地震救助生命搜索与定位技术研究进展

生命搜索是地震紧急救援中最重要的问题，由于时间紧迫、环境条件恶劣也是最困难的问题。先进的技术与装备是提高救助成功率，最大限度减轻人员伤亡的技术保障。本文简要介绍了利用国内外目前较为成熟的相关技术，研制开发光学探生仪、声波／振动探生仪、红外热像仪3种先进、轻便、高效、实用的地震救助现场生命搜索与定位技术设备，以及利用系统工程学原理和现代管理理论，开展地震灾害现场生命搜索与救援支持系统的研究，从而初步建立地震救助生命搜索定位技术系统的基本情况。     

Scientific management of Mediterranean coastal zone: a hybrid ocean forecasting system for oil spill and search and rescue operations

The oil spill from Prestige tanker showed the importance of scientifically based protocols to minimize the impacts on the environment. In this work, we describe a new forecasting system to predict oil spill trajectories and their potential impacts on the coastal zone. The system is formed of three main interconnected modules that address different capabilities: (1) an operational circulation sub-system that includes nested models at different scales, data collection with near-real time assimilation, new tools for initialization or assimilation based on genetic algorithms and feature-oriented strategic sampling; (2) an oil spill coastal sub-system that allows simulation of the trajectories and fate of spilled oil together with evaluation of coastal zone vulnerability using environmental sensitivity indexes; (3) a risk management sub-system for decision support based on GIS technology. The system is applied to the Mediterranean Sea where surface currents are highly variable in space and time, and interactions between local, sub-basin and basin scale increase the non-linear interactions effects which need to be adequately resolved at each one of the intervening scales. Besides the Mediterranean Sea is a complex reduced scale ocean representing a real scientific and technological challenge for operational oceanography and particularly for oil spill response and search and rescue operations.     

海地地震国际救援

北京时间2010年1月13日5时53分,当地时间1月12日16时53分,海地发生7.3级强烈地震,中国国际救援队迅速赶赴海地灾区,开展国际人道主义救援。1月13日至1月27日,中国国际救援队经过全程15天的艰苦工作,成功找到包括联合国驻海地特别代表在内的15具遇难人员遗体,在灾区开展了巡回医疗救护,医治了大量伤员,并开展了卫生防疫和宣传工作。此次海地救援是中国国际救援队通过IEC国际重型救援队测评后的首次国际救援行动,这次救援进一步扩大了我国在国际人道主义救援事务中的影响。     

Studies of evaporation from the sea at Waltair

Summary The values of evaporation for several months from the sea at Waltair, are computed from climatic means of observations made at a near-shore station at Waltair. The simplified equation of evaporation , has been used in the computations.