康滇古陆西侧龙马溪组黑色页岩地球化学特征及其地质意义

为查明康滇古陆西侧龙马溪组黑色岩系的地质成因及沉积环境,指导区域页岩气勘探开发,对宁蒗盆地东南缘李子河地区龙马溪组岩层开展了详细的元素地球化学研究。结果表明,研究区硅质含量较高(SiO₂值为64.78%~96.89%),Al₂O₃与TiO₂呈正相关,SiO₂/A1₂O₃与A1₂O₃呈负相关,这种相关关系表明该区硅质岩系为非纯硅质岩,含有较高比例的陆源泥质沉积物。Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值(0.53~0.75)、Fe/Ti值(6.38~14.96)、(Fe+Mn)/Ti值(6.40~18.20)、Si/(Si+Al+Fe)值(0.82~0.99)及Al-Fe-Mn三角图解综合显示出生物沉积硅质岩的特点。MnO₂/TiO₂值(0.005~1.20)、δCe值(0.46~0.92)、相关构造判别图解以及稀土元素分布形式特点均说明源区形成于接近大陆边缘的深水-半深水沉积环境。沉积期水体盐度指标m值(4.96~36.88)、CaO/(Fe+CaO)值(0.017~0.83)以及氧化还原指标δCe负异常、δEu正异常、Ce/La值(1.04~2.09)等元素特征指示其沉积于还原条件下低中等盐度海水环境,这种环境下适合有机质的富集和保存。高有机碳(TOC)与高硅质含量显示弱的负相关,说明生物成因硅质岩是造成高TOC的主要原因,而陆源物质硅对有机质进行稀释和破坏反而降低了TOC含量。受上述成因构造及沉积环境的影响,在宁蒗盆地李子河地区龙马溪组形成一套品质较好的富有机质烃源岩储层,具有一定的页岩气地质评价意义。     

贵州印江县铁厂村老堡组硅质岩地球化学特征及沉积环境探讨

通过岩性组合特征和岩石地球化学分析,认为贵州印江县铁厂村老堡组硅质岩的沉积环境为台地边缘斜坡至台盆。硅质主要来源于陆源碎屑,不具热水沉积的特征。岩石地球化学特征研究表明,V/（V+Ni）值指示老堡组硅质岩形成于静海环境,受陆源的影响较大。δCe值和（La/Ce）_N值表明老堡组硅质岩的沉积环境为开阔盆地和大陆边缘之间,构造背景为大陆边缘。     

广西东南部钦防海槽晚古生代硅质岩地球化学特征及其地质意义*

广西东南部钦防海槽地区晚古生代硅质岩十分发育。对硅质岩主量元素、微量元素及稀土元素的分析结果表明:该区晚古生代硅质岩含有较高的SiO₂,硅化程度较高;除上泥盆统弗拉斯阶及下石炭统硅质岩具有较低的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值(0.14～0.24;0.07～0.81)及较高的U/Th值(0.34～5.09;0.16～10.1)外,其他层位硅质岩具有较高的Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值(0.4～0.95)及较低的U/Th值(0.1～2.1);上泥盆统硅质岩稀土元素比值Ce/Ce^*、La_N/Yb_N及La_N/Ce_N值分别为0.78～1.08、0.4～1.52和0.88～1.35,而下石炭统硅质岩具有较低的Ce/Ce^*值(0.55～0.91)、La_N/Yb_N值(0.12～1.8)及较高的 La_N/Ce_N值(1.12～1.79),中下二叠统硅质岩Ce/Ce^*、La_N/Yb_N及La_N/Ce_N值分别为1.01～1.62、0.72～2.71和0.62～1.9。钦防海槽晚古生代硅质岩地球化学特征表明:晚泥盆世钦防海槽发生扩张,热液活动比较强烈,处于大陆边缘海环境;早石炭世钦防海槽再次发生扩张,热液活动强烈,硅质岩形成于远离陆源的深海海盆环境;早中二叠世,钦防海槽逐渐收缩,海水变浅。钦防海槽晚古生代并没有出现真正的洋壳,可能属于晚古生代古特提斯分支洋盆的一个坳拉槽盆地。     

