1988年云南澜沧—耿马大地震前地震活动平静的统计研究

本文根据大地震前包含异常活动时段的地震序列全过程可以看作是非齐次泊松过程的理论，详细研究了１９８８年１１月澜沧－耿马大地震前（１９８０．１－１９８８．１０）澜沧到腾冲地区地震活动在时间和空间上的变化过程。     

1988年澜沧—耿马地震前地磁异常变化特征

分析了澜沧－耿马地震前地磁异常时间进程中的阶段性，根据形态和速度，可把分为趋势性异常和突发性异常。在空间上，压磁，感磁等机制引起的震效应主要分布在震中附近的有限区域内，震级越大，展布范围也越 大。     

云南澜沧、耿马地震前地磁变化异常

1988年8月底至9月底,横跨红河断裂布设8个测点进行三分量地磁短周期变化的同步连续观测。测点分布见图1.8个测点是:昆明、玉溪、峨山、杨武、元江、墨江、思茅、景洪。昆明及玉溪测点使用MFM-3磁饱和磁力仪,其它测点使用GM-1磁饱和磁力仪。MFM-3和GM-1仪的仪器噪声水平分别为0.02nT和0.05nT,温度系数均为0.5nT/℃。为了减少温度变化对观测的影响,观测时将仪器探头埋于地下。采取可见曲线记录仪记录地磁变化。H和D变化的记录灵敏度为1.333nT/mm,Z变化的记录灵     

1988年澜沧—耿马地震与滇西实验场的重力变化

本文对澜沧－耿马大地震前后滇西实验场的重力场时空变化特征进行了初步分析，结果表明，地震之前，滇西实验场的重力变化有一个上升、下降的变化过程，地震发生在重力变化下降时段，震后迅速恢复。     

1988年云南澜沧—耿马7.6级地震前热力场的研究

本根据云南深井精密地温观测网的实测值,求得震前（１９８８年１０月１日－２８日短临变温场;参照张之立热应力模型解析法,同时采用热力差分有限元法;详细计算与展示了震前热应力场与本次地震的关系。经研究表明：９１）该次地城前出现了强烈的热异常,其最大热异常梯度带位于未来强震区（澜沧－耿马）附近;最大热异常时段出现于临震前（１９８８年１０月１日－２８日）。最大热异常梯度带的变温值－浅层（２００ｍ左右深处的     

1988年11月6日澜沧—耿马地震的水氡异常

本文研究了1988年11月6日澜沧、耿马7.6和7.2级地震的水氡异常,认为:1.震前中期、短期及临震各阶段异常均有显示;2.中期异常是趋势性上升的高值异常,它占全部异常的比例,与国内其它几次7级地震相比较略偏低;3.短期异常中有高值和低值异常,位于震中区及北西向腾冲-耿马地震带上的水氡观测点,以氡浓度降低的负异常为主要特征;4.震中周围300公里内未发现临震异常,它多出现在300—500公里范围内,特别集中在小江断裂带上。     

澜沧—耿马地震前的地震活动条带与空区

1988年11月6日滇西南发生了澜沧7.6级、耿马7.2级强烈地震,两震相距70公里。本文分析了大震活动的条带与空区特征。这两次地震之前既有M≥4.5地震活动条带,又有M≥3.5地震空区,条带与空区相连接。空区是震前三年多开始出现,震前半年消失的;条带是前一年多时间内形成的,条带的迅速形成深入到空区之内,促使了空区的消失。澜沧7.6级地震发生在两个条带的交汇部位,也是条带的端部、空区的边缘;耿马7.2级地震则发生在空区之内。     

1988年澜沧—耿马地震前震源区应力状态分析

利用1973年1月1日至1988年11月5日云南区域地震台网记录的地震资料,获得了1988年澜沧—耿马地震前震源及附近区域多个地震活动性参数的空间分布图像,初步揭示了震前震源区应力状态.结果表明:澜沧—耿马地震之前,研究区地震活动性参数分布具有显著的空间不均匀性特征.澜沧7.6级地震震源区以低于0.7的异常低b值、低a值以及整个研究区最短的局部复发间隔Tl值为特征,表明震源所在断裂段在震前已处于高应力闭锁状态,具有发生大震的应力条件.     

