福建省均口断陷带的地质特征及其演化

福建省均口断陷位于崇安－石城断裂带中部,是武夷山加里东隆起区在燕山期的重要活动形式之一。本文论述了均口断陷带的变形、火山、岩浆、沉积作用地质特征,并划分出３４个燕山期的构造层。作者认为主要断层是区域扩张作用下形成的拆离断层,它们控制了各种地质作用,推测主断层为超壳断层。     

European Phanerozoic metallogenesis

Phanerozoic metallogenesis in Europe displays divergent characteristics which may be related to the variable nature of the three great European Phanerozoic orogens: Caledonian, Variscan and Alpine. These reflect different geodynamic processes. The Caledonian orogen resulted from the interaction of essentially oceanic with continental lithosphere, whilst the Variscan and Alpine orogens evolved mainly from continent-continent collisions with the involvement of a series of smaller oceanic basins. Each major stage of the orogenic processes is characterised by a typical metallogeny. The occurrence of subduction-related processes in the Caledonian orogeny gave rise to extensive VHMS deposition with characteristic Zn:Cu ratio signatures. The relative lack of abundance of metal-rich, Andean-type porphyry-type mineralisation remains unexplained, unless present erosional levels have prevented the preservation of such deposits. Continent-continent collisions do not appear to result in extensive mineralisation unless elevated heat flows result, possibly as a result of lithospheric delamination at the peak collisional stage. The development of late stage and peri-orogenic sedimentary basins are characterised by extensive Pb-Zn-Ba-F mineralisation as expressions of basinal fluid flow of regional dimensions.     

龙门山北段志留系宁强组沉积特征和空间相变

丘状隆起、链状相连的北东向带状堤礁是龙门山北段地区志留系宁强组的一个突出特点。详细的剖面研究和路线地质追踪表明：(1)狭长带状的堤礁夹持于南东侧杂色砂／泥质滨岸沉积带和北西侧陆架泥页岩带之间，指示了一个清晰的向西北渐深的古陆架形态和古海岸边缘轮廓；(2)丘状礁灰岩体、层状生物碎屑灰岩体与东南侧陆缘滨岸带的砂体及北西侧的陆架泥岩呈现明显的指状穿插和渐变过渡关系，代表了海平面、陆源碎屑输入量频繁变化背景下的沉积响应；(3)点状零星分布的礁灰岩体是在面状礁灰岩或生物碎屑灰岩层基础上发育起来的；(4)晚志留世，杂色砂／泥质滨岸沉积向北西进积并超覆于礁灰岩之上，并最终导致本区隆升成陆，则表明加里东构造运动末期发生的上扬子地块隆升、西北缘古陆扩展及海平面的相对下降趋势，是沉积盆地演变的主控因素。     

中上扬子克拉通加里东期(寒武-志留纪)沉积层序充填过程与演化模式

以"构造控盆、盆地控相、相控组合"的思路和"过程-响应"原理为指导,即壳-幔耦合、板块活动和构造运动形成盆地,盆地沉积充填形成层序及相带组合的时空展布,而不同级别层序格架中层序结构、体系域叠加样式及相带的时空组合与盆地沉积充填过程密切相关。在前人对中上扬子克拉通盆地取得丰富的研究与勘探成果基础上,加强沉积环境、层序结构与沉积充填过程等方面的研究,对深化研究区认识以及油气资源勘探具有重要意义。因此,通过层序剖面结构、体系域叠加样式和相带组合的沉积响应记录,分析这些记录特征的时空变化规律来有效地揭示盆地沉积充填过程。具体以反映盆地整体特性的构造-层序(二级层序)为基础,以反映盆地充填格架的层序地层(三级层序)为单元,以反映层序沉积充填过程的层序结构、体系域叠置方式(四级以上层序)和相带分布规律为剖析对象"的技术路线,基于中上扬子加里东期克拉通盆地类型与演化阶段的划分,剖析了典型盆地的沉积充填过程,探讨了沉积层序充填特征及其差异性,并分阶段建立沉积演化模式。研究认为,中上扬子克拉通加里东期由克拉通内和克拉通边缘两大沉积域组成,盆地经历了由伸展机制到挤压机制的两个演化阶段,包括由裂谷型、裂陷型和坳陷型盆地构成的3期沉积充填过程。加里东期克拉通盆地在不同演化阶段,以及相同阶段不同类型盆地,具有不同的沉积建造类型、层序结构和体系域叠加样式等沉积响应,反映了个性鲜明的沉积充填特征和差异明显的控制因素。构造-层序充填过程的控制因素复杂多变,包括基底构造特征、构造运动、深大断裂、古隆起、相对海平面变化、气候变化和物源供给等,而多因素相互作用、综合影响,是特定时期特定盆地形成特有层序结构和叠加样式的关键所在。各阶段沉积模式在充填背景、建造类型、相带展布规律、演化过程与控制因素等方面具有继承性和差异性。加里东期中上扬子克拉通以隆坳相间格局为特征,克拉通台地边缘滩体与台地内广泛发育的白云岩滩和膏盐岩对油气的赋存和封盖意义重大。     

