安徽马鞍山市当涂地区地下水水化学特征及演化机制

【研究目的】 了解长江中下游平原地区地下水流系统并深入分析其地下水水化学特征及其演化机制。【研究方法】 综合马鞍山市当涂地区的水文地质条件、水动力场等,基于研究区水化学基本特征,运用多元统计分析、水化学图件、离子比值和反向水文地球化学模拟等方法对该地区浅层地下水水化学演化进行分析。【研究结果】 结果表明：（1）研究区地下水主要为低矿化度偏碱性水,地下水组分中阳离子以Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺为主,阴离子以HCO₃^-和SO₄^2-为主。（2）研究区地下水水化学类型主要可分为7类,其中松散岩类孔隙含水岩组和碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙含水岩组的水化学类型主要为HCO₃^-Ca型、HCO₃^-Ca·Na型、HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na型以及HCO₃^-Ca·Mg型;基岩类裂隙含水岩组的化学类型主要为HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg型和SO₄·HCO₃^-Ca·Mg型。（3）研究区浅层地下水水样超标率为46%,总体水质较差,超标率较高的组分依次为Mn、高锰酸盐指数（COD_Mn）、硝酸盐（以N计）、Fe、As、氨氮（以N计）等。（4）研究区地下水的化学组分主要受到岩石风化作用的控制;此外,还存在Na-Ca的正向阳离子交替吸附作用。反向水文地球化学模拟结果进一步定量论证了水岩相互作用对本区浅层地下水组分的形成和演化起着主导作用。【结论】 研究区地下水主要为低矿化度偏碱性,主要可分为松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙水和基岩类裂隙水。主要离子比例和反向水文地球化学模拟揭示了本区浅层地下水化学组分主要是地下水溶滤方解石、白云石等碳酸盐矿物、石英、长石等硅酸盐矿物,高岭土等黏土矿物以及岩盐、石膏等达到过饱和之后形成的。     

长春新区地下水水质特征及其对生态健康的评价

【研究目的】为查明长春新区地下水特征及演化，支撑东北老工业基地建设。【研究方法】本文在调查取样的基础上，充分利用前人成果资料，应用SPSS分析软件、地下水污染分析软件，通过对长春新区的地质条件、水化学参数空间分布特征、地下水化学类型、地下水化学成因的分析，得出系列结果。【研究结果】长春新区地下水的硬度较高且矿化度较大，HCO₃^－在地下水的离子中占据主导，Ca²⁺、Cl^-、O₄^2-、Na⁺在地下水中的绝对质量浓度较高；pH、H₂SiO₃、Sr、TDS、Mg₂₊、HCO₃^－的质量浓度相对稳定；地下水离子以HCO₃^－和Ca²⁺为主；Na⁺和K+同时来自岩盐和硅酸岩的溶解；Ca²⁺和Mg₂₊主要来源于碳酸盐的溶解。区内地下水质量可分为四级，其中Ⅴ类水未评出。【结论】总体来看，Ⅰ类水占7.50%，Ⅱ类水占32.10%，Ⅲ类水占20.80%，Ⅳ类水占39.60%。较好以上地下水占60.4%，总体情况较好。创新点：研究了国家级新区的地下水化学、成因和演化，得出地下水的水质特征，有效支撑区域生态健康发展。     

河南淮阳县地热流体化学特征及其成因分析

【研究目的】淮阳地热属于典型的中低温沉降盆地型地热,研究淮阳县地热资源的质与量,有助于其合理开发利用及科学管理。【研究方法】本文综合利用地球化学、环境同位素,对淮阳县地温场及地热流体化学特征和成因进行分析研究。【研究结果】结果表明,深部热储地温场受基底构造与断裂影响较明显,构造单元分界处和多条断裂交汇处,地温梯度较高,如苏庄地温梯度3.75℃/100 m,其他地段<3.5℃/100 m。研究区内地热流体中主要为Cl·HCO₃·SO₄-Na、Cl·SO₄·HCO₃－Na、Cl·SO4-Na型。地热流体中阳离子主要以Na⁺为主,阴离子呈多样化,研究区地热流体主要来源于西部伏牛山区的大气降水,且地热流体发生水-岩作用,但相对较弱。地热流体为1952年前入渗补给的“古水”。【结论】淮阳经济可开采热储层主要为新近系明化镇组和馆陶组,区内地热资源开发主要可用来供暖,以促进当地经济发展,助力于本地区“双碳”目标的达成。创新点：分析了淮阳地温梯度与地质构造和断裂活动的关系;结合地层特性,讨论了淮阳地热流体中不同离子的来源以及地热流体的主要来源。     

