长壁孤岛工作面冲击失稳能量场演化规律

煤矿冲击地压一直是困扰中国煤矿安全的主要问题,而煤矿开采过程中跳采形成的孤岛工作面由于容易产生应力集中,来压强度提高,极容易发生冲击地压。基于唐山矿T2193下孤岛工作面的地质条件,从数值分析的角度研究了煤岩体材料的非均匀性,揭示了孤岛工作面顶板周期来压时煤岩体能量释放的动态特征,分析了工作面前方能量释放激增机制。数值模拟结果显示,长壁工作面回采过程中直接顶的不断垮落造成了老顶悬空距离的不断增大,工作面周期来压时,积聚于老顶岩层内的弹性应变能将瞬间释放,容易引发工作面及巷道的冲击失稳。孤岛工作面由于其特有的矿压显现特征,老顶周期破断时所释放的弹性应变能将更加剧烈,冲击地压势必愈加强烈。孤岛工作面顶底板和煤层的能量释放激增可以作为判断煤岩体冲击失稳的前兆信息。孤岛工作面前方发生冲击破坏的主要原因是由于工作面回采过程中围岩所积聚的大量弹性能在顶板断裂时所伴随的巨大能量释放而造成的。     

华丰煤矿第三系砾岩水与开采四层煤关系

分析了华丰煤矿第三系砾岩的水文地质特征,认为传统的观点,即认为砾岩出水是因为砾岩与四层煤的间距小,四层煤采后的冒裂带高度达到砾岩,具有片面性。该矿的砾岩出水除与砾岩的富水性有关外,还与矿井的冲击地压有密切关系。第三系底部的红层强度非常低,不具隔水性能或隔水性能不好,也是砾岩出水的原因之一。      

考虑弹性核作用下的冲击地压形成机理模型试验

使用CCD相机搭建实验图像数据采集系统,采用花岗岩模拟坚硬顶底板、红砂岩模拟软岩层组合成岩层结构,近似还原顶板来压过程中软岩层的变形破坏过程,研究帮部"弹性核"对冲击地压至灾的影响机制。研究结果表明:(1)上覆顶板来压时,可将软岩层划分为塑性破坏区、弹性承压区、原岩应力区,弹性承压区易形成较大的弹性核。(2)软岩层变形能在弹性承压区大幅度积累,其积累过程是波动式上升的;在峰值荷载前,变形能积累和释放的频率加快;达到峰值荷载时,弹性承压区变形能存在明显的释放过程。(3)冲击地压发生时,塑性破坏区冲击并反作用于临近岩体使其短暂收缩。(4)冲击地压是一个渐进性的过程;一方面,由于水平约束的消失,弹性承压区的受力状态由水平方向受约束的压缩状转入单轴压缩态,导致其承载能力减弱;另一方面,承载区面积快速减小,导致软岩层承压区域承担的竖向荷载突增;两者共同作用导致冲击地压出现渐进性的冲击和破坏。     

灌浆技术在解决桥头跳车问题中的应用

简析高速公路产生桥头跳车的原因、危害、治理措施及灌浆技术的原理,阐述施工方法和灌浆效果检查方法,通过工程实例的运营情况验证应用灌浆技术解决桥头跳车问题的作用。     

云浮硫铁矿矿山地质环境问题及对策分析

云浮硫铁矿已开采多年,但开采中带来了一系列环境问题。本文通过对矿区进行的地质环境综合评价,查明了主要矿山地质环境存在的问题,并分析了其原因;利用敏感因子—综合分值评价法,对云浮硫铁矿矿山地质环境质量进行分区,提出了矿山地质环境恢复治理建议,最大程度的降低矿山开采对地质环境的不利影响,努力构建"和谐矿区,和谐社会",促进生态环境、经济和社会的协调可持续发展。     

Theory of the collapsed zone at the front of a coal seam and its effect on translatory rock bursting

If the slope of the uniaxial stress–strain diagram in the post-failure regime is steep enough, it is shown, using a simplified (‘elementary’) theory, that the frontal zone of a coal seam close to a cavity may suddenly collapse. This collapse, well known from in situ, evidence, is also shown to reduce in most cases the danger of initiation or the strength of a subsequent coal mine bump.     

