National and regional population trends in the USSR, 1979-89: preliminary results from the 1989 census

"This article investigates national, macroregional, and economic regional population trends in the USSR during the 1979-89 intercensal period based on preliminary results from the 1989 census. The national total population growth rate during 1979-89 was roughly similar to that of 1970-79. However, the urban growth and urbanization processes slowed, while the rate of rural population change increased due chiefly to reduced rural-urban migration. Regional variations in rates of total, urban, and rural population change generally resembled those of 1970-79. Central Asia continued to exhibit the most rapid overall growth, although Siberia experienced a resurgence."     

Regional population redistribution in the USSR: 1979-84

"The primary purpose of this paper is to assess very broadly the regional growth and redistribution of the total, urban and rural populations of the USSR, as well as aggregate, regional and city size patterns of urbanization for the 1979-84 period. In order to investigate the continuity or reversal of trends, comparisons with preceding intercensal periods will also be undertaken, particularly with the 1970-79 period." It is found that "regional rates of population change between 1979 and 1984 were generally lower than those of 1970-79, primarily due to a general decline in natural increase rates. In addition, regional variations in rates of population change for the 1979-84 period were similar to those of the 1970-79 period.... The USSR has apparently reversed its long-term trend of deconcentration in the sense that the population as a whole is becoming more concentrated again, but this time in a new area of concentration, Central Asia, which is now the most populous economic region."     

Changes in the population of larger cities of the USSR, 1979-1989

"An overview of the dynamics of Soviet cities of over 100,000 population for the period 1979-1989 is presented, based largely on maps and tables depicting five key 'subsets' or city groupings: (a) cities increasing by over 100,000 inhabitants; (b) the fastest growing cities in percentage terms; (c) their comparison with fastest growing cities, 1959-1979; (d) the slowest growing cities in percentage terms; and (e) their comparison with slowest growing cities, 1959-1979. The paper, by focusing on these parameters and utilizing extensively graphic and cartographic methods of data presentation, provides...insights into city growth trends...."     

A note on the Jewish population of the USSR from the 1989 census data

This note provides additional, more detailed information on the composition and spatial distribution of the Jewish population of the USSR in 1989. It supplements the author's previous study on the nationality distribution in the USSR.     

Ethnic results of the 1979 Soviet census

This article is based on summary results concerning ethnic composition in the USSR according to the 1979 census. "These results...have been rearranged... to reflect not only the ethnic composition of the USSR and of its republics over time (1959, 1970, 1979), but also shifts in the distribution of particular ethnic groups. Furthermore, ethnic groups are discussed in a regional sequence. In combination with the migration tables based on previous results of the 1979 census...some conclusions can be drawn concerning the ethnic makeup of migrants among republics."     

Urban settlement size trends in the former USSR: 1970-1989

"Based upon recently published data, this paper investigates urban settlement size trends in the former USSR and its republics during the intercensal periods of 1970-1979 and 1979-1989. Results indicate that although a trend toward largeness of the Soviet urban hierarchy continues, a slowing in this direction has occurred. Among republics, all had an increasing trend towards largeness on at least one and usually all three summary measures of urban settlement size structure. The RSFSR [Russia] and Armenia especially consistently evidenced a relatively high degree of largeness, while the former Baltic republics generally revealed a relative smallness."     

Economic region net migration patterns in the USSR: 1979-89

"This article investigates economic region net migration patterns in the USSR during the 1979-89 intercensal period. Net in-migration and net migration rate increases (compared to 1970-79) occurred in both the western and eastern portions of the Northern USSR region, while net out-migration and rate declines occurred throughout the Southern USSR. Net in-migration again occurred to Siberia, especially Tyumen' Oblast, and there was a reduced rate of net out-migration from the Nonchernozem Zone and Central Chernozem Region of European RSFSR."     

Changes in the metropolitan and large city populations of the USSR: 1979-85

"This paper investigates the post-census growth of metropolitan areas and large cities in the USSR from 1979 to 1985. The Soviet population continues to be increasingly concentrated in large metropolitan areas and large cities, and although suburbanization occurs within metropolitan areas, a striking feature is that all central cities continue to grow and typically contain the vast majority of the metropolitan population. This reflects the fact that individual large cities continue to loom large, despite policies to limit their growth. Although the growth rates of large cities have slowed, so have those of smaller towns, and a merging of growth rates by size class is occurring."     

Regional trends in crude birth,death, and natural increase rates in Russia and the USSR: 1897-1989

"This paper establishes and discusses briefly regional patterns and trends in crude birth, death, and natural increase rates in Russia and the USSR from the turn of the century to 1989. The study is based on a comparable regional framework and placed in the context of the demographic transition theory. It discusses sources, collection, and quality of data, as well as necessary estimating procedures. An attempt also is made to examine briefly regional age-standardized rates."     

Regional population trends in the city of Moscow during the 1979-1989 intercensal period

"This article investigates regional population trends in the city of Moscow during the intercensal period of 1979-1989. Results indicate that the Outer Zone grew more rapidly than the Inner Zone, which experienced population decline overall. As a result, the population of Moscow continued to shift to the Outer Zone. Although the Inner Zone still had a higher population density, the density gradient between the zones had flattened appreciably. Regional population growth rates were strongly and positively related to changes in housing space."     

