Marine fouling in offshore areas east of Hainan Island, northern South China Sea

INTRODUCTIONBiofoulingonunderwaterpartsofman mademarinestructuresisamajoreconomicandtechni calproblemhavinginternationaldimensionsforthedevelopmentofoceanengineeringbecauseitnotonlyincreasesstaticandhydrodynamicloading,butalsoaffectscorrosioncharacteristicsandim pedesunderwaterinspectionandmaintenance (CallowandEdyvean ,1 990 ) .Duetodifferencesingeographicalpositionsandenvironmentalconditions,thedistributionofsessileorganismsvarieswitharea .Therefore ,understandingtheformationofbiofoulin…     

Marine biofouling in offshore areas south of Hainan Island, northern South China Sea

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＢｉｏｆｏｕｌｉｎｇｃａｎｃａｕｓｅｒｏｕｇｈｎｅｓｓｏｆｓｕｂｍｅｒｇｅｄｓｕｒｆａｃｅｓｏｆｍａｒｉｎｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓ(Ｃｈａｋｒａｂａｒｔｉ,1991),ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｈｙｄｒｏｄｙｎａｍｉｃｌｏａｄｉｎｇｓ(ＷｏｌｆｒａｍａｎｄＴｈｅｏｐｈａｎａｔｏｓ,1985),ａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ(Ｐａｔｉｌｅｔａｌ.,1988),ａｎｄｉｍｐｅｄｅｕｎｄｅｒｗａｔｅｒｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍａｉｎｔｅｎａｎｃｅ(Ｈｏｕｇｈｔｏｎ,1978).Ｔｈｅｌａｃｋｏｆｄ…     

Holocene activity evidence on the southeast boundary fault of Heqing basin,middle segment of Heqing-Eryuan fault zone,West Yunnan Province,China

The Heqing-Eryuan fault is an important part of the active fault system in the Northwestern Yunnan Province, China. Thus, the study on the nature, characteristics and activity history of this fault can provide not only the basis for seismic safety and engineering evaluation, but also the important information for the characteristics, history and patterns of the structural deformation of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Trench and faulted landforms investigations could provide effective paleoseismic methods to obtain the recent parameters of active faults. Using these methods, this study makes some breakthroughs on the recent activity of southeast boundary fault of the Heqing basin, middle segment of Heqing-Eryuan fault zone. Results indicate that the average vertical slip rate and left-lateral slip rate of the segment are about 0.28 mm/a and 1.80 mm/a respectively since the Late Pleistocene. The trench near the Beixi Village at the southeast boundary fault of the Heqing basin reveals that there have been at least three paleoearthquake events during the Holocene (~8 ka BP). The vertical displacement and sinistral strike-slip distance of a single paleoearthquake are ~20 cm and ~1.2 m, respectively. The estimated paleoearthquake magnitudes with Ms7.0, and the recurrence interval at 2-5 ka, as well as the latest activity time during 800- 290 cal yr BP, are of great significance for preventing and mitigating regional earthquake disasters.     

Characteristics of geological structures in Shiling and Zhuanshanhu areas of Yehe Uplift,NE China

The basin marginal fault system is the key to understand the formation and evolution of Songliao Basin. In order to investigate the influence of marginal fault system on the structural evolution of Songliao Basin, a comprehensive study was conducted on Shiling Town and Zhuanshanhu area of Yehe Town in Siping City of Jilin Province, where is the southeastern margin of the Songliao Basin and there are a series of well-exposed fault, fold and intrusive bodies belonging to the main marginal fault sy...     

基于SAR影像后向散射特性的中俄黑龙江流域洪水监测

黑龙江（又称为阿穆尔河）是中国和俄罗斯之间的国际界河,近年来洪水事件频发,给流域内中俄两国带来巨大的人口伤亡和经济损失,加强该流域的洪水监测是两国面临的共同紧迫需求。传统的光学遥感影像受制于洪水期间多云多雨的天气状况,难以及时获得无云影像。本文充分利用全天候雷达数据的优势,提出了一种基于哨兵1号（Sentinel-1）合成孔径雷达数据监测大面积区域洪水的方法。通过Gamma分布和高斯分布拟合SAR影像后向散射系数的概率密度分布,迭代后验概率差值,自动获得全局阈值来分割初始的水体,基于辅助数据细化去除了初始水体中与水体相似的误分类型,并由形态学操作后处理提高了提取的洪水的均匀性。结果表明：(1)与传统的分割算法相比,本文提出的方法基于SAR影像后向散射系数的分布规律进行概率密度函数分段拟合,将全局统计划分为局部关系,显著地改善了常规分割算法在水体和非水体像素量级相差过大而表现不佳的情况;(2)研究获得了2017—2020年逐年的洪水分布,结果总体精度在87.78%～94.89%之间,Kappa系数在0.76～0.89之间;(3)特别是对于大面积半干旱地区,本文结合了后向散射特性、地形和其...     