雄安新区地热水的化学场特征及影响因素分析

【研究目的】雄安新区地热水化学场特征及其影响因素对了解区域地热资源聚敛机制具有重要意义。【研究方法】在区内5个主要构造单元（容城凸起、牛驼镇凸起、霸县凹陷、保定凹陷和高阳低凸起）开展地热水水化学采样和测试分析工作。【研究结果】研究区内主要分布有砂岩热储和岩溶热储,水化学类型以Cl-Na型和Cl·HCO₃-Na为主。从浅入深,地热水TDS值呈增大趋势。自西向东,地热水TDS含量表现为增大的趋势,指示着地下水流向。受断裂带导水作用影响,部分深部雾迷山组与馆陶组地热水发生混合现象。雾迷山组岩溶热储地热水的变质系数和脱硫系数低,热储封闭性较好,处于相对还原状态,而馆陶组和明化镇组砂岩热储地热水封闭性相对较差。【结论】区内地下水化学场主要受水岩相互作用程度、断裂、储层封闭性等因素影响。研究成果对于认识雄安新区地热资源、科学合理开发利用地热能,推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖具有重要意义。     

浙江宁波平原地下水水化学特征及其生态环境效应

【研究目的】 为查明浙江宁波平原地下水特征及成因演化,促进宁波地区地下水环境优化。【研究方法】 在野外调查和取样分析的基础上,充分利用前人资料,综合运用数理统计、相关性分析、Piper三线图、离子比例系数及环境同位素等方法手段,全面系统地分析了宁波平原地下水状况。【研究结果】 宁波平原地表水和潜水以淡水为主,Ⅰ承压水和Ⅱ承压水以微咸水、咸水为主,潜水中HCO₃^-占绝对优势,Cl^-、Ca²⁺、Na⁺次之,地表水和承压水中Cl^-、Na⁺占主导地位,HCO₃^-次之。4种水共划分23种水化学类型,地表水和潜水受大气降水影响明显,深层承压水以封存型为主,与浅表水体天然联系不密切,受地质历史时期海侵影响较大。【结论】 与20世纪70年代相比,宁波城区Ⅰ承压淡水体分布范围无明显变化,Ⅱ承压水在人类生产生活和水体自然循环双重影响下,原淡水区演化出孤岛状咸水体,但淡水体整体分布范围外扩,面积增加了约12 km₂,其生态环境效应趋于正向发展。     

沧县隆起北部地区地热资源特征及开发潜力

【研究目的】地热资源特征研究及开发潜力分析是开发区域地热资源的重要依据。【研究方法】本文将前人研究成果与最新钻井资料相结合,通过对沧县隆起北部地区地热地质背景、热储分布、地温场特征、水化学资源类型等主要因素进行剖析,建立了该区的地热成藏模式。【研究结果】沧县隆起北部地区是在渤海湾伸展型沉积盆地高大地热流值背景下,由北部燕山裸露区基岩接受的大气降水作为近源补给水源,进入基岩的冷水在深层循环过程中受到深部热源加热增温,沿断裂破碎带和不整合面向上运移富集,形成的以传导型传热机制为主的地热系统。【结论】本区地热资源特点为热储类型多、盖层地温梯度高、补给速度快、资源量巨大。主要表现为：区内分布馆陶组砂岩热储,奥陶系、蓟县系雾迷山组岩溶热储三套主力热水储集层;地温场分布主要受基底构造形态控制,基岩凸起区的平均地温梯度为45℃/km;地下水类型随着埋深的增加由HCO₃-Na、HCO₃·SO₄-Na型水向成熟的Cl-Na型水过渡;本区内三套热储的可采地热资源量为1.67×10¹⁰GJ,折合标煤5.72×10⁸t,年可开采地热资源量可满足供暖面积2亿m²,若在采灌平衡的条件下,沧县隆起北部地区年可采地热资源量为7.06×10⁷GJ,折合标煤2.41×10⁶t,可满足供暖面积0.85亿m²,具有良好的地热市场开发前景。     

