开花后淹水对两个冬小麦品种旗叶光合性能的影响研究

选用小麦品种济麦20和泰农18,采用池栽补灌淹水方法,研究开花期及灌浆期3d、6d、9d、12d淹水对小麦旗叶光合性能及籽粒产量的影响。淹水期间光合降低,淹水后光合性能有所恢复。灌浆前淹水提高了灌浆中后期光合性能,但以后光合性能迅速降低。除淹水3d外,两时期6～12 d淹水均引起籽粒产量降低。产量降低的主导因素是粒数的减少,其次是粒重的降低。     

开花后淹水对小麦旗叶叶肉细胞及产量的影响

选用小麦品种济麦20和泰农18,采用池栽补灌淹水方法,研究开花期及灌浆期3、6、9、12d淹水对小麦旗叶叶肉细胞形态及籽粒产量的影响.开花期淹水,减少叶肉细胞的裂解,延缓了旗叶衰老;灌浆期淹水,则加剧了叶肉细胞的裂解,旗叶的衰老加速.除淹水3d外,两时期6-12 d淹水均引起籽粒产量降低.产量降低的主导因素是粒数的减少,其次是粒重的降低.     

淹水对夏玉米性状及产量的影响试验研究

为定量探求洪涝灾害对玉米生长及产量的影响,于2008和2009年在河南省驻马店地区进行以淹水日数和淹水发育期为试验因素的模拟试验。结过表明:淹水1 d对玉米产量影响甚微,淹水3 d以上减产率40%以上,拔节期淹水5～7 d,抽雄期淹水7 d夏玉米基本绝收。淹水对夏玉米植株死亡率、果穗成穗率、单株籽粒重影响明显;对株高、果穗长、粗、百粒重和秃尖率影响较小。拔节期的淹水危害重于抽雄期。讨论了淹水日数与淹水发育期对玉米产量影响的交互作用。初步建立了淹水的玉米产量损失率评估模型。     

土壤干旱对作物生长过程和产量影响的研究进展

水分短缺是作物生长中最大的限制因子,土壤干旱胁迫使植物的长势、生理机制、激素水平等都会发生一系列变化。在干旱半干旱地区,土壤水分亏缺能明显抑制作物根系和地上部生长,显著降低作物的生物量、产量和收获指数。禾谷类作物小麦（Triticum aestivum）在灌浆期遇到水分胁迫时,会引起光合速率降低、灌浆时间缩短、灌浆速率下降、植株老化提前,但是它能增加营养组织到籽粒中非结构性碳水化合物的再代谢。土壤水分和植物激素共同调控作物的灌浆过程,当遇到土壤干旱时,作物叶片、花、籽粒发育过程中植物生长调节剂ABA浓度明显增加,且ABA、乙烯、ACC等的浓度随着干旱程度而变化。植物对干旱的适应性主要表现在植物生理、形态上的改变,比如植株结构、干物质积累、植物组织渗透势、气孔导度等的变化。土壤干旱不利于植物生长,但有利于胁迫临界点的产生,这就有可能利用土壤干旱条件下在灌浆较慢时诱导整个植株衰老和更好地进行碳代谢来提高籽粒产量,如果在作物灌浆后期适度控制土壤干旱可以增加籽粒产量和收获指数,有助于农业生产中的节水,这对于发展可持续农业是迫切需要的。     