Joint inversion of magnetotelluric and fullwaveform seismic data based on alternating cross-gradient structural constraints

Magnetotelluric(MT)inversion and seismic inversion are important methods for the interpretation of subsurface exploration data,but separate inversion of MT and seismic produces ambiguous and non-unique results due to various factors.In order to achieve accurate results,the authors propose a joint inversion method of two-dimensional MT and seismic data in the frequency domain.The finite element method is used for numerical simulation of electromagnetic data in the forward modelling,and the Gauss-Newton method is used for the inversion.The 9-point-finite-difference method is used to solve the seismic wave field in the acoustic wave equation,and the inverse problem of seismic data is solved by full waveform inversion with a conjugate gradient,a simple and fast method.Cross gradient functions are used to provide constraint structure between resistivity and velocity parameters to carry out the joint inversion.The joint inversion algorithm is tested by double-rectangular model synthesis data,and the accuracy of the algorithm is verified.The results show that the joint inversion results are better than those from separate inversion.The algorithm is applied to a geophysical model of a metalliferous deposit in Jinchuan and is compared with the separate inversion results.It shows that the results obtained with joint inversion are much closer to the real model.     

中国北方农牧交错带土地沙化区典型植物的雨季水分来源

中国北方农牧交错带是中东部地区重要的生态安全屏障, 由于其系统结构脆弱、生态环境问题多发、土地沙化严重, 开展生态修复工作显得十分重要。植物-土壤水分关系作为土地沙化区生态水文过程的重要组成部分, 研究二者的转化过程对于了解植物吸水模式、确定生态修复的首选植物种非常关键。以河北省张家口市康保县北部为例, 基于雨季的大气降水、地下水、土壤水和植物水的氢氧同位素特征, 分析了主要植物的吸水层位、生态位宽度和水分竞争关系。结果表明, 柠条以吸收80~100 cm深度土壤水为主, 吸水比例最大可达87.7%, 油菜花以吸收0~20 cm深度土壤水为主, 吸水比例最大可达82.3%, 狼针的吸水层位与土壤含水率有关, 在含水率较高的深度吸水比例更大, 栉叶蒿的吸水深度较为均衡, 各植物种的生态位宽度均较大, 但部分植物间存在较强的水分竞争关系。本研究为中国北方农牧交错带土地沙化区的植物水源来源识别和生态修复提供了科学依据。      

Late Pleistocene-Holocene slip history of the Langshan-Seertengshan piedmont fault(Inner Mongolia,northern China) from cosmogenic ~(10)Be dating on a bedrock fault scarp

Offset geomorphic features and deformed late Quaternary strata indicate active deformation along the Langshan-Seertengshan piedmont fault(LSPF),one of the most active faults in the Hetao fault zone in Inner Mongolia,North China.The widespread occurrence of bedrock fault scarps along the LSPF offers excellent opportunity to examine the faulting history.Using cosmogenic (10)~Be exposure dating,we measured the exposure ages of the western Langshankou scarp,located in the middle segment of the LSPF.Our data revealed at least two earthquakes that occurred at 22.2±3.3 ka and 7.2±2.4 ka,respectively.These events are consistent with previous paleoseismic trench studies.The regression of the relationship between the age and sampling height along the scarp yield a fault slip rate of 0.10 +0.05/-0.06 mm/yr,which issignificantly lower than the average post-late Pleistocene fault slip rate of ~1 mm/yr,as estimated from the offset of the T_2 terraces by previous studies.This indicates that the slip of the LSPF may have been accommodated by other fault branches.     

南海北部莺-琼盆地典型重力流沉积特征与物源体系

简述了莺-琼盆地横向沉积分布、纵向沉积序列、动态沉积过程,以及浅海重力流的沉积特征与形成机制。南海北部莺歌海盆地黄流组发育了浅海背景下的大型重力流沉积,琼东南盆地发育了半深海沉积环境下的陵水组、三亚组、梅山组海底扇。其中浅海重力流沉积的主要特征体现在：(1)沉积规模大小不等,且展布形态存在较大差异;(2)海平面变化造成沉积特征的复杂性和多变性;(3)浅海重力流沉积通常不具备扇体亚相分异;(4)浅海重力流的水道沉积砂体迁移快、堆积厚,表现为水道富集且多期次叠加。莺-琼盆地物源演化与对比揭示了源-汇过程及不同物源输入的动态时空变化,主控因素包括物源供给、相对海平面变化、差异沉降、古地貌(古坡折及坡度)等。     

