杭州市空气负离子变化特征分析

利用2008—2010年杭州西溪湿地和馒头山空气负离子观测资料,分析了杭州市空气负离子的季、月和日变化特征,以及空气负离子与气象环境因子的相关关系。结果表明,湿地负离子浓度要好于市区;杭州市空气负离子浓度冬季最大,夏季最小;一日中早晨空气负离子浓度最高,15时左右最低;夜间高于白天。空气负离子浓度与温度、日照时数和空气污染物呈负相关,与相对湿度、风速、云量和降雨量呈正相关。     

玉溪空气负氧离子预测模型的建立

利用玉溪市九县区14台空气负氧离子自动测报系统实时观测数据和同步气象要素观测资料,使用相关分析、回归分析等方法,分析了影响空气中负氧离子浓度的主要气象因子,以及影响因子与空气负氧离子浓度的关系,并建立预测模型。结果表明,玉溪市空气负氧离子浓度年变化、季节变化与各气象因子之间无显著的相关关系。影响玉溪空气负氧离子浓度日变化的主要气象因子为空气相对湿度和空气温度。当空气温度20.4℃时,空气负氧离子浓度日变化与空气温度呈负相关关系。当空气湿度45.6%时,空气负氧离子浓度与空气湿度呈正相关关系。通过建立负氧离子浓度预测模型,实现了负氧离子预报的定量化。经检验,预报方程效果显著,在预报业务中具有参考价值。     

新乡市大气污染特征与气象因子相关性分析

利用新乡市2015—2016年大气环境质量监测数据和同步常规气象观测数据,分析首要污染物质量浓度变化特征及其与气象因子的相关性,结果表明：PM10和PM25质量浓度冬高夏低,峰值出现在1月或12月,谷值出现在8月;而O3则是夏高冬低,峰值出现在6月,谷值出现在1月或12月。三种首要污染物质量浓度在大多数月份都与海平面气压呈负相关,与24小时变温（ΔT24）呈正相关;PM10和PM25质量浓度多数月份都与10 min风速呈负相关;PM25质量浓度大多数月份与相对湿度呈正相关,与24小时变压（ΔP24）呈负相关;PM10质量浓度与相对湿度在冬季呈正相关,夏季呈负相关,与ΔP24在春季呈正相关,在秋、冬季多呈负相关;而O3质量浓度在所有月份与温度、10 min风速都呈正相关,与相对湿度都呈负相关。     

婺源县空气负离子分布规律初步分析

在婺源大鄣山卧龙谷景区、鸳鸯湖景区、月亮湾景区、城区和部分村庄选取7个能够代表当地生态环境特征的监测点,进行为期2 d的负离子浓度、温度、风向、风速、空气相对湿度和气压流动监测,并与南昌城区负离子浓度观测资料进行对比,初步分析了负离子分布规律,以及负离子与首要污染物(PM10)的关系.分析结果认为,负离子浓度与植被覆盖率、海拔高度呈正相关,与首要污染物浓度呈负相关;风景区的负离子浓度高于城区:植被状况与瀑布对负离子的空间分布影响最大.     

大气气溶胶粒径分布特征与气象条件的相关性分析

通过温度、相对湿度和风速等气象因素与不同粒径大气气溶胶粒子数浓度和质量浓度的相关性,分析气象条件对大气气溶胶的影响和作用机制。结果表明：气象因素对0.2—0.6 μm的气溶胶影响最大。温度升高既有利于增强大气扩散作用也有利于二次气溶胶生成,因此温度与超细气溶胶(小于0.1μm)呈正相关性,而与粒径较大的气溶胶呈负相关。风速主要影响气溶胶的水平扩散,对超细气溶胶无显著影响,而与粗粒径气溶胶呈负相关。相对湿度会促进超细气溶胶的聚积,使之生成较大粒径气溶胶。因此相对湿度与超细气溶胶呈较强的负相关,而与较粗粒径气溶胶呈正相关。     

江西省空气负离子浓度特征与气象因子相关分析

利用2019年江西省靖安森林试验基地观测资料,分析了靖安森林站空气负离子浓度不同时间尺度的变化特征及其与气象因子的相关性,以及不同天气条件对其的影响。结果表明,靖安市年平均空气负离子浓度为2 187个/cm³,其中夏季浓度最高为2 910个/cm³,秋季最低为1 756个/cm³。此外,浓度日变化特征也存在明显的季节差异性,其中春夏秋冬四季峰值分别出现在10时(北京时,下同)、06时、09时、13时左右。日尺度上浓度与气温、降水、相对湿度均呈显著的正相关,月尺度上其与降水呈显著正相关。雨天的浓度高于晴天,四个季节雨天峰值分别出现在开始降水的7～9 h、7～15 h、9 h、9～11 h后。当降水量在0～10 mm时,降水对空气负离子浓度没有明显作用,随后浓度随降水量增加而上升,当出现暴雨天气的时候,浓度反而呈现下降趋势。     

2009—2011年包头市急性心肌梗塞发病与气象因素的关系分析

文章利用2009—2011年包头市5家医院497例急性心肌梗塞的临床资料及同时气象资料,对包头市急性心肌梗塞的发病规律与气温、气压、相对湿度等气象要素进行相关分析。发现包头市急性心肌梗塞发病具有明显的季节变化和年龄变化,冬春季发病率高,夏季发病率低,60~70岁为高发年龄段;急性心肌梗塞发病与月平均气温和湿度呈负相关,与月平均气压呈正相关,气压上升、湿度下降、气温剧降使急性心肌梗塞发病率增加。     

降水过程中气象条件对郑州市区气溶胶浓度的影响

利用郑州大气成分站的气溶胶浓度资料和气象资料,对郑州市区PM10、PM2.5、PM1浓度的日变化和月变化特征进行了分析,并对气温、降水、风速、气压等气象要素在降水过程中与气溶胶浓度的关系进行相关分析,结果表明,气溶胶浓度与气压呈正相关,与气温、降水量、风速等气象要素呈明显负相关,且随季节变化有所差异。     

降水过程中气象条件对郑州市区气溶胶浓度的影响

利用郑州大气成分站的气溶胶浓度资料和气象资料,对郑州市区PM10、PM2.5、PM1浓度的日变化和月变化特征进行了分析,并对气温、降水、风速、气压等气象要素在降水过程中与气溶胶浓度的关系进行相关分析,结果表明,气溶胶浓度与气压呈正相关,与气温、降水量、风速等气象要素呈明显负相关,且随季节变化有所差异。     

彭州市大气污染物浓度变化特征研究

本文利用2017年彭州市大气污染物(SO₂、NO₂、O₃、CO、PM₁₀、PM_2.5)小时浓度数据并结合地面气象观测资料,统计分析了该地区大气污染物浓度的演变规律及影响因素。结果表明:该地区细粒子(PM₁₀和PM_2.5)污染较为严重,O₃次之,其它污染物浓度水平则低于国家新二级标准限值。观测期间,各污染物浓度表现出明显的日变化与季节变化,其中SO₂、O₃呈单峰型日变化,NO₂、CO和细粒子则呈双峰型日变化;污染物浓度的季节变化基本表现为冬高夏低、春秋次之的变化特征(O₃为夏高冬低),并且固态污染物(PM₁₀、PM_2.5)与气态污染物(NO₂、CO)之间有显著的相关性。在污染物浓度与气象要素相关性分析中表明,湿度对于污染物浓度的影响整体上要弱于温度和风速,除了O₃与温度、风速呈正相关外,其它污染物与两者均呈负相关。除此以外,风向对于当地各种大气污染物的积累与清除也有直接的影响。      

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.