河北承德偏硅酸矿泉水成因模式:岩石风化与水岩作用证据

【研究目的】承德地处京津冀水源涵养功能区,矿泉水资源丰富,研究其赋存分布与形成机制对矿泉水可持续利用与水源涵养优化具有重要意义。【研究方法】采用岩石地球化学和水化学分析、化学风化指数、矿物表面微观形态分析,同位素示踪等方法系统梳理了研究区地下水偏硅酸空间分异的影响因素,从岩石风化与水化学耦合角度探讨了偏硅酸矿泉水的成藏机制。【研究结果】结果表明：研究区常温水体偏硅酸含量达30 mg/L以上样品占比达5.16%,地热水偏硅酸平均含量达61.76 mg/L。偏硅酸矿泉水成藏受岩石风化和地质构造控制,风化酸性介质影响,水化学形成作用制约。风化敏感程度愈高,易风化矿物含量愈高的含水介质赋存地下水偏硅酸含量愈高。研究区硅酸盐岩总体处于初等化学风化——长石类矿物和辉石等镁铁质矿物风化形成高岭石、蒙脱石和伊利石阶段。构造深部幔源CO₂、工矿活动和人类生产生活输入的外源硫酸和硝酸共同参与岩石风化脱硅过程,偏硅酸矿泉水、地热水温泉出露处多为构造复合部位或主干断裂与次级断裂的交汇部位。【结论】承德市偏硅酸矿泉水成因模式可概化为构造断裂深循环淋溶型、风化裂隙浅循环淋溶型和层间孔隙裂隙-补给富集埋藏型3类。植被覆盖较好的玄武岩、火山碎屑岩、陆源碎屑岩流域山前宽缓沟谷与导水断裂交汇带,侵入岩导水导热断裂带、侵入岩与围岩接触带,花岗岩、片麻岩和陆源碎屑岩与碳酸盐岩接触带为偏硅酸矿泉水开采潜力区。创新点：（1）从岩石风化与水岩作用水化学耦合角度探讨了偏硅酸矿泉水的成藏机制;（2）系统总结了承德市偏硅酸矿泉水空间分布的影响因素与成因模式。     

安徽长江经济带地热资源赋存特征及潜力评价

【研究目的】安徽长江经济带地热资源储量丰富,未来开发利用前景好,对该区域进行地热资源评价可为安徽省能源结构优化及地热资源可持续开发利用提供科学依据。【研究方法】在分析研究区地质构造、地层岩性、地热流体水化学类型等地质与水文地质条件的基础上,揭示了安徽长江经济带地热资源概况及分布特征,探讨了隆起山地对流型和沉积盆地传导型地热资源的赋存特征,并对其储量及开发利用潜力进行评价。【研究结果】安徽长江经济带地热资源热储主要赋存在巢湖—和县基岩隆起区、大别山隆起区、沿江基岩隆起区、江南隆起等隆起山地及定远断陷盆地、肥东断陷盆地、霍山—九井盆地、庐枞断陷盆地、安庆断陷盆地、宣城断陷盆地等沉积盆地。前者隆起区热储类型为带状,岩性以断裂破碎带中花岗岩为主,后者断陷盆地热储类型为层状及层状兼带状,岩性以砂岩和碳酸盐岩为主。带内热储主要为偏硅酸·氟热矿水,隆起山地型地热流体水化学类型主要为SO₄、HCO₃型水,沉积盆地型地热流体水化学类型主要为HCO₃型水。通过潜力评价可知,隆起山地型地热资源潜力较小,且处于开发利用状态的地热田基本处于超采状态;沉积盆地型地热资源潜力相对较大,其中潜力大、中和小的盆地分别有4处、6处和10处。【结论】安徽长江经济带区域内地热资源潜力分布不均,地热资源需要分区规划利用,并且需要考虑高氟、高矿化度热矿水利用造成的地表水环境污染。     