Statistical Research on the Seismic Quiescence Before the 1988 Lancang-Gengma Earthquakes with M=7.6 and 7.2 in Yunnan Province,China

In this paper,the temporal and spatial variation process of seismicity in areas from Lancang to Tengchong before the 1988 Lancang-Gengma earthquakes(M=7.6,7.2),January 1980 to October 1988,is studied in detail according to the theory that the whole process of earthquake sequence in the time stage of anomalous seismicity before a strong event may be considered as the non-homogeneous Poisson process.The results demonstrate that(1)from April 1985 to April 1988,there existed an obvious difference of seismicity in spatial distribution in the whole region; to the north of Lancang,there occurred two seismic quiescent belts:one is 210 km long for M≥3.5 events and anotheris 160 km long for M≥3.0 events; therefore,this may be classified into four sub-regions from south to north,that is,the south region,the mid-region,the mid'-region,and the north region.(2)Before the mainshocks,there existed anomalous seismic quiescence for as Song as 42 months in the mid-region(M≥3.5)and 32.5 months in the mid'-region(M≥3.0)     

印尼8.7、8.5级远震对云南地区小震的激发和地下流体异常响应初探

2004年12月26日和2005年3月29日,印度尼西亚苏门答腊西北海域相继发生8.7和8.5级地震。通过对这两次地震与云南地震活动关系和地下流体记录异常变化的分析,认为:印尼两次8级地震的发生可能会使云南提前进入新一轮强震活跃期;远震对云南地区小震的激发和导致地下流体记录出现异常变化的因素虽然都与大地震面波的强弱、地质构造环境等有关,但机理不同。     

Analysis on the Regional Features of Coda Attenuation Before and After the 1992 Qina (M_S= 5.4, 5.1) Earthquakes in WYEPSA

Using the theoretical model of coda scattering from local earthquakes, we have studied the features of time-space variations of the attenuation rate β of coda amplitude and coda Qc-1 values before and after the Qina earthquakes (MS5.4 and MS5.1) in Dec. 1992 in West Yunnan Earthquake Prediction Study Area (WYEPSA). The study results show that the attenuation rate of coda amplitude has remarkable regional inhomogeneity in the near-field (△ <50 km) around the main shock: β = 0.0076 s-1 and Qc-1 = 0.0056 during the main shock while (3 = 0.0209 s-1 and Qc-1 = 0.0153 during the aftershock. The Qc-1 value shows an approximate 3-foid variation before and after the main shock. We have also obtained the regional averages of β = 0.0235 s-1 and Qc-1 = 0.0153, which show that the coda attenuation in surrounding areas (△ > 50 km) far away from the epicenter of the main shock did not change much before and after the main shock. The evolution of Qc-1 values of the main seismic sequence with time has passed throug     

Distribution of seismic intensities of the November 6, 1988, Lancang-Gengma earthquakes and their surface ruptures in Yunnan Province, China

On November 6, 1988, two earthquakes with magnitude>7 occurred on the Lancang-Gengma fault zone in south-west China. The extensive destruction and loss of lives resulted mainly from widespread collapse of unreinforced masonry and mud brick structures; the maximum preliminary intensity of the Lancang earthquakes was IX on the Chinese scale, which is similar to the Modified Mercall scale, and the highest preliminary intensity of the Gengma earthquake was probably X. The surface manifestation of tectonic activity of the Lancang earthquake was the occurrence of the earthquake-related extensional ground cracks and small fault scarps in the epicentral region. The cracks with small fault scarps occurred mainly in four relatively continuous north-northwest-trending linear zones that ranged from a few hundred meters to 6 km in length. The area within which the cracks and small scarps occurred is 35 km long by 3 km wide. The maximum net throw and the dextral horizontal offset were 1.5m and 1.4m, respectively. Clear evidence of new surface faulting caused by the Gengma earthquake includes a series of relatively continuous north-northwest-trending linear ground crack zones and a 5 km long section of fault scarps. The total length of the surface rupture zones of the Gengma earthquakes is about 24 km, with 3.5m maximum net throw and 3m maximum right-lateral slip. Both earthquakes were associated with surface faulting showing a combination of normal and right lateral motion. The distribution of seismic intensities and surface rupture characteristics of these two earthquakes are discussed in this paper. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 344–353, 1991. The research project was performed out under the direction of Professors. Xingyuan Ma and Yuntai Chen, and the field investigation was performed with help of Kui Jiang and Junchang Zhang of the Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province. Here the authors express great appreciation.     

