铜川市玉米生长季气象因子变化特征及其对气象产量的影响

利用铜川市1964—2021年国家气象观测站玉米生长季逐日平均气温、降水量、日照时数等资料及1990—2020年各区县玉米产量资料,采用气候倾向率方法、累积距平法及滑动平均法分析≥10℃积温、降水量、日照时数变化特征及其对玉米气象产量的影响。结果表明：近58 a来各区县≥10℃积温随时间均呈显著上升趋势(P<0.01),且均在1993年发生了由偏冷到偏暖的转折;空间上南部耀州多,北部宜君少。降水量随时间变化趋势不明显,空间上降水量丰富区位于北部宜君县。耀州日照时数随时间呈显著减少趋势(P<0.01),其余区县变化不明显;空间上各区县日照时数差别小。气象因子中,降水量对玉米气象产量影响最大,日照时数影响次之,≥10℃积温影响最小,其中降水量和玉米气象产量呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。     

博州地区近30年热量资源变化对棉花生育期的影响

利用博乐市、精河县2个国家基本气象站1991—2020年气象资料,采用相关分析、气候倾向率、突变检验等统计分析方法分析了近30 a博州地区热量资源变化对棉花生育期的影响。结果表明：(1)棉花生育期月平均气温、≥10℃积温呈明显上升趋势,≥35℃高温日数呈缓慢增加趋势;初霜期延后,终霜期提前,无霜期延长;日照时数呈缓慢增加趋势。(2)棉花生育期平均气温、≥10℃积温、无霜期的突变,博乐分别发生在2005、2008、2008年,精河分别发生在2005、2005、2011年,突变后两地平均气温分别增加0.6、1.2℃,≥10℃积温分别增加247.1、334.4℃·d,无霜期分别延长13.6、11.4 d;棉花生育期日数呈现增加趋势,博乐市、精河县变化趋势率分别为1.9、7.5 d/10 a。(3)相关分析表明,平均气温、10℃积温越高,棉花各发育期越提前,生育期越长;35℃高温日数越多,现蕾期、开花期、裂铃期越提前;无霜期越长、日照条件越好,对棉花生长越有利。(4)气候变化对博州地区棉花生产以有利为主。     

巴楚夏玉米产量对气候变化的响应

利用新疆巴楚气象站1984—2013年逐日气象资料,采用线性倾向估计、趋势系数、求相关等方法分析巴楚县多时间尺度气温的变化特征及其对夏玉米生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明:近30 a巴楚县夏玉米生长季平均气温上升趋势不明显;旬平均气温总体上呈上升趋势,但不同时段温度变化差异较大;≥10℃积温呈不显著增多趋势,日最高气温≥35℃日数呈不显著减少趋势;生育后期(乳熟—成熟)即9月上旬—10月上旬气温偏低,热量显著不足,供求矛盾突出,是影响夏玉米产量高低的关键期。     

近30年河南省气候变化趋势研究

利用1971~2000年河南省32个农业气象站逐年气象资料,选取年平均气温、极端最高气温、极端最低气温、无霜期、降水量、相对湿度、蒸发量等7个气候要素,对河南省气候变化总体趋势和8个气候区的气候变化趋势进行分析。结果表明全省总体上每10年:年平均气温上升0.34℃,极端最高气温下降0.25℃,极端最低气温上升0.5℃,无霜期延长3天,年降水量增加5.0 mm,相对湿度增加0.08%,蒸发量减少86.8 mm。总体气候趋向温和、湿润,气候条件趋于改善。8个气候区中,7个气候区总体气候条件趋于暖湿,仅1个气候区总体气候条件趋于暖干。     

伊春地区近40a积温变化的动态分析

本文利用伊春地区5个气象观测站1970-2009年日平均气温稳定通过10℃的积温资料进行分析。结果显示伊春地区积温呈增加趋势,平均每10 a积温增加了71.0℃;40 a积温存在明显的年代际变化,每10 a的变化规律为增加-下降-增加;积温稳定通过10℃初日提前了2 d,终日推后了3.3 d,初终间日数增加,积温也就随之增加。     

