气候特点概述

正2018年4—6月,江西省总的气候特点是:全省气温较常年异常偏高,降水偏少;日照时数偏多。主要天气气候事件有高温天气出现时间早,强度强;台风出现时间偏早;汛前期部分地区降水持续偏少。1气候概况1.1气温。4—6月全省平均气温23.7℃,较常年同期平均偏高1.5℃,为历史同期第一。4、5、6月全省平均气温分别为19.7、25.3、     

重要天气过程概述

<正>1大雾过程2015年1—3月,江西省区域性大雾频繁出现,日数共计18 d,较历史同期相比大雾日数偏多。其中,2月16—19日、3月15—17日出现3 d以上连续大雾天气过程。2降雪过程1—3月气温偏高,全省平均气温偏高1.6℃,其中1月全省平均气温为8.6℃,偏高2.5℃。2月全省平均气温为     

南昌市的高温天气

每年雨季结束后,我省便进入少雨的盛夏季节,气温逐渐增高,由于我省所处的地理位置,盛夏天气特别睛热,7～8月平均气温均在29.6℃左右,极端最高气温经常可达38～39℃,有的年份可达40℃以上.炎热的高温天气给人们的日常生活及工农业生产带来极大影响,因此对盛夏高温天气作进一步分析,寻找成因,研究相应的预报方法是很有社会、经济效益的.1 南昌市高温天气的气候特征盛夏江西省经常在西太平洋副热带高压控制之下,南昌地处鄱阳湖盆地距海较远又处于武夷山和南岭的背风地位,接受太阳辐射多,热量不易与外界交换,所以盛夏天气特别睛热.由于南昌市酷热时段在7、8月,下面对7、8月进行气候特征分析.1.1 极端最高气温从1951～1995年极端最高气温曲线图(图1)可以看出,南昌7～8月极端最高气温最低在36.4℃以上,平均达38.2℃以上,1961年最高达40.6℃.     

气候特点概述

正2017年10—12月,江西省总的气候特点是:气温略偏高、降水接近常年,日照时数偏少。主要天气气候事件有:10月初出现罕见秋老虎,多地日最高气温创同月新高;11月出现异常持续阴雨寡照天气。1气候概况1.1气温。10—12月全省平均气温14.2℃,较常年同期平均偏高0.4℃。其中赣北13.7℃,偏高0.5℃;赣中14.0℃,偏高0.4℃;赣南15.7℃,偏高0.4℃。10—12月全省     

汉中市避暑旅游气象条件分析

利用2011—2013年汉中定军山、华阳、熊猫谷、黎坪、五龙洞、紫柏山6景区夏季(6—8月)相关气象观测资料,分析其避暑旅游气象条件,并与西安和汉中进行对比分析。结果显示:汉中旅游景区夏季(6—8月)的各月平均气温在16~24℃之间,较西安偏低3~10℃,较汉中偏低3~8℃;各月平均最高气温大部在23~27℃之间,较西安偏低2~10℃,较汉中偏低2~7℃;各月平均最低气温均在20℃以下,极少出现35℃以上的高温天气,不舒适天气仅占3%,与汉中市区及周边城市相比,汉中景区夏季凉爽舒适,非常适合避暑,可基于避暑旅游气象条件适当开发避暑旅游项目,发展当地旅游业。     

重要天气过程概述

正1大雾过程2016年1—3月,江西省区域性大雾日数共计18 d,其中3月为7 d,较历史同期略偏多(表1)。1月4—5日、1月28—29日、2月27—28日、3月6—7日、17—19日、30—31日出现连续性大雾天气过程。2寒潮、冷空气过程1—3月气温偏高但起伏大,全省平均气温偏高约0.7℃,其中1—3月全省平均气温分别为6.8、8.8、13.0℃,     

气候特点概述

<正>2019年1—3月,江西省总的气候特点是:气温偏高,降水偏多,日照时数偏少。主要天气气候事件有:1—3月上旬全省出现持续阴雨寡照天气,对农业生产影响大;3月19日晚至21日的首场强对流天气给江西省带来严重影响。1气候概况1.1气温。1—3月全省平均气温为9.3℃,较常年同期平     

一九八二年甘肃省异常气象概述

从各站上报的异常气象年表和部份气象要素资料统计分析,八二年的主要异常情况是:1.元月份全省平均气温特高。河西大部地方出现极值,月平均最高气温达2—3℃,其中张掖达3.8℃。特别是元月上中旬河西地区旬平均气温有的高达4—6℃(历年平均值-13—-10℃)。河东各地普遍比历年平均值(-10—6℃)偏高2—4℃,月平均气温亦为历年同期最高值,这对河东地区小麦安全越冬十分有利。2.五月前半月全省出现连续三次的强降温和寒潮天气,各地温度迟迟不能回升。五月中旬气温平均偏低2—4℃。五月三日,靖远、白银;六日,平凉;十二日,渭源、甘南、武山等地月极端最低气温出现极值,比历年月极值一般偏低1—2℃,渭源偏低6.3℃。十至十二日,全省自西北向东南出现寒潮降温天气,各地日平均气温两天下降10—15℃,全省大部     

气候特点概述

<正>2018年10—12月,江西省总的气候特点是:气温接近常年、降水量偏多,日照时数显著偏少。主要天气气候事件有:11—12月全省出现阶段性持续阴雨寡照天气;秋冬季区域性的大雾天气频发。1气候概况1.1气温。10—12月全省平均气温13.7℃,接近常年同期。其中赣北13.2℃,和常年持平;赣中13.5℃,偏低0.1℃;赣南15.4℃,偏高0.2℃。10—12月全省平均气温分别为18.6、14.2、8.3℃,较     

四川省2006年盛夏罕见高温干旱分析

2006年盛夏,四川省盆地区发生严重的高温干旱,本文利用实时和历史资料对该区域、该时段的气候特点作了综合分析.盛夏异常高温出现时间早,高温日数持续时间长,高温天气影响范围广.8月中旬为全盆地高温最严重时段,广安市出现全省高温中心.9月1日,华蓥山市的日最高气温再创新高,达43.6℃,为全省最高值.盛夏盆地降水为1961年以来历史最小值,旱区连续无降雨日数显著偏多,南充、广安、遂宁是省高温干旱最严重地区.通过对四川盆地16个测站46年(1961年～2006年)7～8月平均气温资料和46年7～8月盆地100多站平均降水量资料进行Mann-Kenall统计方法分析,盆地7～8气温,20世纪70年代属于高温阶段,20世纪80年代开始下降属于低温阶段,90年代中后期开始上升,但上升幅度慢于盆地秋季和冬季气温,2006年夏季处于上升期内.对盆地7月平均降水量进行分析判断,20世纪70年代后期到20世纪90年代初期属于峰值区;20世纪90年代中后期开始缓慢下降,2006年处于低谷区.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

ANALYSIS OF “BIMODAL PATTERN” STORM ACTIVITY CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BAY OF BENGAL

Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms.     

LOW-FREQUENCY CIRCULATION AND EXTENDED-RANGE FORECAST IN CONNECTION WITH AUTUMN EXTREME HEAVY RAINFALL PROCESS IN HAINAN

Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d.     

AN ATTRIBUTION ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IN THE BEIJING–TIANJIN–HEBEI REGION UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE

Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region.     

Revisiting the Concentration Observations and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Ammonia

正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on