柴达木盆地红柳泉-跃东地区新近系下油砂山组沉积体系展布特征及控制因素

在层序地层学研究的基础上,对柴达木盆地红柳泉-跃东地区新近系下油砂山组作了细致的沉积相分析研究。下油砂山组发育冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、辫状河三角洲相、湖泊相和浊积相等几种沉积相类型,分析了其发育特征及分布范围。以识别出的4个三级层序为单位,详细分析了沉积相的平面展布特征：Ⅰ层序沉积时期,西北地区为冲积扇和扇三角洲、中西部地区为辫状河三角洲发育区;Ⅱ层序沉积时期,沉积相分布格局与Ⅰ层序基本一致;Ⅲ层序沉积时期,西北地区的冲积扇、扇三角洲发育范围有所缩小,中西部地区辫状河三角洲发育范围持续扩张,分布范围较前期增大;Ⅳ层序沉积时期,西北地区依旧发育冲积扇,中西部地区辫状河三角洲沉积快速地向东推进,辫状河三角洲前缘亚相已达研究区中心。结合构造、物源、气候等因素分析了沉积相展布及演化的控制因素。     

北祁连造山带志留纪岩相古地理研究

奥陶纪—泥盆纪时期,受加里东构造活动的影响,北祁连洋盆经历了俯冲消亡至造山的复杂转换。其中,志留纪是记录了盆山转换的重要大地构造过渡阶段,然而北祁连造山带在该时期的盆地性质一直存在争议。本文对北祁连地区志留系沉积地层开展了详细的野外地质调查及室内测试分析,通过岩性、沉积构造和古生物化石组合等方面的研究,共识别出潮坪相、浅海陆棚相及半深海相三种沉积相类型。此外,基于前人的研究成果和本研究的新资料,编制了全新的北祁连地区志留纪沉积构造格架、沉积盆地类型及空间配置关系图。在此基础上,通过区域地层对比,以及岩相古地理编图研究,重建了北祁连造山带志留纪沉积盆地充填序列,并采用造山带岩相古地理编图方法编制了全新的研究区志留纪岩相古地理图。     

Tectono-Sedimentary History of Southeastern Coast Region,China:a Synthesis

According to the ideas and concepts of systems dynamic of continent structure, using previous information related to the study area, combining analyses on orogenic belt, basin and magmatic rock, the present paper synthesizes the tectono-sedimentary development of southeastern coast region, China, with special emphasis on the mountain making, basining and magmafc activity. The tectonic evolution after Late Caledonian orogeny was dominated by alternating rifting and converging, subsiding and uplifting, mountain making and basining in central and southern parts of southeastern China and the adjacent regions to the east and west. Seventeen geologic events, nine events of plate or terrain convergence , and continental crust accretion, as well as eight events of intracontinental rifting and basin faulting , are closely related to the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the study area. The accompanied intense and frequent sedimentation , folding , faulting , magmatism and ore-forming process allowed huge coal     

贵州镇远地区钾镁煌斑岩产出控制因素浅析

贵州镇远马坪钾镁煌斑岩为我国发现的第一个含原生金刚石的钾镁煌斑岩,其时代为加里东中期。根据区内当时沉积建造的特点,结合钾镁煌斑岩常包含早期捕虏体的情况,尤其是区内钾镁煌斑岩主要产于加里东期北东向背斜构造翼部拐点范围的事实,认为区内钾镁煌斑岩的侵位应发生在加里东期沉积建造结束褶皱构造开始时刻。加里东构造运动先是沉积建造的塑性变形褶皱造山,岩层能干化后才开始发育大量断裂构造。纵弯褶皱在挤压作用背景下,因褶皱拐点存在拉伸和剪切的应力而构成透入性构造软弱部位,被深部岩浆热力所突破而成为上涌侵位及喷发通道。区域上,四堡期东西向基底断裂构造控制区内钾镁煌斑岩东西向带状分布,而加里东期褶皱及其拐点控制钾镁煌斑岩体(群)的产出,因此金刚石的找矿勘查应主要在有金刚石找矿信息的褶皱构造拐点范围开展。     