Geographical and economic determinants of interregional migration in the USSR, 1968-1985

"Interregional migration results in a regional redistribution of labor, essential under the current mismatch between the locations of labor and of natural resources and industrial capacity in the USSR. This study focuses on economic and geographical determinants of destination choice of migrants from 1968 through 1985. Particular emphasis is placed upon the relative effects of economic variables and quality of life factors and on the effect of gravity variables (i.e., distance and population size). The statistically significant results for the economic and gravity variables indicate the appropriateness of using Western theories to analyze migration in the Soviet context."     

Restructuring,Race, and Real Estate: Changing Home Values and the New California Metropolis, 1989-2010

The wake of the foreclosure crisis warrants renewed attention to geographies of race and real estate. This case study of the San Francisco Bay Area shows that outlying exurban communities on the metropolitan fringe, which saw major in-migrations of communities of color over the past three decades, were hard hit by the real estate crash, after having seen substantial housing price increases during the tail end of the boom. The potential impact on wealth and asset accumulation for these communities is significant. Rather than traditional forms of segregation, this new geography of crisis suggests a form of peripheralization, where minority communities in particular were lured out to the far suburbs under structural conditions of neoliberalism, far different from the federally supported suburbanization of two generations ago. This new reality is reminiscent of the urban roots of the foreclosure crisis, and of the need to view the crisis at a metropolitan scale.     

Longitudinal analysis of the road network development and land-cover change in Lop Buri province, Thailand, 1989-2006

Land use and land-cover change (LUCC) is mainly a consequence of human activities such as road network development. In Thailand, the explicit objective of road network development has been to foster economic and social development. The extent of change in roads and land-cover change in Lop Buri between 1989-2006 is analyzed. We hypothesized that road development is a key driver of land-cover change and will cause, substantial changes in areas of forest cover, cultivated food and cash crops. We used land-cover classifications of Landsat imagery and resultant class trajectories to measure change. We then analyzed the relationships between roads, land-cover types, and land-cover trajectories. Overall, cash crops increased while forest and food crops declined between 1989-2006. The relationships between distance to roads and land- cover trajectories indicate that as the distance to roads increase, there are fewer changes in LUCC. The results suggest that in this case study, an increase in road network contributes to an increase in upland crops. In turn, the increase in upland crop production is one of the factors linked to economic development.     

基于全国第六次人口普查数据的广州新移民居住分异研究

运用第六次全国人口普查数据,分析当前广州新移民的居住空间分异问题,探讨中国大城市新移民居住空间的整体格局、分异程度及其分异机制,并以此实证中国城市社会空间理论。研究表明：广州新移民的空间分布总体上表现出近郊集中和远郊分散的特征,其中省内新移民较多集中在中心区外围,省外新移民集中分散在远郊。广州新移民与本地常住人口的差异指数为0.48,分异指数为0.46,隔离指数为0.56,超过美国亚裔移民分异的平均水平。此外,各区的分异度水平存在较大差异。机制分析表明,历经30多年的市场化进程,制度因素对新移民聚居区的影响减弱,单位因素对新移民聚居无明显影响,市场因素的作用增强。与西方情况类似,人口和家庭因素对新移民聚居有一定影响,其中年龄因素和婚姻状况是影响新移民聚居的重要因素。总体上,市场化下中国城市新移民的社会隔离正不断转化为明显的空间分异问题。为推进社会融合,应尽快采取社会空间重构措施(如社会规划和社区规划)予以应对。     

北京都市区城市功能格局及其变化——基于经济普查数据的分析

利用北京市第一、第二次经济普查数据,以“乡镇＼街道”为基本空间单元,运用因子分析和聚类分析方法研究北京都市区城市功能格局的特征与模式。与2004年相比,2008年北京都市区城市功能格局发生了明显变化。北京都市区城市功能布局呈现郊区化态势：建筑运输与制造功能呈现最明显的郊区化特征,沿主要交通干线向远郊区快速拓展;生产服务...     

Land subsidence pattern controlled by old alpine basement faults in the Kashmar Valley, northeast Iran: results from InSAR and levelling

Fluid storage systems, such as oil, gas, magma or water reservoirs, are often controlled by the host rock structure and faulted terrain. In sedimentary basins, where no direct information about underlying structure is available, the pattern of ground deformation may allow us to assess the buried fault arrangement. We provide an example in the semi-arid area of Iran, in the Kashmar Valley, a region subject to land subsidence due to water overexploitation. Geodetically determined subsidence rates in the Kashmar Valley exceed 15–30 cm yr⁻¹. The pattern of surface deformation is strongly non-uniform and displays NE–SW elongated bowls of subsidence. The trend resembles old Cretaceous-to-Tertiary faults that evolved during early alpine tectonic deformation. Although these early alpine structures are considered tectonically inactive in the present day, the observed land subsidence pattern indicates significant structural control on the geometry of the aquifer basin and its deformation during reservoir drainage.