天津东丽湖深部岩溶热储探测与储层参数研究及其开发利用潜力分析

【研究目的】天津市地热资源储量丰富、开发利用程度高,蓟县系雾迷山组三、四段白云岩热储是目前的主力开采层位,随着开发强度不断增大,部分地区开采潜力已达极限。探测深部地热资源、增加可开采资源量,成为保障天津地区地热可持续开发的有效途径之一。【研究方法】本次研究以东丽湖为重点研究区,开展深部热储地球物理探测,实施地热科学钻探CGSD-01井。【研究结果】主要结果包括：（1）CGSD-01井在3715m钻遇雾迷山组二段,上覆雾迷山组三段底部发育一套紫红色泥质白云岩夹浅灰色细晶白云岩,厚度约73m,裂隙不发育,具有隔水-弱透水性质;（2）CGSD-01井成井深度4051.68m,孔底温度105℃,单位涌水量1.53m³/h·m,渗透系数0.40m/d,导水系数48.69m²/d;（3）雾迷山组二段地热水类型为Cl·SO₄·HCO₃-Na型,矿化度1.7g/L,初步推断地热水来源于大气降水,主要发生混合、阳离子交替吸附、碳酸盐岩溶解、硫酸盐还原等作用,且未达到平衡;（4）蓟县系雾迷山组二段单井最大涌水量可达130m³/h,出水温度100℃,单井可满足约30万m2建筑物供暖需求。【结论】在天津地区深部热储第二空间首次探获高产能雾迷山组二段新储层,探明了热储结构和主要参数,显示出良好的资源前景。     

巴丹吉林沙漠腹地湖泊的水化学特征及其全新世以来的演变

本文阐述了巴丹吉林沙漠丘间地湖泊及其周围浅层地下水的水化学特征。在研究地区湖泊中的TDS变化范围较大,介于1.2g/L和398.2g/L之间。微咸湖泊属于Na(Ca)(Mg)Cl(SO₄)(HCO₃)类型,而含盐量高的湖泊则属于Na(K)Cl(CO₃)(SO₄)类型。文章根据同位素分析结果,提出了浅层地下水年龄都较年轻的观点。结合对古湖岸地貌与沉积的研究,文章还指出巴丹吉林沙漠地区湖泊在全新世发生过明显变化,湖水矿化度的增高和水域面积的快速萎缩是由于全新世中期以来出现的干旱化所造成的。     

地下水中高锰酸盐指数和硝酸根铵根稳定性研究

高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、硝酸根(NO-3)、铵根(NH+4)是判断水体是否受到三氮污染的重要指标。对于测定这三个指标的水样保存方式和时间,地质行业标准和国内外主要国家标准间存在明显差异。地质行业标准规定地下水样品原水室温保存,CODMn和NH+4在3天内测定;NO-3在20天内测定;国家标准和美国标准推荐样品硫酸酸化,避光或冷藏保存,在2~7天内完成CODMn和NO-3和1~7天内完成NH+4测试。为了分析各类标准在样品保存要求上的差异对检测结果的影响,确保检测数据能真实地反映水体污染状况,找寻简便的保存方式,本文在广州地区采集地下水,按照地质行业标准与国家标准进行处理和保存,并在不同时间段对三个指标进行测试。分析验证结果表明:地质行业标准与国家和美国标准关于水样的保存方法均非常可靠。地质行业标准主要针对静态地下水,保存方法相对宽松;国家标准和美国标准适用范围除了地下水,还包括动态的地表水和废水,采样对象成分更为复杂,更不稳定,更容易受外界影响发生变化,故保存条件高于地质标准。在广州地区,采用原水室温避光保存水样,CODMn、NH+4保存时间可为5天,NO-3保存时间可为30天;采用酸化水室温保存水样,CODMn、NO-3和NH+4保存时间可长达30天。这两种方式均比地质行业标准和国家标准推荐的有效时间长,且原水和酸化水室温保存方式相对于冷藏保存方式更为方便。本文提出,如果采集的水样能方便、快速送达实验室,可采用原水保存;如果不能在短时间内送达实验室检测,可采用硫酸酸化保存。     