利用地震属性研究准噶尔盆地西北缘拐19井区下侏罗统三工河组沉积环境

在准噶尔盆地西北缘，寻找岩性圈闭油气藏已是至关重要的问题。但人们几乎还是用常规的手段来寻找岩性油气藏，没有实质性进展。本文是以利用宽方位角采集的地震数据为基础，对数据进行高保真资料处理和参考标准层的层拉平解释。利用前人的区域地质研究成果和钻井解释成果对侏罗系的沉积环境进行了精细的描述，确定了拐19井区在下侏罗统三工河组的出油层段附近的沉积环境由湖泊相－三角洲前缘相－河流相－湖泊相的演化过程。利用地震属性解释的结果也能较好地反映目标区的沉积环境变迁，并且与区域地质、测井解释结果相吻合，为寻找油气提供了很好的依据。由此得出利用地震属性可以进行沉积环境变迁分析，为油田寻找岩性圈闭及油气藏做出贡献。     

华北陆台晚古生代岩相古地理

位于天山-阴山、昆仑山-秦岭两大纬向构造带之间的华北陆台。在稳定地壳基底上逐渐发展形成晚古生代多旋回克拉通大型含煤盆地。加里东运动使陆台缺失O₃-C₁沉积，晚石炭世至晚二叠世陆台为海陆交互相滨海、湖泊、三角洲沉积，随着古地理环境演变,陆台各沉积古地理环境在时、表现为由老至新、自北向南迁移。     

川西北中二叠统栖霞组沉积特征及古地貌响应

川西北中二叠统栖霞组发育厚层白云岩储层,成为近年来四川盆地油气勘探开发的重点领域,但栖霞组有利相带分布和储层发育的主控因素并不明朗,制约了该地区油气勘探进展。根据野外露头、岩心、薄片、测井和地震资料,结合区域地质演化,对川西北栖霞组沉积特征、沉积格局以及古地貌进行研究发现:川西北栖霞组主要为碳酸盐岩台地沉积,自西北向东南方向依次发育盆地—斜坡相、台地边缘相和开阔台地相,并发育台缘滩或台内滩等若干亚相类型。其中栖一期沉积水体较深,为弱镶边碳酸盐岩台地形成期,台缘滩厚度薄,展布范围有限;栖二期为栖霞组主要成滩期,滩体厚度大,展布范围广,具典型镶边碳酸盐岩台地特征。栖霞组白云岩主要为台地边缘高能滩相沉积背景,栖霞组沉积期,研究区具西北高、东南低,西南高、东北低的古地貌格局,其不仅控制着台地边缘高能滩相的沉积分布,并进一步为该区白云岩储层发育奠定了基础,白云岩具有西北向东南、西南向东北逐渐减薄的特点。结合沉积演化和古地貌分析结果,认为古地貌为栖霞组白云岩发育的主要控制因素,西北及西南方向等古地貌高地为研究区栖霞组白云岩储层发育的有利沉积相带。     

Seismic evidence of Caledonian deformed crust and uppermost mantle structures in the northern part of the Trans-European Suture Zone, SW Baltic Sea