基于古地貌和断裂控制的辽西低凸起锦州S油田沙河街组沉积体系

为明确辽西低凸起锦州S油田沙河街组沉积相带展布及其控制因素,综合应用岩心、测井和地震等资料,分析古地貌特征、断裂系统展布及其对沉积体系演化的控制作用,确定沙河街组SQ1—SQ4层序沉积相类型,探讨沙河街组沉积体系的演化规律。结果表明:研究区沙河街组发育辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲、湖泊等沉积体系类型;古地貌整体控制沉积体系类型;构造转换带是锦州S油田沉积物的主要运移通道。古地貌较低的C区,以及受转换带二次运移沉积的F、G区发育辫状河三角洲前缘亚相,砂体厚度大,储层质量好,有利于油气富集。该结果为研究区有利相带及优质砂体预测提供参考。     

STUDY ON THE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN CHINA

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＴＨＥＳＰＡＴＩＡＬＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＲＵＲＡＬＡＲＥＡＳＩＮＣＨＩＮＡ￥ＺｅｎｇＪｕｘｉｎ（曾菊新）（ＤｅｐｏｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＨｕａｚｈｏｎｇＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｗｕｈａｎ４３００７０，ＰＲＣ...     

黄河口凹陷南斜坡新生代断裂构造特征及演化

黄河口凹陷新生代断裂复杂多样,岩浆活动频繁。利用三维地震资料,根据断裂体系特征、构造演化分析、地层厚度变化及钻井资料等,研究黄河口凹陷南斜坡新生代断裂构造特征及演化规律,分析断裂体系在古新世—早始新世断陷期、晚始新世—渐新世强走滑与强拉张期、新近纪走滑与热沉降期三个阶段的区域应力背景及演化特征。结果表明:研究区断裂体系划分为走滑断裂、拉张—走滑断裂和走滑—拉张断裂等三种断裂类型,以及"阶梯状""负花状""雁列式"和"复合花状"等四种断裂组合类型,并具有"三元"构造层结构特征;岩浆活动规律与断裂演化史具有同步性,断裂体系演化规律控制岩浆活动的时空差异性。该研究结果对复杂构造区断裂解释和岩浆活动模式建立具有参考意义。     

河南熊耳山北部上观环形构造及其找矿意义

河南省西部的熊耳山地区是重要的金成矿集中区,区内环形-线性构造与成矿存在耦合关系。本研究中对最新高分SPOT-5图像和Aster的遥感地质解译发现,熊耳山北部上观周围区域存在多个环形构造,主要发育于太华群古老变质岩和熊耳群火山岩中,南部附近为中生代花山岩体。环形构造集中分布,大环套小环、线性和环形构造交切。影像蚀变信息提取研究发现,环形构造周围及其内部发育较好的铁染异常和羟基异常,具有良好的找矿前景。附近和周围已知的金矿床和金矿点零星分布,但其遥感图像与熊耳山其他类似环形构造发育地区相比,影像特征更为典型,且成矿条件似更为优越,有可能成为熊耳山地区又一个金银成矿集中区。     

郯庐断裂带渤东区段断裂特征及其对油气运移的控制作用

郯庐断裂带渤东区段处于郯庐断裂带渤海海域平面延伸方向的转换区域,无论平面规模还是垂向活动强度均有其特殊
性,且该段不同构造带上主断裂带表现形式存在着明显的差异。利用多片三维地震资料精细解释成果,结合钻井资料,按照主断
裂发育的位置和垂向活动强度,对渤东地区的走滑断裂进行了分类,主要分为凸起边界长期活动断裂、洼陷-斜坡区的“早断早
衰”型走滑断裂及凸起区的“早断中衰”型走滑断裂。重点介绍了后两种隐伏走滑断裂的发育特征及解释方法。郯庐断裂活动强
度、盖层泥岩厚度及新构造运动产生的晚期断裂活动强度不同是造成不同类型走滑断裂差异的主要原因。在此基础上探讨了郯
庐断裂带渤东区段对油气垂向运移的控制作用,提出深浅断裂平面重叠区是渤东地区油气勘探的有利场所。      

Identifying the priority areas for enhancing the ecosystem services in hilly and mountainous areas of southern China

Ecosystem services can be enhanced through ecological restoration,industrial structure adjustment,land-use optimization,and agricultural and forestry ecosystem ...     

郯庐断裂带苏皖段及邻区b值时空特征研究

采用郯庐断裂带苏皖段及邻区近50 a的地震数据,在定量分析区域最小完备震级Mc和推导b值计算的极大似然法基础上,重点研究G-R关系,尤其是b值时空分布演化特征,并依据b值指示意义进行5级以上地震关联性和断裂带影响区域的构造应力分布状况分析.结果显示,依据b值的时间分布特征,研究区中强地震发生时段与中短期b值下降时段关联...     