洞庭湖生态经济区热量资源变化特征

基于洞庭湖生态经济区25个地面气象观测站1961-2013年的逐日平均气温、最高气温和最低气温观测资料,组合成100项热量特征指标,利用统计方法系统性分析该区域的热量资源变化特征,并采用贡献率探讨了最高、最低气温在年平均气温变化中的作用。结果表明：洞庭湖生态经济区不同气温要素的空间分布形态不同,日平均气温≥0℃、≥5℃、≥10℃、≥15℃、≥20℃的积温空间分布形态一致,均呈西低东高分布;稳定通过0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃的初、终日期在区域内相对集中。年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均呈显著或极显著上升趋势,但存在升温的不均匀性,气候变暖以最低气温升高为主要特征,最高气温在春季起到升温加速作用,导致洞庭湖区春季气温上升速率较其他季节大。气候变暖带动日平均气温≥0℃、≥5℃、≥10℃、≥15℃、≥20℃的积温呈极显著上升趋势,但升温的不均匀性直接关联到稳定通过一定界限日平均温度初、终日期的变化及积温突变时间的变化,5℃、15℃初日呈显著提前趋势,≥0℃、≥5℃、≥10℃积温增加突变时间与最低气温相近,≥15℃、≥20℃积温增加突变时间与最高气温相近。     

门源盆地界限温度初终日和积温对温度升高的响应

利用门源气象站1961—2008年逐日气温资料,以五日滑动平均法确定稳定通过≥0℃、≥3℃、≥5℃、≥10℃初、终日,求算初终日间持续日数、活动积温和有效积温,分析界限温度初终日、持续日数和积温的变化,应用PEARSON函数计算界限温度初终日、持续日数、积温与年平均气温的相关性并建立回归模式。研究表明:门源盆地各界限温度初日均呈提前趋势,终日均呈推迟趋势,初终日间持续日数均呈增加趋势,活动积温和有效积温均表现为增多趋势;各界限温度初日与年平均气温呈负相关,终日与年平均气温呈正相关,初终日间持续日数与年平均气温均呈正相关,活动积温和有效积温与年平均气温相关极显著;年平均气温每升高1℃,则≥5℃初日提前6天,终日推迟5天,≥10℃初日提前9天,终日推迟7天,各界限温度期间的持续日数延长3—16天,活动积温增加149～221℃·日,有效积温增加60～131℃·日。     

1951-2005年鞍山气候变化特征分析

利用逐日气温距平、线性倾向率、滑动平均和小波分析等方法,对1951—2005年鞍山气温、降水量和平均最高气温、最低气温及初霜、终霜、无霜期、积温、透雨等资料进行统计分析。结果表明:近55 a鞍山气候变化特点为气温呈上升趋势,降水和日照呈略减少趋势;平均最低气温升温幅度高于平均最高气温,气温日较差变小;霜、冻土初日延后,终日提前及无霜期延长,积温明显增多,透雨偏晚和极端气候事件频率增大。     

攀枝花市区33年气温变化趋势研究

本文利用攀枝花市区1977~2009年年平均气温、年平均极端最高气温、年平均极端最低气温以及逐日最高气温资料,运用气候趋势系数、累计距平、MK突变检验等方法研究分析了攀枝花市区气温变化趋势,主要结论有:(1)33年来该地区年平均气温呈现弱的下降趋势,与全球升温趋势相悖。(2)年平均极端最低气温升温趋势率为0.24℃/(10a),大大高于年平均极端最高气温升温趋势率0.09℃/(10a)。(3)高温日数及热积温均呈下降趋势,其中热积温下降趋势率为8.4℃/(10a)。(4)市区炳草岗年平均气温相对稳定,不存在突变现象。      

吉木乃县近50年积温变化特征及其对小麦产量的影响分析

利用吉木乃县1961-2010年的积温和小麦产量资料,对日平均气温稳定通过0℃、10℃的初日、终日、初终间日数、积温的变化特征进行了分析;运用相关分析法探讨了生长期积温对小麦产量的影响。结果表明：近50年吉木乃县的积温变化是明显的,积温显著增多,≥0℃积温变率为83.7℃/10a,≥10℃积温变率为57.5℃/10a;稳定通过0℃和10℃界限温度初日提前、终日推后,初终间日数均呈增加的趋势。春夏季积温与春小麦产量的相关关系显著,当0℃积温距平每增加1℃时,小麦产量将增加0.15%;当10℃积温距平每增加1℃时,产量将增加0.12% 。积温变化使小麦冻害减轻,但干旱、干热风危害加大。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.