Collisional structures from the closure of the Tornquist Ocean and subsequent amalgamation of Avalonia and Baltica during the Caledonian Orogeny in the northern part of the Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) in the SW Baltic Sea are investigated. A grid of marine reflection seismic lines was gathered in 1996 during the DEKORP-BASIN '96 campaign, shooting with an airgun array of 52 l total volume and recording with a digital streamer of up to 2.1 km length. The detailed reflection seismic analysis is mainly based on post-stack migrated sections of this survey, but one profile has also been processed by a pre-stack depth migration algorithm. The data provides well-constrained images of upper crustal reflectivity and lower crustal/uppermost mantle reflections. In the area of the Caledonian suture, a reflection pattern is observed with opposing dips in the upper crust and the uppermost mantle. Detailed analysis of dipping reflections in the upper crust provides evidence for two different sets of reflections, which are separated by the O-horizon, the main decollement of the Caledonian deformation complex. S-dipping reflections beneath the sub-Permian discontinuity and above the O-horizon are interpreted as Caledonian thrust structures. Beneath the O-horizon, SW-dipping reflections in the upper crust are interpreted as ductile shear zones and crustal deformation features that evolved during the Sveconorwegian Orogeny. The Caledonian deformation complex is subdivided into (1) S-dipping foreland thrusts in the north, (2) the S-dipping suture itself that shows increased reflectivity, and (3) apparently NE-dipping downfaulted sedimentary horizons south of the Avalonia–Baltica suture, which may have been reactivated during Mesozoic normal faulting. The reflection Moho at 28–35 km depth appears to truncate a N-dipping mantle structure, which may represent remnant structures from Tornquist Ocean closure or late-collisional compressional shear planes in the upper mantle. A contour map of these mantle reflections indicates a consistent northward dip, which is steepest where there is strong bending of the Caledonian deformation front. The thin-skinned character of the Caledonian deformation complex and the fact that N-dipping mantle reflections do not truncate the Moho indicate that the Baltica crust was not mechanically involved in the Caledonian collision and, therefore, escaped deformation in this area.     

PALAEOZOIC TECTONIC PALAEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE CATHAYSIA IN EASTERN ZHEJIANG AND NORTHERN FUJIAN, CHINA

Based on the data about sedimentary facies and palaeogeography, this paper proves the existence of the Cathaysia (the part in eastern Zhejiang and northern Fujian, the same hereinafter) and makes a survey about its palaeogeography since Sinian Period. It also discusses the evolution of the tectonic environment of this region during Phanerozoic Eon, according to the features such as the composition of sandstones derived from the old land and alkalinity of volcanic rocks and so on. Continuous uplifting was maintained in Cathaysia during Sinian Period and Paleozoic Era, typically with no significant tectono-magmatic activity being observed. Its northwestern margin belongs to the type of passive continental margin during the middle and late phase of Caledonian Cycle. It showed the characteristics of a steady continent in late Paleozoic era, but was turned quickly into an active continental margin after the middle Jurassic period.     

塔中地区西北部良里塔格组沉积特征及其演化规律

良里塔格组作为优质储层,一直以来都是塔中地区勘探研究的重中之重,但对塔中北斜坡西北部(塔中85-49井区)沉积特征的研究尚且薄弱。综合利用岩心、薄片、测井和地震资料,将良里塔格组划分为3个三级层序、5个体系域和9~15个四级层序,建立了研究区的高精度层序地层格架,并识别出研究区发育的8种沉积微相类型,不同的沉积微相以特定的相序组合成礁滩复合体、中-高能粒屑滩、中-低能粒屑滩和泻湖-滩间海4种沉积相类型。在高精度层序地层与沉积特征研究的基础上,结合地震属性资料,分析了SQ1和SQ2时期的沉积相分布特征,重点总结了不同时期高位期和海侵期的沉积相剖面演化规律,并对比了各时期沉积相平面分布的差异性,从而揭示了沉积相的演化规律,有利于进一步指导本区今后的油气勘探工作。     

滇东南老君山南捞铜钨矿床地质特征及成因探讨

滇东南老君山南捞铜钨矿床地质特征及成因探讨     

鄂尔多斯台地靖边潜台南部中奥陶统马五21岩相古地理

鄂尔多斯盆地中奥陶统马家沟组由于受加里东运动影响而隆起抬升遭受风化,形成良好的岩溶油气储层,对其沉积特征的研究是油气勘探的重点。本文以沉积岩石学为指导,以单因素作图为方法论,结合钻井岩心资料、测井资料的细致分析、统计,选取了地层厚度、白云岩含量、灰岩含量、膏盐含量及泥岩含量等单因素,绘制出马五21的岩相古地理图。研究表明,研究区马五12期处于一个相对的海退期,其主要发育膏云坪、云坪、泥云坪和含泥云坪。根据岩相古地理图,结合马五12地层厚度,推测研究区中部存在一个较浅的洼地,并建立了符合本区马五12的沉积模式。综合以上研究,马五21期岩相古地理特征可概括"陆外为坪,云坪广布,坪中有洼,洼中有膏"。根据本区的岩相古地理条件及区域地质特征,对良好的天然气储层的形成进行了初步的探讨。     