信江盆地石炭纪硅质岩地球化学特征及沉积环境意义

在信江盆地中存在数层和石炭纪海相火山岩及其海底块状硫化物矿层相伴生,与石炭纪地层整合产出的层状硅质岩。由对硅质岩常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素、硅和氧同位素等地球化学特征研究表明,本区硅质岩具有一定的热水沉积硅质岩地球化学特征。在Al-Fe-Mn和Fe-Mn-(Ni+Co+Cu)三角图上,本区硅质岩属热水沉积硅质岩。由硅质岩MnO/TiO2比值、δCe值和δ30Si值分析表明,信江盆地石炭纪硅质岩的沉积环境主要为浅海。     

江西金山矿区硅质岩的发现及其地质意义

通过野外地质调查和系统的岩石学及常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征的研究,探讨了金山矿区硅质岩的成因和大地构造环境。通过测试分析,显示区内硅质岩贫Al₂O₃、TiO₂,富As、Sb、Hg、Au、Ag、W、Pb,贫∑REE,δ(Eu)为负异常,δ（Ce）为弱正异常,HREE相对富集等热水沉积物的特征,同时也表明在硅质岩的形成过程中有陆源物质的介入。在判别硅质岩的形成与作用的一系列图解上,样品均落在热水沉积作用和形成于大陆边缘环境的范围内,这与一些特征值w(Fe)/w(Ti)、w(Fe+Mn)/ w(Ti)、w(Al)/w(Al+Fe+Mn)、w(MnO)/w(TiO₂)、δ(Ce)等的分析结果相吻合。这种硅质岩的发现与对比结果说明了该区域构造演化的复杂性。在晚古生代加里东运动使赣东北地区壳体断裂拉张,形成断陷盆地,并发生了热水喷流沉积成岩成矿作用。金山金矿床在形成过程中还经历了古生代热水成矿作用的叠加改造。     

Geochemical criteria of the Upper Sinian cherts of hydrothermal origin on the southeast continental margin of the Yangtze plate

The Upper Sinian bedded cherts are widely distributed on the southeast continental margin of the Yangtze plate, with a total thickness ranging from 20 to 150 m. The cherts are very simple in chemical composition, with the contents of siliceous minerals exceeding 90% and those of other mineral species being very low. The total content of trace elements is considerably variable. The contents of most trace elements are low as compared with their crust clarke values. But these cherts are very rich in the trace elements Ba, As, Ab, Ag and U, coupled with relatively high contents of Fe, Mn and low contents of Al, Ti, and Mg. It can be identified as the cherts of hydrothermal origin in terms of the values of Fe/Ti, (Fe + Mn)/Ti, Al/ (Al + Fe + Mn) and U/Th. In the Al-Fe-Mn, and Fe-Mn-(Cu + Ni + Co) × 10 diagrams and lg [U]-lg[Th], Cr-Zr diagrams, all the samples from the area studied fall within the hydrothermal sediment field. All these characteristics show that the cherts are mainly the product of hydrothermal processes. The fact that the δ³⁰Si values of the chert range from 0.0‰ to 0.7‰ with §¹⁸O from 20.l‰ to 23.6‰ clearly manifests that the submarine hydrothermal water is the main source of silica.     

贵州遵义二叠系锰矿区硅质岩成因及成矿意义

贵州遵义二叠系锰矿底部发育一套特殊的硅质岩建造,该套硅质岩环绕锰矿富集区呈墙状产出,习称“白泥塘层”硅质岩或“城墙式”硅质岩,其与锰矿成矿作用之间有着紧密的成因联系。详细地野外地质调查发现,该套硅质岩具有条带状、角砾状和块状构造,其中钢灰色、黑色锰质细脉穿插于条带硅质岩之中,角砾状构造硅质岩多沿锰矿体周边分布。10 件硅质岩样品元素地球化学分析表明 ,硅质岩具有较高的 SiO₂（80.55% ～99.56%）和Fe₂O₃（0.47%～13.76 %）, 较低的Al₂O₃（0.05%～4.06%）和TiO₂（0～0.49%）, 指示其形成过程中陆源碎屑物质参与较少。（La/Ce）比值和Ce 异常值特征指示硅质岩形成于深水裂陷盆地中,环N 境条件为还原状态。Fe-Mn-Al 和SiO₂-Al₂O₃ 图解显示, 硅质岩主要落入热水沉积区内或其附近区域。硅质岩Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）均值为0.26、（La/Ce）_N 值为1.51～2.34、 Y/Ho 值为 30.64～43.91,Eu/Eu^* 值为0.96～1.67,且硅质岩稀土配分模式与热水沉积硅质岩类似,这些特征集中表明硅质岩成岩过程中有明显的热水物质参与,属于热水成因硅质岩,这为遵义二叠系锰矿床热水喷流沉积成因提供了新的佐证。     