Late Pleistocene - Holocene slip history of the Langshan-Seertengshan piedmont fault (Inner Mongolia,northern China) from cosmogenic <Superscript>10</Superscript>Be dating on a bedrock fault scarp

Offset geomorphic features and deformed late Quaternary strata indicate active deformation along the Langshan-Seertengshan piedmont fault (LSPF), one of the most active faults in the Hetao fault zone in Inner Mongolia, North China. The widespread occurrence of bedrock fault scarps along the LSPF offers excellent opportunity to examine the faulting history. Using cosmogenic ¹⁰Be exposure dating, we measured the exposure ages of the western Langshankou scarp, located in the middle segment of the LSPF. Our data revealed at least two earthquakes that occurred at 22.2±3.3 ka and 7.2±2.4 ka, respectively. These events are consistent with previous paleoseismic trench studies. The regression of the relationship between the age and sampling height along the scarp yield a fault slip rate of 0.10 +0.05/-0.06 mm/yr, which is significantly lower than the average post-late Pleistocene fault slip rate of ~1 mm/yr, as estimated from the offset of the T2 terraces by previous studies. This indicates that the slip of the LSPF may have been accommodated by other fault branches.     

Characteristics and influencing factors of proximity distance index on the northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau in China

Topographic feature points and lines are the framework of topography, and their spatial distance relationship is an breakthrough in the study of topographical geometry, internal structure and development level. Proximity distance(PD) is an indicator to describe the distance between the gully source point(GSP) and the watershed boundary. In the upstream catchment area, PDs can be expressed by the streamline proximity distance(SPD), as well as by the horizontal proximity distance(HPD) and the vertical proximity distance(VPD) in the horizontal and vertical dimensions, respectively. The series of indicators(e.g., SPD, HPD and VPD) are important for quantifying the geomorphological development process of a loess basin because of the headward erosion of loess gullies. In this study, the digital elevation model data with 5 m resolution and a digital topographic analysis method are used for the statistical analyses of the SPD, VPD and HPD in 50 sample areas of 6 geomorphic types in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. The spatial characteristics and the influencing factors are also analysed. Results show that: 1) Central tendencies for the HPDs and the VPDs for the whole study area and the six typical loess landforms are evident. 2) Spatial patterns of the HPDs and the VPDs exhibit evident trends and zonal distributions over the whole study area. 3) The HPDs have a strong positive correlation with gully density(GD) and hypsometric integral. The VPDs also correlates with GD to an extent. Vegetation cover, mean annual precipitation and loess thickness have stronger effects on the VPD than on the HPD.     

Distribution and origin of sediments on the northern Sunda Shelf, South China Sea

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＯｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｓｈｅｌｖｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｌｙｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｅｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａｉｓｔｈｅ1850000ｋｍ2ＳｕｎｄａＳｈｅｌｆｌｏｃａｔｅｄｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｌａｒｇｅｉｓｌａｎｄｓｏｆＳｕｍａｔｒａ,Ｂｏｒｎｅｏ,ＪａｖａａｎｄｍａｉｎｌａｎｄＡｓｉａ(ＬａＦｏｎｄ,1966).ＴｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅＳｕｎｄａＳｈｅｌｆｉｓｓｅｐａｒａｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＪａｖａＳｅａｓ…     

Recent advances on study of hadrosaurid dinosaurs in Heilongjiang(Amur) River area between China and Russia

Four main dinosaur-bearing sites have been investigated in latest Cretaceous deposits from the Amur/Heilongjiang Region: Jiayin and Wulaga in China (Yuliangze Formation) ,Blagoveschensk and Kundur in Rus- sia (Udurchukan Formation) . More than 90% of the bones discovered in these localities belong to hollowcrested lambeosaurine hadrosaurids: Charonosaurus jiayinensis at Jiayin,Amurosaurus riabinini at Blagoveschensk, Olorotitan arharensis at Kundur,and Sahaliyania elunchunorum at Wulaga. Flat-headed hadrosaurine hadrosau- rids are much less numerous,but appear well diversified as well: Kerberosaurus manakini at Blagoveschensk, Wulagasaurus dongi at Wulaga,and a new genus at Kundur. Theropods are represented by shed teeth and isolated bones; isolated scutes and teeth discovered at Kundur are tentatively attributed to nodosaurids. Palynologi- cal studies suggest that these sites are probably synchronous with the Lancian’ vertebrate localities of western North America,which represent the youngest dinosaur faunas in this area. However,the latest Cretaceous dinosaur assemblages are completely different in the Amur/Heilongjiang region (lambeosaurines abundant,ceratopsids absent) and in western North America (ceratopsids abundant,lambeosaurines extremely rare or absent) . This probably reflects some kind of geographical barrier between both areas by Maastrichtian time rather than strong differences in palaeoecological conditions.