海南岛几个重大基础地质问题的探讨

海南岛有无泥盆纪地层？有无加里东运动？有无加里东期花岗岩？历来是大家关注和争论的焦点问题。在１：５万昌江县幅和邦溪幅地质调查研究中,笔者对上述问题进行了探讨,并取得了一些重要进展：首次在海南岛发现珊瑚化石Ｃｙｓｔｏｐｈｒｅｎｔｉｓ ｋａｌａｏｈｏｅｎｓｉｓ Ｙｕ,结合旋回地层学研究主为,在昌江县鸡心－鸡实一带南好组（Ｃ１ｎ）中下部可能存在中晚泥盆世地层;首次发现并圈定了加里东期花岗岩体,时代为３６     

华南加里东期金矿床的基本特征

华南加里东期金矿床分布广泛,既可产在华南加里东褶皱带内,也可发育在毗邻的江南隆起上。其共同特征是矿床产在加里东期构造变形带或变质带中,受深大断裂带及其分支构造所控制,成矿物质主要来自赋矿围岩。产在隆起上的矿床赋矿围岩时代较老,均为元古宙变质细碎悄岩类;矿物及元素组合比较简单,常见单金型。产于褶皱带中者其围岩除元古宙－寒武纪变质细碎屑岩外,还有火山岩、侵入岩及沉积岩,时代为元古宙－－志留纪;矿物及元     

Potassium-argon ages from the Ceneri Zone,Southern Swiss Alps

The Ceneri Zone is a unit of the crystalline basement of the Southern Alps. Its northern boundary is the Tonale Line segment of the Periadriatic Line, an important tectonic lineament separating the Oligocene and younger features of the Central Alps from the older metamorphic and structural trends of the Southern Alps. Unmetamorphosed Permian and younger sedimentary units lap onto the Southern Alpine basement from the south.Potassium-argon results from the Ceneri Zone define a Hercynian age pattern typical for the basement of continental Europe. This pattern extends to within at least 100 meters of the Tonale Line. Thus, amphibolite facies metamorphism in this region occurred around 325 m.y. ago. The geochronologic similarity of the Southern Alps to many other European regions must be taken into account in megatectonic theories.In detail, the Hercynian age pattern of the Ceneri Zone is complicated. Some hornblendes have apparent ages between the Hercynian and a Caledonian value (430 m.y.). They probably retained some radiogenic argon during the Hercynian upper amphibolite facies metamorphism. In addition, mica results between 200 and 300 m.y. have a strong geographic correlation. Apparently, the northwestern portion of the Ceneri Zone was reheated or mildly metamorphosed during the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic. A relationship between these ages and 170–180 m.y. ages from the neighboring Ivrea-Verbano Zone seems likely. No geologic evidence for any post-Hercynian event has been noted as yet in the Ceneri Zone.     

从弧后盆地到前陆盆地——北祁连造山带奥陶纪—泥盆纪的沉积盆地与构造演化

北祁连加里东期造山带是在新元古代Rodinia联合大陆(Pangea-850)基础上裂解,经由寒武纪裂谷盆地、奥陶纪初期成熟洋盆、奥陶纪中晚期北祁连活动大陆边缘、志留纪—早、中泥盆世碰撞造山而形成的。奥陶纪中、晚期,北祁连、走廊地区中、上奥陶统发育洋壳-岛弧-弧后火山岩,形成典型的沟-弧-盆体系的沉积。志留纪—早、中泥盆世是北祁连-走廊沉积盆地的转换时期。除天祝、古浪、景泰及肃南等局部地区发育下志留统钙碱性系列火山岩以外,全区志留系均以碎屑岩沉积为主。志留系底部多见一套砾岩层。下—中志留统为典型复理石相的浊流沉积。上志留统变为滨浅海相磨拉石沉积。早、中泥盆世雪山群为典型的陆相粗碎屑磨拉石沉积。从空间分布上看,志留系—泥盆系在走廊—北祁连地区也有自北向南厚度加大、粒度变粗的特征,古流以由南向北、来自造山带的古流为特征。北祁连-河西走廊奥陶纪弧后盆地火山岩—志留系复理石-海相磨拉石—中、下泥盆统陆相磨拉石的充填序列以及空间分布特点,反映为典型的弧后盆地向前陆盆地转化的沉积序列。