radii of curvature, so that they can be pol- ished simultaneously on a continuous polishing machine. It took about contin- uous 40 hours to polish a scaled-down mirror of the planning Chinese Future Giant Telescope (CFGT) using this technique. This mirror has the 330 mm di- ameter, 3.6 m off-axis distance, and the 21.6 m radius of curvature, and its max- imum asphericity is 16 micron. The experiment shows that this method has a high effciency, suits batch manufacturing, especially the batch manufacturing of aspheric sub-mirrors of the segmented primary mirror of an extremely large aperture telescope.     

The climatic and physiographic controls of the eastern Mediterranean over the late Pleistocene climates in the southern Levant and its neighboring deserts

Modern-day synoptic-scale eastern Mediterranean climatology provides a useful context to synthesize the diverse late Pleistocene (60–12 ka) paleohydrologic and paleoenvironmental indicators of past climatic conditions in the Levant and the deserts to its south and east. We first critically evaluate, extract, and summarize paleoenvironmental and paleohydrologic records. Then, we propose a framework of eastern Mediterranean atmospheric circulation features interacting with the morphology and location of the southeast Mediterranean coast. Together they strongly control the spatial distribution of rainfall and wind pattern. This cyclone–physiography interaction enforces the observed rainfall patterns by hampering rainfall generation south and southeast of the latitude of the north Sinai coast, currently at 31°15′.The proposed framework explains the much-increased rains in Lebanon and northern Israel and Jordan as deduced from pollen, rise and maintenance of Lake Lisan, and speleothem formation in areas currently arid and semiarid. The proposed framework also accounts for the southward and eastward transition into semiarid, arid, and hyperarid deserts as expressed in thick loess accumulation at the deserts' margins, dune migration from west to east in the Sinai and the western Negev, and the formation of hyperarid (< 80 mm yr^− 1) gypsic–salic soils in the southern Negev and Sinai. Our climatic synthesis explains the hyperarid condition in the southern Negev, located only 200–250 km south of the much-increased rains in the north, probably reflecting a steeper rainfall gradient than the present-day gradient from the wetter Levant into its bordering southern and eastern deserts.At present, the rainiest winter seasons in Lebanon and northern and central Israel are associated with more frequent (+ 20%), deeper Cyprus Lows traversing the eastern Mediterranean at approximately the latitude of southern Turkey. Even these wettest years in northern Israel do not yield above average annual rainfall amounts in the hyperarid southern Negev. This region is mainly influenced by the Active Red Sea Troughs that produce only localized rains. The eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows also produce more dust storms and transport higher amounts of suspended dust to the loess area than any other atmospheric pattern. Concurrent rainfall and dust are essential to the late Pleistocene formation of the elongated thick loess zone along the desert northern margin. Even with existing dust storms, the lack of rain and very sparse vegetation account for the absence of late Pleistocene loess sequences from the southern Negev and the formation of hyperarid soils.When the north Sinai coast shifted 30–70 km northwest due to last glacial global sea level lowering, the newly exposed coastal areas supplied the sand and dust to these active eastern Mediterranean cyclones. This enforced the latitude of the northern boundary of the loess zone to be directly due east of the LGM shoreline. This shift of coast to the northwest inhibited rainfall in the southern Levant deserts and maintained their hyperaridity. Concurrently, frequent deep eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows were funneled along the northern Mediterranean increasing (probably doubling) the rains in central and northern Israel, Lebanon, southwestern Syria and northern Jordan. These storms and rains formed lakes, forests, and speleothems only a short distance north of the deserts in the southern Levant.     

Active hot star shells

Interferometry in the visible provides milliarcsecond spatial resolution and thus has been used for studying the circumstellar environment of active hot stars. In this paper I will illustrate how the visibility modulus and phase can be used to better constrain the physics of Be disks through results from the VLA, the MkII and the GI2T interferometers. I will insist on the importance and the potential of coupling high angular resolution with high spectral resolution to the study of Be shells. Finally I will present a possible study of the circumstellar disk of Be stars using the VLTI. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fitting X-ray Afterglow Light curves of Gamma-ray Bursts by Using the Magnetar Energy Injection Model

The central compact object for some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may be a strongly magnetized millisecond pulsar. It can inject energy to the outer shock of the GRB by through the magnetic dipole radiation, and therefore causes the shallow decay of the early afterglow. Recently, from a large number of GRB X-ray afterglows observed by Swift/XRT(X-ray telescope), it is revealed that many of them exhibit the shallow decay about 10²∼10⁴ s after the burst prompt emission. We have fitted the X-ray afterglow light curves of 11 GRBs by using the energy injection model of a magnetar with the rotation period in the millisecond order of magnitude. The obtained result shows the validity and universality of the magnetar energy injection model in explaining the shallow decay of afterglows, and simultaneously provides some constraints on the magnetic field strength and rotation period of the central magnetar.     

我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器研制进展

数字化是目前设备研制发展的趋势,介绍了中国科学院上海天文台利用超大规模集成电路结合软件无线电技术,自主研发的我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器(Chinese Data Acquisition System,简称CDAS).文中描述了设备的工作原理及其组成,并以VLBI观测实验数据证明其可行性.与原有的模拟设备(Anal...