Geochemical Characteristics of Wuyang Siliceous Rocks in the Southern Margin of North China Craton and its Constraint on the Formation Environment of BIF of Tieshanmiao Formation

Precambrian banded iron formation(BIF) is one of the most important mineral resources in China, mostly abundant in the North China Craton(NCC) with relatively less common in South China. Since the BIF and siliceous rocks both originated from chemical deposition, the syngenetic BIF and Siliceous rocks can help evaluate their environment of formation. We examine here the mineralogy and geochemistry of siliceous rocks associated with the Tieshanmiao Formation BIF, aiming to decipher the conditions of formation of both BIF and Siliceous rocks in the Wuyang area in the NCC. Analysis of the geochemical characteristics of whole rock shows that the Si O2 content of the siliceous rock ranges from 90.11% to 94.85% and is relatively high overall. Trace element contents of Ba and U are also high, the Ba/Sr ratio ranges from 3.89 to 25.28 and the U/Th ratio ranges from 0.09 to 0.20. Finally, the ΣREE value of rare earth elements ranges from 57.03 ppm to 152.59 ppm, and these indexes all indicate that siliceous rock resulted from hydrothermal deposition. Plots of Al2 O3-Si O2, Si O2/(K2 O+Na2 O)-Mn O2/Ti O2 and Mn-10×(Cu+Co+Ni)-Fe in discrimination diagrams also verify this interpretation. However, both the Mg O content, ranging from 0.16 to 0.32, and the Fe/Ti ratio, ranging from 2.50 to 9.72, suggest that terrigenous material was added during the depositional process. Major and trace element parameters of siliceous rock, such as the Al/(A1+Fe+Mn) ratio(from 0.81 to 0.93), Mn O/Ti O2(from 0.00 to 0.17), Al/(Al+Fe)(from 0.82 to 0.93), Sc/Th ratio(from 0.21 to 0.50), U/Th(from 0.09 to 0.20),(La/Yb)N(from 0.83 to 3.04), and the(La/Ce)N(from 0.01 to 0.02) all imply that the siliceous rock formed in a continental margin. In addition, the Sr/Ba ratio from 0.08 to 0.26, the δCe value from 0.31 to 0.90, and the δEu value from 0.14 to 0.58, all indicate that the siliceous rock was formed at a relatively deeper water depth and under weak hydrodynamic conditions. Siliceous rock and BIF formed in the same geological setting, with the Si O2/(K2 O+Na2 O) ratio of siliceous rock ranging from 28.61 to 47.43, the Si O2/Al2 O3 ratio from 16.53 to 32.37, and the Si O2/Mg O ratio from 287.28 to 592.81, which are all in agreement with chemical deposition associated with volcanic eruptions. The Al2 O3/Ti O2 ratio from 37.82 to 50.30 indicates that the magma source of siliceous rock was of slightly intermediate composition. During the Late Archean in the Wuyang area, the high concentration and high purity Si O2 quickly precipitated from hydrothermal fluids to finally result in the accumulation of siliceous rock in a marginal sea, while the input corresponding to iron formation components was deposited to form iron formation layers, and limestone was only the product formed during the deposition intervals of siliceous rock and iron formations. In this study, the synsedimentary siliceous rocks of BIF act as a new way to provide direct evidence to understand the formation environment of BIF due to its high geochemical stability.     