Study on Statistical Features About Weak Earthquake Activity Before Moderately Strong Earthquakes in the Middle Northern Part of the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Block

In regards to the earthquakes recording M ≥ 5.0 that occurred in middle northern part of the Qinghai-Xizang （Tibet） Block from 1970 - 2003, in this study we describe the temporal and spatial centralization features of the weak earthquakes and the enhancement and anomalous quiescence of their seismic activity before main shocks through 4 parameters, which are basically not correlated： earthquake time centralization degree parameter Ct, earthquake space centralization degree parameter Cd, η value and weak earthquake frequency and so on. On the basis of calculation results, it has been seen that before earthquakes with M ≥ 5.0 took place in the middle northern part of the Qinghal-Xizang （Tibet） Block, the frequency of weak earthquakes often shows ascent and drop, their strength shows an obvious enhancement and the centralization distribution with time and space is evident.     

1976年唐山7.8级地震震区现今地震震源机制分析

利用首都圈数字地震台网记录,采用双差定位法对1976年唐山地震震区近年来发生的中小地震重新定位,获得1998个高精度结果,据此将震区划分为中、东、西3个分布特征不同的区.唐山7.8级主震所在的中区南部地震分布走向NNE,主震震中北部转为NE向;滦县7.1级余震所在的东区地震分布呈"丁"字形;宁河6.9级余震所在的西区地震分布没有明显优势方向.反演得到198个地震的震源机制解,对进一步划分的5个子区分别给出平均解的应力轴取向,并结合震源位置讨论了唐山地震序列的震源构造.     

Moment tensor inversion of the November 6, 1988 M S=7.6, Lancang-Gengma, China, earthquake using long-period body-waves data

Moment tensor inversion was carried out to invert the source mechanism and source time function of the MS=7.6 November 6, 1988, Lancang-Gengma, Yunnan Province, China, earthquake. Waveforms of long-period body-waves recorded by China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN) were used in the inversion. The inverted result shows one nodal plane of right-lateralstrike-slip faulting and another of left-lateral strike-slip faulting and a simple source time function of a duration of about 15 s and scalar seismic moment of 6.4(1020 N(m. From the geological dataand tectonic settings and also from field observations and epicentral distribution of aftershocks, the nodal plane striking in the azimuth of 313( is preferred as the fault plane. The pressure axis lies almosthorizontally in north-south direction.     

华北北部地区3次强震前地下流体异常场及其形成与演化机理

通过系统地收集与整理１９８９年１０月１９日大同－阳高Ｍｓ６．１、１９９６年５月３日包头西Ｍｓ６．４与１９９８年１月１０日张北－尚义Ｍｓ６．２地震前地下流体异常资料,对比与综合分析了异常的形态特征、空间展布特征、时间变化特征与时空演化特征,进而提出华北北部地区地下流体中短期异常场的形成与演化机理。研究结果表明,中期异常场是区域构造活动的强化产生了地下流体的短期异常场,震源体发展到临震阶段时在震中区生     

Process of source dynamics of the Jingtai earthquake (M=6. 2 )

ＰｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｓｏｕｒｃｅｄｙｎａｍｉｃｓｏｆｔｈｅＪｉｎｇｔａｉｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ（Ｍ＝６．２）Ｘｕｅ－ＢｉｎＤＵ（杜学彬）；Ｚｈｉ－ＤｅＹＡＮ（闫志德）ａｎｄＭｉｎｇ－ＷｕＺＯＵ（邹明武）（ＥａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕ...     

中国大陆及大华北、云南的地震平静指标——不同层次地震平静异常预测效能研究之二

本文针对中国大陆、大华北和云南,利用过去积累的30多年地震资料,经过多种方案试算、评分检验,明确了平静指标和预测规则,找到了合适的研究平静预测的震级下限M0、预测震级M1、平静异常时间T1与预测时间T2等最佳参数组合,可以取得高于置信水平为97.5%的区别随机瞎报的阈值R0的R评分值。