Stability Assessment of a Pit Slope Under Blast Loading: A Case Study of Pasir Coal Mine

In Pasir mine, coal seams and host rocks of varying thickness have been uniquely deposited with an average dip angle of 85°. The host rocks are weak and mainly composed of mudstone and sandstone comprising of 90–95% of the total pit volume. The thickness of coal seams and host rocks ranges from sub-metric to few tenths of meter. The overall safe pit slope angle was evaluated to be 27° for mining depth of 50–150 m. Several slopes failure incidents have occurred in the mine causing considerable disruption in production and monetary loss. It is envisaged that slope failures may be triggered due to blasting conducted in steeply dipping stratified deposit. In order to investigate the causes of slope failures, peak particle velocity (PPV) and accelerations at various locations from the blast site have been measured. In addition, finite element models of pit slope have been analyzed by applying static or gravity loading as well as blasting or dynamic loading. This paper elaborates the results of in situ measurements of ground vibration and numerical investigation and suggests possible causes of slope failures in Pasir mine.     

Yield pillars for stress control in longwall mines — case study

Summary The demand for increased productivity and the problems associated with mining at greater depths have increased the interest in using the yield pillar concept in the United States. This paper summarizes chain pillar behaviour in a mine that historically experienced coal bumps in both room-and-pillar and longwall sections. Results indicate that, generally, the chain pillars yield as designed, but that yielding occurred either after development or with approach of the longwall face. The Bureau of Mines investigated several yield pillar design approaches to possibly explain observed differences in pillar behaviour. These approaches suggest that very localized conditions, such as coal and rock properties, cover depth, and extraction height, may influence the behaviour of any one pillar. At this mine, yielding chain pillars result in de-stressing of the longwall entries and the transfer of potentially dangerous stress concentrations to adjacent panels. Pre-longwall-mining behaviour indicates the existence of a pressure arch, the width of which increases with depth. Results indicate that use of yield pillars improves stress control, reduces bump potential, and increases resource recovery.     

武宁县煤矿矿山地质灾害发育现状及防治措施

江西省武宁县煤矿多属小型矿山,但小煤矿的开采同样会引起诸多矿山地质灾害问题,如废石乱堆乱放,诱发泥石流;不规范开采,造成区域地下水位下降,引起地面沉降、塌陷和矿井冒顶、突水、瓦斯爆炸等,这些问题需要评估和解决。对上述问题进行成因分析、危害性探讨,并针对每项矿山地质灾害问题提出相应的防治措施,可使该区地质灾害得到有效的控制。     

矿业开发环境地质链及其控制

从环境地质问题形成机制入手 ,研究矿业开发环境地质链的形成及结构 ,进而探讨矿业开发环境地质链时空特征以及环境地质链的控制思想和原则。最后以平顶山矿区矿业开发环境地质链控制为实例 ,阐述矿业开发环境地质链的控制方法和模型 ,在一定程度上为今后利用环境地质链控制的新方法和新思想解决矿山环境地质问题、实现矿业开发的可持续发展提供了理论和实践依据。     

Numerical Investigation of the Dynamic Mechanical State of a Coal Pillar During Longwall Mining Panel Extraction

This study presents a numerical investigation on the dynamic mechanical state of a coal pillar and the assessment of the coal bump risk during extraction using the longwall mining method. The present research indicates that there is an intact core, even when the peak pillar strength has been exceeded under uniaxial compression. This central portion of the coal pillar plays a significant role in its loading capacity. In this study, the intact core of the coal pillar is defined as an elastic core. Based on the geological conditions of a typical longwall panel from the Tangshan coal mine in the City of Tangshan, China, a numerical fast Lagrangian analysis of continua in three dimensions (FLAC^3D) model was created to understand the relationship between the volume of the elastic core in a coal pillar and the vertical stress, which is considered to be an important precursor to the development of a coal bump. The numerical results suggest that, the wider the coal pillar, the greater the volume of the elastic core. Therefore, a coal pillar with large width may form a large elastic core as the panel is mined, and the vertical stress is expected to be greater in magnitude. Because of the high stresses and the associated stored elastic energy, the risk of coal bumps in a coal pillar with large width is greater than for a coal pillar with small width. The results of the model also predict that the peak abutment stress occurs near the intersection between the mining face and the roadways at a distance of 7.5 m from the mining face. It is revealed that the bump-prone zones around the longwall panel are within 7–10 m ahead of the mining face and near the edge of the roadway during panel extraction.     