早寒武世早期热液沉积特征:以塔里木盆地西北缘玉尔吐斯组底部硅质岩系为例

埃迪卡拉纪-寒武纪重要地质历史转折时期全球多陆块广泛沉积硅质岩.塔里木盆地西北缘下寒武统玉尔吐斯组底部所发育的薄层状硅质岩,以富含残余颗粒、磷质结核和重晶石结核而显得非常特殊和罕见,明显有别于国内外报道的常规硅质岩.为了揭示该套硅质岩的成因及沉积模式,通过剖面测量（库勒剖面）、薄片鉴定、SEM观察、能谱探针、主微量元素特征、氧硅同位素分布等岩石学-地球化学分析方法,认为玉尔吐斯组硅质岩垂向上共分5小段,其主要矿物是石英、白云石,自生矿物主要有重晶石、方沸石、黄铁矿等,不同硅质岩段微观结构显示出十分明显的组构变化,包含残余颗粒结构、残余晶粒结构、隐晶质结构和微晶结构.所测剖面硅质岩沉积于靠近大陆/古隆起的高盐度浅海陆架（高Al₂O₃/（Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃）比值,高MgO/Al₂O₃比值）,其陆源碎屑主要来自大陆地壳或基底花岗岩的风化产物,并且受到SiO₂的稀释作用影响（Th/Ti与Al/Ti关系）.氧化还原敏感元素（如Ba、V、Ni、Cu、Zn、U等）不同程度的富集及氧化还原指标（V/Cr介于0.81~8.34）特征表明硅质岩段沉积早期处于氧化环境,水体能量较强,显微镜下见圆度较好的内碎屑颗粒、微生物席碎片;中晚期经历了水体循环不畅的有氧/缺氧分层环境（Ce/Ce*负异常）,显微镜下微生物球粒、粪球粒、浮游藻（粘结）团块发育,有机质含量较高（TOC可达2%以上）.稀土元素特征（低∑REE、中等Ce负异常、显著的Y正异常和Eu正异常）以及δ30Si和δ18O值分布范围暗示硅质岩地球化学特征主要继承自热液流体和海水,受陆源碎屑影响较弱.自近台内裂陷中心上升的富含多金属的富硅热液以及陆源碎屑提供大量营养,为微生物大繁盛和硅质的富集成矿奠定物质基础.水体中硅的溶解度降低（温度降低、pH降低和水体盐度升高）促使硅质胶体颗粒化学沉淀,而微生物（特别是嗜热微生物）的新陈代谢活动往往加速了这一过程.      

赣东北地区不同时代硅质岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义

赣东北地区硅质岩各时代均有不同程度的发育,各时代硅质岩的SiO2含量变化范围为74．90％～97．19％,Si／Al为10．84～93．21,与Al2O3呈较好的负相关关系,表明它们含有较高比例的陆源泥质沉积物,硅质岩样品的Al2O3／(Al2O3+F2O3)=0．60～0．99,Ce／Ce=0．99～1．22,(La／Ce)N=0．91～1．83,V／Y<5．78,Ti／V>17。上述特征表明本区硅质岩形成于大陆边缘构造环境,而与大洋盆地及洋中脊构造环境无关。自古生代以来,该地区没有出现深海大洋盆地环境。     

浙西石炭纪层状硅质岩地球化学特征及其意义

在浙西石炭纪地层中存在与地层整合产出的层状硅质岩。硅质岩中ＦｅＯ、ＭｎＯ、ＴｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＭｇＯ、ＣａＯ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、Ｋ２Ｏ等含量相对较高，富集Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ、Ａｕ、Ａｇ、Ｇａ，Ｆｅ２Ｏ３／ＦｅＯ、ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＯ２／（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋Ｋ２Ｏ）、ＳｉＯ２／ＭｇＯ比值较小，稀土元素总量低，Ｃｅ弱负异常，重稀土相对富集，包裹体富含气相组份ＣＨ４、ＣＯ２、Ｎ２、ＣＯ、Ｈ２，具热水沉积硅质岩的地球化学特征。在Ｆｅ—Ｍｎ—（Ｎｉ＋Ｃｏ＋Ｃｕ）三角图及ＳｉＯ２—Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＯ２—Ｆｅ２Ｏ３图上均属于热水沉积硅质岩。硅质岩中硅、氧同位素也显示其热水成因之特点。硅质岩的硅同位素和稀土元素Ｃｅ／Ｃｅ※值表明本区层状硅质岩主要是在浅海环境下沉积的。硅质岩的形成温度较高，为９８℃～１５２℃     