Photoluminescence properties of thenardite from Ai-Ding Salt Lake,Xinjiang, China

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra, excitation spectra, and PL decay curves of natural, heat-treated, and γ-ray-irradiated thenardites from Ai-Ding Salt Lake, Xinjiang, China, were studied. The natural thenardite under 300 nm excitation showed milk-white luminescence, and the PL spectrum consisted of an extremely broad band with a peak located at approximately 509 nm, spreading over a wide range of UV and visible wavelengths. The excitation spectra, obtained by monitoring the luminescence at 530 nm, consisted of a broad band with a peak located at approximately 235 nm and a flat band spreading over a wide range of UV and visible wavelengths. The PL decay curve of natural thenardite consisted of a fast-decay component with a lifetime of less than 0.1 μs and a slow-decay component with a half-decay time of approximately 0.4 s. The heat treatment of thenardite at 900°C for 20 min reduced the luminescence efficiency to 1/100. The γ-ray irradiation of thenardite reduced the luminescence efficiency to approximately half.     

Elastic behavior of vanadinite,Pb<Subscript>10</Subscript>(VO<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>6</Subscript>Cl<Subscript>2</Subscript>, a microporous non-zeolitic mineral

The high-pressure behavior of a vanadinite (Pb₁₀(VO₄)₆Cl₂, a = b = 10.3254(5), c = 7.3450(4) Å, space group P6₃/m), a natural microporous mineral, has been investigated using in-situ HP-synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 7.67 GPa with a diamond anvil cell under hydrostatic conditions. No phase transition has been observed within the pressure range investigated. Axial and volume isothermal Equations of State (EoS) of vanadinite were determined. Fitting the P–V data with a third-order Birch-Murnaghan (BM) EoS, using the data weighted by the uncertainties in P and V, we obtained: V ₀ = 681(1) Å³, K ₀ = 41(5) GPa, and K′ = 12.5(2.5). The evolution of the lattice constants with P shows a strong anisotropic compression pattern. The axial bulk moduli were calculated with a third-order “linearized” BM-EoS. The EoS parameters are: a ₀ = 10.3302(2) Å, K ₀(a) = 35(2) GPa and K′(a) = 10(1) for the a-axis; c ₀ = 7.3520(3) Å, K ₀(c) = 98(4) GPa, and K′(c) = 9(2) for the c-axis (K ₀(a):K ₀(c) = 1:2.80). Axial and volume Eulerian-finite strain (fe) at different normalized stress (Fe) were calculated. The weighted linear regression through the data points yields the following intercept values: Fe _a (0) = 35(2) GPa for the a-axis, Fe _c (0) = 98(4) GPa for the c-axis and Fe _V (0) = 45(2) GPa for the unit-cell volume. The slope of the regression lines gives rise to K′ values of 10(1) for the a-axis, 9(2) for the c-axis and 11(1) for the unit cell-volume. A comparison between the HP-elastic response of vanadinite and the iso-structural apatite is carried out. The possible reasons of the elastic anisotropy are discussed.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定钒钛磁铁矿中钒钛钴镍

钒钛磁铁矿样品经过氧化钠熔融,盐酸提取,溶液分取稀释后用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定其中的V2O5、TiO2、Co、Ni。实验确定过氧化钠的用量为1.5 g,盐酸的用量为10 mL,选择干扰元素较少和背景干扰较小的V、Ti、Co、Ni分析谱线分别为292.4 nm、334.9 nm、230.7 nm、231.6 nm,在稀释因子为10(总稀释因子5000)的条件下进行分析,方法检出限为0.05～0.17μg/g。用国家一级钒钛磁铁矿标准物质GBW 07225(原矿)、钒钛磁铁矿标准物质GBW 07226a(精矿)、钒钛磁铁矿标准物质GBW 07227(尾矿)验证方法精密度和准确度,方法精密度(RSD,n=12)为0.41%～1.91%;除含量较低的Ni和Co外,相对误差(RE,n=4)均小于5%。通过安装氩气加湿器有效地解决了盐分较大带来的影响,在标准系列中加入等量空白溶液,保持基体与试样一致,消除了基体效应。方法分解样品彻底完全,分析流程简单,易于掌握,一次熔样可以同时测定多种元素,可适用于大批量样品分析。     

