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方炜 《地震地磁观测与研究》2010,31(6):121-125
系统整理了2000年以来我国历次地震谣言事件,指出进入网络社会后,我国地震谣言传播出现了全新的特点。在对网络社会地震谣言的传播特点、传播路径和传播心理的深入分析后,提出了在当前网络社会地震谣言的应对策略。 相似文献
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地震谣言与地震误传的产生是一种社会心理现象。近十几年来,我国曾发生多起重大的地震谣言与地震误传事件,在一定时间和空间内造成了严重的社会心理异常,给社会经济发展带来很大损失。本文根据唐山地震的社会经济影响的调查材料和以往的有关研究成果,运用社会心理学的有关理论和方法,分析了地震谣言与地震误传产生、传播和控制的社会心理机制;提出了预防、控制和平息地震谣言与地震误传的方法和手段。 相似文献
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简述地震谣言的社会危害、特征、传播途径及引起民众恐慌的原因,着重论述正确识别地震谣言的有效方法和应对措施,探讨地震突发时如何正确应对地震。 相似文献
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汶川地震发生后,人们对地震这种自然现象更加关注,也产生了一定的恐惧心理.因此,近期国内发生的几次地震谣言事件的传播范围更加广泛、危害程度也日益严重.从公众心理的角度,对地震谣言的产生原因和传播过程进行了分析研究,并提出了以社区为基础进行形式多样的地震知识宣传、加强地震谣言的处理机制和应急预案建设的建议. 相似文献
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After an earthquake, earthquake emergency response and rescue are important ways to mitigate earthquake-induced losses. Various earthquake emergency maps can provide effective references and guidance to those actions. Currently, related studies include the investigation on symbols of emergency maps, remote sensing emergency mapping and GIS-based mapping methods. However, the existing studies overlook the characteristics of rapidity, dynamicity and variety of presentation methods in making earthquake emergency maps. In this paper, a map template matching method is used to quickly make earthquake emergency maps considering their characteristics. We take investigations on the service objects(users)of the earthquake emergency maps to understand the needs of making earthquake emergency maps. The audience theory in mass media field and map information transmission theory are adopted to classify the users of the earthquake emergency maps into four categories: earthquake emergency commanders, technical staffs for decision-making, earthquake emergency rescuers, and the public. The components of different types of users are described and then their diverse demands in earthquake emergency maps are analyzed, such as the needs of on-field disaster information maps, earthquake information maps, physical geography and social economic maps. Following those needs, we introduce the representation methods of the earthquake emergency maps according to their formats(vector or raster)and contents, such as point symbolization method, kilometer grid method, line symbolization method and range method. Then, we study the rapid plotting method of earthquake emergency map based on map template matching method. The core steps of the method include: 1)before earthquake, the templates of different earthquake emergency maps are designed, prepared and connect the earthquake emergency features with their related spatial database. The map layout and map elements are stored in the templates. 2)After earthquake, the earthquake emergency features will be generated from seismic models(such as attenuation model of earthquake magnitude and seismic intensity)or the information obtained from field investigation. 3)Corresponding earthquake emergency map template is selected in accordance with the generated seismic features. And the features are used to update related features inside the selected template. 4)Minor adjustments are made such as to the map scale and some map annotations to finally generate the formal earthquake emergency map. Architecture of template system of the earthquake emergency maps is designed, including map user level, map template level, template layer level and map element level. Regrading to the architecture, the general map template of earthquake emergency is presented which includes four main regions: title region, main picture region, auxiliary region and annotation region. The main picture region is the essential, which lays geographic background maps and earthquake emergency features. Finally, an earthquake emergency mapping system is developed. Based on the system, a case study is presented, which demonstrates making a simulated seismic intensity influence map. From three aspects, the case presents the application of the template-matching method including: generating earthquake emergency features, substituting the features inside the template with the generated features, and revising map annotations. Therefore, the map template matching method is verified so that it can be used to quickly generate various earthquake emergency maps. 相似文献
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系统梳理2020年7月12日唐山古冶区5.1级地震前出现的地震活动和地球物理观测等异常,结果如下:①地震活动:震前存在地震平静、小震高频、中等地震成组等中短期异常;②地球物理观测:震前主要为电磁和流体异常,短期异常主要分布在震中100 km范围内;③震后回溯:北京及周边震前存在地震发生率异常,利用其他综合方法主要识别出年尺度异常。此次唐山5.1级地震发生在1976年唐山7.8级地震余震区,而7.8级地震序列地震活动呈非均匀衰减特征。此次唐山5.1级地震震源机制为走滑型破裂,截至7月31日,序列b值为0.70、h值为1.8,序列参数基本正常。综合分析认为,此次地震发生前,地震活动中短期异常较显著,地球物理观测异常占比明显偏低;震前对该区域出现的中期和短期异常有所察觉,但短期异常的预测强度偏低,震后总结时按震前异常预测的地震强度为4—5级,接近实际发生地震的强度。 相似文献
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地震灾害基本特点及防震减灾对策的几点思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
摘要:本文从地震灾害的源一地震和地震灾害的客体一震区和社会环境两方面分析得出地震灾害的几个基本特点:瞬间突发性、破坏与损失的严重性、时空强不均匀性、次生灾害多样性等,并由此思考了防震减灾对策的几个问题。 相似文献
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利用地震活动图像演化动态跟踪、地震活动参数时间扫描及震群判定等目前较为成熟的地震预测方法,研究了2001年昆仑山口西8.1级地震前地震活动性异常.结果显示8.1级地震前地震活动性异常有序性明显,地震空区、地震条带、震群活动异常突出,且呈现配套特征.研究认为地震空区图像演化对揭示特大地震的孕育场有所帮助;大范围前兆震群活动是特大地震前多点应力积累、释放的前兆反应;结合地震活动参数扫描异常综合分析,特大地震前可能做出一定的中期-短期预测. 相似文献
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简要介绍强震动观测和地震预警技术及其在核电站工程中的应用情况.基于有关导则相关要求的介绍,对核电站强震观测系统的一般要求进行说明,分别以Beznau核电站和我国某核电站为例,介绍了强震仪测点的布置情况.以立陶宛Ignalina核电站为例,对地震预警技术在核电站中的应用情况做了分析和探讨.最后,提出了今后核电站地震观测和地震预警中值得关注的有关问题. 相似文献
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地震应急对策决策支持软件的设计与开发 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
基于空间决策支持技术,设计与开发了地震应急对策软件,在软件的总体设计、功能模块、数据库建设、地震应急对策模型及接口设计与模块集成等方面进行了研究与开发,并在“青岛市地震应急指挥决策支持软件系统”中得到实际应用和检验。实践证明,该软件能够实现城市地震灾害信息的科学管理,智能制定各种地震应急对策和生动的可视化,从而有效提高地震应急的效率和响应速度,为城市地震应急工作提供了有效的辅助决策手段;建成的“青岛市地震应急对策系统”对全国大中城市地震应急指挥技术系统的建设具有示范意义。 相似文献