关于用生态工艺解决矿山环境污染问题的探讨

面对我们生存环境日趋恶化的现状,加快对矿山污染问题的解决已成当务之急。本文从提高对环境、生态系统的认识入手,提出用生态工艺解决矿山污染工作的办法。采矿、选矿使用生态工艺（闭路循环工艺）,使矿业活动的固体废弃物──围岩、废矿石、尾矿石建鱼鳞坑、梯田埂。实现“环境补偿”,从而提高了环境的自净能力,使矿业得以持续稳定地发展。     

栖霞市滑石矿东部矿井突水地质灾害及其防治对策

通过对山东栖霞滑石矿矿区水文地质条件的调查以及63线井-200中段工作面发生矿井突水造成的灾害分析,综合研究分析了矿井突水灾害基本特征及成因,在此基础上,探讨了矿井突水地质灾害的防治对策。     

广西矿产资源开发的环境问题与对策建议

广西因矿产资源开发而引发的环境问题比较普遍，矿山乱采滥挖，人为造成许多地质灾害，矿山在开采，选矿过程中产生的“三废”，容易造成环境的严重污染，上述问题制约了矿山的可持续发展，通过对问题的分析，探讨矿山地质环境保护的对策，提出两点建议。     

三山岛金矿F3断裂带的水文地质工程地质特征及灾害防治

本文对三山岛金矿F3断裂带的构造、岩性和水动力学特征进行了研究,对矿坑开挖中的突水和坑道碎屑流的成因做了探讨,并在水文地质结构、水化学、水同位素及水文地热学的综合研究基础上,对未来的二期井下工程开挖中可能出现的工程地质问题进行了预测,提出了防治方案。     

Development of a GIS-based monitoring and management system for underground coal mining safety

Coal mine safety is of paramount concern to mining industry. Mine accidents have various causes and consequences including catastrophic failure of mine, substantial economic losses and most notably loss of lives. Therefore, any initiative in mine monitoring is of vital importance for progressing safety surveillance and maintenance.This paper presents the development of a geographic information system (GIS)-based monitoring and management system for underground mine safety in three levels as constructive safety, surveillance and maintenance, and emergency. The developed model integrates the database design and management to the monitoring system implementation which encompasses query and analysis operations with the help of web and desktop applications. Interactive object-oriented graphical user interfaces (GUIs) were developed to visualize information about the entities gathered from the model and also to provide analysis operations based on the graphical representations and demonstrations using data tables and map objects.The research methodology essentially encompasses five main stages: (i) designing a conceptual database model; (ii) development of a logical model in terms of entity-relationship (ER) diagrams; (iii) development of a physical model based on physical constraints and requirements; (iv) development of GUIs and implementation of the developed model, analysis and queries; (v) verification and validation of the created model for Ömerler underground coal mine in Turkey. The proposed system is expected to be an efficient tool for improving and maintaining healthy standards in underground coal mines which can possibly be extended to a national GIS infrastructure.     

矿井涌水量混沌时间序列分析与预测

矿井地下水系统是个非线性系统,由于地下水系统的复杂性,很难完全确定影响矿井涌水量的因素,因此传统的矿井涌水预测表现出较大的局限性。而混沌时间序列分析能够利用单变量处理方法,分析矿井地下水系统中,由于多因素耦合作用所产生的矿井涌水量时间序列。通过对某矿区1985年9月至2005年2月矿井涌水量时间序列资料的分析,显示矿井涌水量时间序列具有混沌特征;通过对比预测值和实测值,表明预测精度高。因此,混沌时间序列分析方法用于矿井涌水量预测是可行的。     

岩体结构面间距的双参数负指数分布研究

通过对负指数分布模型函数的分析,推导了负指数分布的极大值函数,证明在岩体结构面实测数据的回归分析中,负指数分布存在局限性。改用双参数负指数分布作为模型函数后,能克服负指数分布的缺点,继承其优点,提高回归分析的拟合度。回归分析的方法使用最小二乘法曲线回归方法。在云南小湾水电站坝基槽边坡结构面的统计中,双参数负指数分布作为回归分析的模型函数得到了成功运用。     

Assessment of Chock Capacity and Strata Caving for a Longwall Mine

A mine scale numerical analysis of modern day longwall using a 3D Cosserat continuum method has been presented. The effect of mine specific geological conditions on viability of introducing a modern day longwall is comprehensively investigated and analysed in this paper. The various longwall parameters like chock (face support) convergence and strata caving mechanism are evaluated. The varying thickness of the sandstone present in the roof can be seen to have a strong impact on the magnitude and pattern of chock convergence. The paper also discusses the performance of chocks with different capacities under identical conditions. The effect of overlaying sandstone properties and width of the longwall panels have also been investigated. The analyses carried out in this study is expected to provide valuable process guidance during the mine design in relation to selecting the optimal mine geometry and support capacity so that the potential mining hazards could be minimized.