碱处理对河北围场天然沸石结构和性能的影响及其机理研究

采用NaOH对围场地区天然沸石进行处理,采用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、N2吸附-脱附技术、扫描电子显微镜等对材料进行表征分析,采用水蒸气吸附法评价材料的亲水性,采用Cr3+和Mn2+评价材料的离子交换性能,探讨了碱处理对天然沸石的结构、亲水性和离子交换性能的影响及其机理.实验结果表明,围场地区天然沸石中主要含有斜发沸石...     

Yellow fluorescence from baghdadite and synthetic Ca3(Zr,Ti)Si2O9

Baghdadite from Fuka, Okayama Prefecture, Japan shows a bright yellow fluorescence under UV (Hg 253.7 nm) excitation. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum at 300 K consists of one large band near 580 nm and two small UV bands at 318 and 397 nm. The optical excitation spectrum of the bright yellow fluorescence consists of two bands near 220 and 250 nm. The temperature dependence of the PL intensity exhibits linear thermal quenching. To reveal the origin of the bright yellow fluorescence from baghdadite, powder Ca₃(Zr,Ti)Si₂O₉ crystals are synthesized. Synthetic Ca₃(Zr,Ti)Si₂O₉ shows luminescence spectra similar to those of baghdadite, and the intensity of the yellow fluorescence is markedly increased by titanium addition. The origin of the bright yellow fluorescence from baghdadite is ascribed to the existence of titanium.     

Deformation-induced polymorphic transformation: experimental deformation of kyanite, andalusite, and sillimanite

Torsion experiments were performed on the Al₂SiO₅ polymorphs in the sillimanite stability field to determine basic rheological characteristics and the effect of deformation on polymorphic transformation. The experiments resulted in extensive transformation of andalusite and kyanite to sillimanite. No transformation occurred during the hot-press (no deformation) stage of sample preparation, which was carried out at similar P–T conditions and duration as the torsion experiments. Experiments were conducted on fine-grained (< 15 µm) aggregates of natural andalusite, kyanite and sillimanite at 1250 °C, 300 MPa, and a constant shear strain rate of 2 × 10^− 4/s to a maximum shear strain of 400%. Electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis of the experiments revealed development of lattice-preferred orientations, with alignment of sillimanite and andalusite [001] slightly oblique to the shear plane. The kyanite experiment could not be analyzed using EBSD because of near complete transformation to sillimanite. Very little strain ( 30%) is required to produce widespread transformation in kyanite and andalusite. Polymorphic transformation in andalusite and kyanite experiments occurred primarily along 500 µm wide shear bands oriented slightly oblique and antithetic to the shear plane and dominated by sub-µm (100–150 nm) fibrolitic sillimanite. Shear bands are observed across the entire strain field preserved in the torsion samples. Scanning transmission electron microscope imaging shows evidence for transformation away from shear bands; e.g. fibrolitic rims on relict andalusite or kyanite. Relict grains typically have an asymmetry that is consistent with shear direction. These experimental results show that sillimanite is by far the weakest of the polymorphs, but no distinction can yet be made on the relative strengths of kyanite and andalusite. These observations also suggest that attaining high bulk strain energy in strong materials such as the Al₂SiO₅ polymorphs is not necessary for triggering transformation. Strain energy is concentrated along grain boundaries, and transformation occurs by a dynamic recrystallization type process. These experiments also illustrate the importance of grain-size sensitive creep at high strains in a system with simultaneous reaction and deformation.     