干旱胁迫对甘肃中部春小麦生理性状及灌水利用效率的影响

为研究干旱胁迫对春小麦生长发育阶段生理性状和灌水利用效率的影响,以高产优质抗旱春小麦新品种‘定丰18号’和‘定丰19号’为材料,对其分蘖期到成熟期进行正常供水(WW)、轻度土壤干旱(MD)和重度土壤干旱(SD) 3种不同水分处理,研究3种处理对小麦叶片水势、光合速率、籽粒灌浆速率、产量构成因素以及灌水利用效率的影响。结果表明,与WW处理比较,MD和SD处理显著降低了叶片水势(p <0. 05),MD处理通过夜间恢复其叶片水势可达到正常水平,SD处理不能恢复; SD处理显著抑制了叶片光合作用,MD处理与WW处理无显著差异(p> 0. 05);与WW处理相比,MD处理籽粒灌浆速率、粒重、穗粒数、千粒重和产量显著增加,而SD处理则显著降低(p <0. 05),不同处理间容重无显著差异(p> 0. 05)。两个不同小麦品种的两年试验结果基本一致,适度的水分亏缺有利于小麦增产,从而可提高其灌水利用效率。     

阶段性干旱胁迫对小麦光合生理特性及产量结构的影响

在人工遮雨的条件下,采用盆栽的种植方式探究"皖麦68"营养生长期(返青期—开花期)及生殖生长期(开花期—成熟期)轻度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量为55%±5%)及复水(土壤相对含水量为70%±5%)对其光合生理特性及产量结构的影响。结果表明:返青期至成熟期充分供水(CK)的小麦旗叶光合参数和产量最高。开花至成熟期复水(DN)的小麦叶片在复水后光合能力迅速恢复,表现出了超补偿效应:光合速率(16.43μmol/(m~2·s))甚至超过了CK(15.01μmol/(m~2·s));采用非直角双曲线模型拟合小麦旗叶的光响应曲线,其中DN的曲角θ最大;DN产量较CK略有降低但千粒重为34.51 g,高于CK(34.44 g)。开花至成熟期轻度干旱(ND)及全生育期轻度干旱(DD)的小麦光合特征参数与产量均显著降低。DD产量最低、品质最差,但其收获指数I_H高于CK、仅次于DN。在小麦返青期—开花期进行水分管理适量减少灌溉,开花期—成熟期复水能够提升籽粒的干物质积累量,获得较高的产量及品质。     

小麦灌浆与气象条件

小麦粒重是构成产量的三个因素(穗数、粒数、粒重)之一。影响小麦粒重的因素很复杂,如植株的营养状况、病虫害、气象因素等都可使粒重发生大幅度的变化。在北京地区,小麦籽粒形成和灌浆时期,旱季即将结束,雨季快要来临,气象要素变化较大,对籽粒的形成、灌浆以及粒重的影响非常明显。近几年,我们作了一些观测分析,概述如下。     

小麦灌浆与气象

小麦灌浆期是决定最终籽粒产量的关键时期，灌浆时期小麦种植区的气象条件是影响小麦灌浆的主要因素之一。1气象条件对小麦灌浆的影响气象条件对小麦灌浆的影响，表现在灌浆时间与灌浆速度两方面。灌浆时间是指从开花到硬仁的整个灌浆持续时间，灌浆速度则指千粒重的每日增长量。小麦粒重一灌浆速度X灌浆时间，灌浆速度越快，灌浆时间越长，积累的干物质就越多，反之则少，因此，气象条件影响粒重的变化，实际上是影响灌浆速度和灌浆时间的结果。1．五温度对小麦灌浆的影响小麦灌浆持续时间主要受日平均温度的影响。灌浆期的适宜温度为18～…     

春小麦后期气象条件对千粒重的影响

有的年份,本县春小麦存在籽粒秕瘦现象,对产量影响很大。不少研究认为,小麦籽粒中的干物质大部分是在杨花后积累的。虽有部分是在杨花前贮存在茎秆中,但扬花后也转运到籽粒中。因此,后期气象条件的好坏,直接关系到小麦灌浆强度和千粒重的高低。本文使用临洮县农科所1979年春小麦分期播种试验材料,并进行产量因素与各时期气象要素的事件相关计算,研究影响小麦千     

气象条件对冬小麦籽粒增重的影响

一、前言 菏泽地区气候条件对冬小麦的生长发育和产量形成基本是有利的,但在小麦籽粒灌浆成熟过程中,天气条件变化较大,经常出     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.