鄂西南利川二叠纪吴家坪组硅质岩成因及沉积环境

鄂西南利川吴家坪组硅质岩与海相石煤及多层火山粘土岩共生,产海绵骨针及放射虫化石,放射虫组合以泡沫虫类为主,内射球虫类次之,隐管虫类很少,代表外陆棚沉积环境。硅质岩的陆源元素Al、Ti含量较高,热水来源元素Fe、Mn含量较低,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值在0.64~0.83之间,平均值0.73。在Al-Fe-Mn三角图中,样品位于或紧邻非热水沉积区,在 SiO₂- (K₂O+Na₂O)、SiO₂-Al₂O₃, (K₂O+Na₂O)-Al₂O₃ 图解中大多数样品落在火山成因区,少数位于火山成因与生物成因区之间。相对于沉积岩的微量元素丰度,生命元素Mo、V富集,指示热水沉积的特征元素Ba、As、Sc亏损。∑REE较低,∑LREE/∑HREE平均值为3.02,Ce、Eu均轻度负异常（δCe:0.75~0.83,平均值0.79;δEu:0.61~0.95, 平均值0.84）,经北美页岩标准化后稀土元素配分曲线近水平。以上地球化学特征表明研究区硅质岩属火山成因,并伴有生物作用。氧化还原判别指标U/Th、V/(V+Ni)及Ce_anom,沉积环境判别指标MnO/TiO₂,La_N/Yb_N 与判别图解100×TFe₂O₃/SiO₂-100 Al₂O₃/SiO₂、TFe₂O₃/(100-SiO₂)-Al₂O₃/(100-SiO₂)、TFe₂O₃/TiO₂-Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃+TFe₂O₃)、La_N/Ce_N-Al₂O₃/(Al₂O₃+TFe₂O₃)与∑LREE/∑HREE-100×Eu/∑REE一致表明硅质岩形成于大陆边缘缺氧环境。     

鄂尔多斯盆地煤成烃潜力与成气热模拟实验

鄂尔多斯盆地煤的Ｒｏｃｋ Ｅｖａｌ分析结果表明，在肥煤—焦煤阶段，Ｓ１＋Ｓ２达最大值，随后生烃潜力减弱。煤的Ｐｙ ＧＣ分析及热模拟成气实验结果证实煤成气具有３个生气高峰，分别相应于Ｒｏ，ｍ０５％～０７％、１０％～１４％及２５％，表明煤成气具多阶段性的特点。这一规律性的认识有助于煤成气的勘探和开发。同时，随煤级增高，煤成烃特征亦发生有规律的变化：异构烃减少，正构烃增加；类异戊二烯烷烃分布亦存在多变性或多阶段的演化特点；苯系化合物具波动性变化特征。     

扬子陆块东南缘黑色岩系铀多金属成矿体系和成矿机制

扬子陆块东南缘发生过大规模的铀多金属成矿作用是不争的事实。该区硅质岩和磷块岩样品Fe/Ti、（Fe＋Mn）/Ti、Al/（Al＋Fe＋Mn）等含量比值和微量元素Ni-Co-Zn三角图解表明,硅质岩、硅质磷块岩主要为热水沉积作用的产物。磷块岩在La/Yb-REE图解中,投影点处于玄武岩区,显示其成矿物质来源与深部地质作用有关。稀土元素配分模式落在已知的典型热水沉积物上、下限之间,而在正常沉积物之外。笔者认为,该区发生的大规模铀多金属成矿作用受控于陆缘裂陷成矿环境,陆缘裂陷热水沉积作用或喷气-沉积作用是扬子陆块东南缘发生大规模铀成矿作用的重要机制。     

赣西七宝山钴铅锌矿床碧玉岩的发现及对矿床成因的制约

对赣西七宝山钴铅锌矿中的碧玉岩进行岩石学、地球化学研究,可为矿床成因及区域海底火山活动成矿作用提供地质证据。赣西七宝山钴铅锌矿床为中型钴矿床,主矿体产于石炭系黄龙组铁白云岩中,矿石结构以粒状、胶状结构为主,块状、层纹状硫化物矿体与新发现的碧玉岩空间相依,同地产出,密切相伴,互相包夹,表明其与成矿具有密切的共生关系,属同期沉积产物;碧玉岩主量、微量、稀土数据表明,其具有高硅贫铝富铁、锰特征,Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）值为0.13~0.16,与热水成因的硅质岩相当;富集Rb、Ba、U、La、Zr、Hf元素,亏损K、Nd、P、Ti元素,U/Th值为185.83~373.85,Y/Ho值为26.88~50.00,稀土元素总量低,为0.88×10-6~2.16×10-6,LREE/HREE值介于0.07~0.36之间,轻、重稀土元素分馏程度不高,Ce无异常,δEu中等负异常,显示碧玉岩物质来源于深部海底热水,少量同生海水混合形成,形成于晚古生代陆缘裂谷海槽环境。研究成果为矿床属于海底火山喷流沉积成因提供了直接有利的证据。     