Primary cracking of kerogens. Experimenting and modelling C1, C2–C5, C6–C15 and C15+ classes of hydrocarbons formed

Mathematical models of hydrocarbon formation can be used to simulate the natural evolution of different types of organic matter and to make an overall calculation of the amounts of oil and/or gas produced during this evolution. However, such models do not provide any information on the composition of the hydrocarbons formed or on how they evolve during catagenesis.From the kinetic standpoint, the composition of the hydrocarbons formed can be considered to result from the effect of “primary cracking” reactions having a direct effect on kerogen during its evolution as well as from the effect of “secondary cracking” acting on the hydrocarbons formed.This report gives experimental results concerning the “primary cracking” of Types II and III kerogens and their modelling. For this, the hydrocarbons produced have been grouped into four classes (C₁, C₂–C₅, C₆–C₁₅ and C₁₅₊). Experimental data corresponding to these different classes were obtained by the pyrolysis of kerogens with temperature programming of 4°C/min with continuous analysis, during heating, of the amount of hydrocarbons corresponding to each of these classes.The kinetic parameters of the model were optimized on the basis of the results obtained. This model represents the first step in the creation of a more sophisticated mathematical model to be capable of simulating the formation of different hydrocarbon classes during the thermal history of sediments. The second step being the adjustment of the kinetic parameters of “secondary cracking”.     

吉林南部辉南-靖宇地区岩石圈地幔氧化-还原状态及研究意义

吉林省南部辉南-靖宇地区第四纪碱性玄武岩中的地幔包体主要为尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩。二辉橄榄岩和方辉橄榄岩的平衡温度分别为770~1000℃和850~1025℃,对应的氧逸度 (f_O2)值分别为FMQ -0.70至+0.34 (均值为FMQ -0.06) 和FMQ -0.46至+0.05 (均值为FMQ -0.15),它们与深海橄榄岩(abyssal peridotites)以及软流圈地幔的f_O2相似。橄榄岩的f_O2值,连同其全岩化学成分(如Mg^#、Al₂O₃、CaO、Ni、Co和Cr)和矿物化学成分(如橄榄石的Fo、尖晶石的Cr^#和Mg^#,以及辉石的Mg^#)特征,表明辉南-靖宇地区龙岗火山群下面的岩石圈地幔很可能是在晚中生代以来,伴随着华北克拉通和扬子板块的碰撞以及来自东侧太平洋板块和北侧蒙古-额霍次克(Mongolo-Okhotsk)板块分别向西和向南的俯冲叠加,原来的古老岩石圈失衡、塌陷(拆沉？),取而代之的深部软流圈底辟、上涌,又经历了低度部分熔融的产物。     

The nature of fluids during pegmatite development in metamorphic terrains: Evidence from Hamadan complex,Sanandaj-Sirjan metamorphic zone,Iran

In the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone of metamorphic belt of Iran, the area south of Hamadan city comprises of metamorphic rocks, granitic batholith with pegmatites and quartz veins. Alvand batholith is emplaced into metasediments of early Mesozoic age. Fluid inclusions have been studied using microthermometry to evaluate the source of fluids from which quartz veins and pegmatites formed to investigate the possible relation between host rocks of pegmatites and the fluid inclusion types. Host minerals of fluid inclusions in pegmatites are quartz, andalusite and tourmaline. Fluid inclusions can be classified into four types. Type 1 inclusions are high salinity aqueous fluids (NaCl_eq >12 wt%). Type 2 inclusions are low to moderate salinity (NaCl_eq <12 wt%) aqueous fluids. Type 3 and 4 inclusions are carbonic and mixed CO₂-H₂O fluid inclusions. The distribution of fluid inclusions indicate that type 1 and type 2 inclusions are present in the pegmatites and quartz veins respectively in the Alvand batholith. This would imply that aqueous magmatic fluids with no detectable CO₂ were present during the crystallization of these pegmatites and quartz veins. Types 3 and 4 inclusions are common in quartz veins and pegmatites in metamorphic rocks and are more abundant in the hornfelses. The distribution of the different types of fluid inclusions suggests that CO₂ fluids generated during metamorphism and metamorphic fluids might also contribute to the formation of quartz veins and pegmatites in metamorphic terrains.