湘赣中、上奥陶统烟溪组、对耳石组硅质岩成因

华南地区中-上奥陶统浅海半深海环境中广泛发育了一套高硅岩石,主要分布于湖南烟溪组和江西对耳石组。该套硅质岩呈东西条带状发育于扬子板块与华夏板块之间,地层厚度从东南到西北逐渐减薄,岩层多呈薄层状,含放射虫Protoentactinia sp.,部分岩样放射虫含量超过50%。分析结果表明,生物Si和陆源Si为本区硅质岩Si的重要来源,生物化学成因特征明显。硅质岩Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)比值＞0.45,K2O/Na2O比值范围为1.55~42.11,由微量元素Ni、V、B、Cr与Al2O3关系图来看,二者关系表现为部分线性、部分离散,U/Th比值为0.72。湘赣中部地区硅质岩中稀土元素含量偏高,东南部Ce元素略呈负异常,研究区∑LREE≈∑HREE,表明衡阳到赣州一带受一定火山、热水活动的影响。     

新疆备战火山岩型铁矿床大哈拉军山组碳酸盐岩中铁矿体的发现及成因意义

新疆西天山备战铁矿床出露下石炭统大哈拉军山组海相火山喷发-沉积碎屑岩夹碳酸盐岩建造, 前人认为矿区铁矿体赋存在中-基性火山岩中, 主要为岩浆-热液成因。本文作者对矿区进行了剖面测量和钻孔岩芯编录, 发现在碳酸盐岩地层中也发育有铁矿体, 该矿体由纹层状、浸染状、条带状和块状矿石组成, 前三种矿石组成贫矿体, 呈层状分布于碳酸盐岩中; 块状矿石组成富矿体, 呈脉状产出于不同围岩界面及裂隙中。对矿区的碳酸盐岩进行了岩相学、地球化学和同位素分析, 认为区内碳酸盐岩包括灰岩、硅质灰岩、白云岩、钙质白云岩和大理岩等, 含矿岩石主要是白云岩。碳酸盐岩的碳同位素δ¹³C_V-PDB值(3.0‰~5.2‰)变化小, 而氧同位素δ¹⁸O_V-PDB值(-21.7‰~-12.3‰)变化大, 与成岩作用及热液活动有关; 灰岩和硅质灰岩的U/Th(< 0.5)、Ni/Co(2.99~7.59)和V/Cr(1.37~2.32)比值相对较低, δCe(0.85~1.02)异常不明显, 硅质灰岩中含有较高的SiO₂(>15%)和Al₂O₃(>3%), 其中还有硅质岩夹层, 指示其沉积环境为受陆源碎屑混染作用影响的酸性、氧化环境。白云岩的U/Th(>0.5)、Ni/Co(6.01~-18.36)、V/Cr(2.06~5.38)比值适中, δCe(0.83~0.98)具有负异常, 岩石含有硫化物和有机质, 很少有陆源碎屑混染, 指示白云岩沉积环境为碱性、还原环境, 利于Fe²⁺的溶解及铁胶体沉淀成矿。矿相学和矿物化学研究表明, 碳酸盐岩中的纹层状和浸染状矿石的磁铁矿分别是铁胶体后期转化和黄铁矿被交代的产物, 磁铁矿具有富镁低硅的特点, 为沉积成因; 而条带状和块状矿石中的磁铁矿是重结晶作用和热液交代及充填作用所致, 磁铁矿具有富钙和铝的特点, 为热液成因。因此, 备战铁矿床的碳酸盐岩中发育的铁矿体为沉积成因, 有后期热液成矿作用的叠加, 可归为沉积-热液叠加成因。

     

安徽省巢湖地区二叠纪栖霞组、孤峰组硅质岩地球化学特征对比及大地构造背景分析

为探讨下扬子地区二叠系硅质岩的硅质来源和形成背景,以巢湖地区二叠纪栖霞组和孤峰组硅质岩为研究对象,收集了前人大量有关栖霞组和孤峰组的研究成果和数据,并对采自栖霞组和孤峰组硅质岩样品进行了主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素测试。栖霞组、孤峰组硅质岩样品测试结果显示,硅质岩的稀土元素经北美页岩标准化后的配分曲线近似平坦型向左倾斜,有弱Ce负异常,且HREE弱富集,反映了热水沉积硅质岩的特征。研究区硅质岩样品的Al Fe Mn三角图中,样品投点分布较广,即Al比值变化范围较大,认为是岩浆在喷发过程中受硅-铝质陆壳混染作用的结果。结合沉积环境判别指标分析认为：栖霞组硅质岩沉积时期其沉积环境主要为大陆边缘环境;孤峰组硅质岩沉积时期其沉积环境为大陆边缘-海盆过渡环境。从栖霞组到孤峰组沉积时期,海侵规模不断变大,水体变深,海盆面积扩大,研究区在不同时期沉积环境存在差异。研究区栖霞组、孤峰组硅质岩的沉积与大陆边缘裂陷活动紧密相关。     

Fe Isotope Compositions of Cyprus Umbers

Submarine metalliferous sedimentary rocks are chemical precipitates resulted from hydrothermal exhalation near mid‐ocean ridge or faults. They record the submarine hydrothermal activity between lithosphere and hydrosphere and are critical for understanding Fe cycling in marine environment. Fe was expelled from the hydrothermal vent systems and was oxidized and precipitated in the ambient seawater, where the precipitation of hydrothermal Fe is largely controlled by oxidation state of seawater and is potentially revealed by its Fe isotope compositions. This hydrothermal process in modern hydrothermal vent systems have been well observed, but that for the ancient ones are still not well known. Umbers, or ferromanganoan sediments, overlying Troodos ophiolite in Cyprus of Mid‐Cretaceous age thus provides an excellent example for understanding the Fe cycles in ancient submarine hydrothermal process. Samples were collected from Margi village in Troodos and are mostly amorphous Fe‐Mn oxy‐hydroxides with very minor quartz, goethite, smectite and silicates such as clinopyroxene derived from the volcanic rocks. There is no terrestrial, detrital component. Samples were analyzed for their whole‐rock element and Fe isotope compositions. The results show that samples are composed mainly of SiO₂ (13～80 wt%), Fe₂O₃ (9～54 wt%) and MnO (1.5～10.4 wt%), with minor Al₂O₃ (0.7～4.3 wt%). PAAS‐normalized REE patterns are near flat with significantly negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* is from 0.2 to 0.5) and slightly positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* is around 1.1), indicating a source from the oxidized seawater and the high‐temperature hydrothermal fluids. δ⁵⁶FeIRMM‐014 values of samples are ‐0.32‰ to ‐0.15‰, with an average of ‐0.20‰, which are consistent with those of the hydrothermal fluids previously reported. The narrow Fe isotope compositions of Cyprus umbers that are close to those of submarine hydrothermal fluids indicates near complete oxidation of hydrothermal Fe²⁺ during its expulsion from the hydrothermal vent.     

Chemistry of Late Early Triassic Siliceous Claystone ('Toishi-type' Shale) from the Oritate Area, Sambosan Belt, Kyushu, Southwest Japan

Abstract. Inorganic chemical compositions are determined for late Early Triassic siliceous claystone ('Toishi-type' shale) and associated chert from Oritate area, Sambosan Belt, Kyushu, southwest Japan. The siliceous claystone is similar in chemical composition to Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), but is depleted in Ca, Sr, Mn, and Fe and slightly enriched in Cu, Zn, P, and rare earth elements (REEs). The siliceous claystone and associated chert have flat REE patterns with positive Eu anomalies and no distinct Ce anomaly. The siliceous claystone and associated chert have largely constant Ti/Al, Th/Al, and Nb/Al ratios compared to the variable ratios found in siliceous shale and sandstone deposited close to land in a trench setting. This suggests that the claystone and chert were deposited in a deep-sea pelagic environment and were derived mainly from the suspended fraction, including eolian dust and material transported from distant lands, rather than from turbidity currents that occurred close to land. The low Ca contents of the analyzed rocks indicate deposition below the calcium-carbonate compensation depth. The depletion of Mn and Fe, and no distinct Ce anomaly in the Oritate siliceous claystone are also evident, being similar to those in samples from the Sasayama and Kinkazan sections in the Mino-Tanba Belt, where oceanic anoxia developed during the Late Permian to earliest Triassic. This might suggest that oceanic anoxia prevailed through to the late Early Triassic.