隧道开挖对沟谷坡体变形影响及衬砌结构力学特性分析

某公路隧道洞口穿越黄土沟谷,受沟谷地形影响,该隧道为典型的偏压双孔隧道。基于沟谷地形地貌、隧道分布情况、黄土地层及隧道结构物理力学参数建立有限元数值计算模型,采用强度折减法分析左洞(埋深大)先行方案与右洞(埋深小)先行方案对沟谷坡体稳定性的影响,进一步研究不同施工方案下隧道衬砌结构受力特性。研究结果表明,左洞开挖对坡体滑动面及塑性区影响较大,并对坡脚位移的影响程度最大;隧道开挖先行洞的衬砌结构受力较大,左洞先行方案对衬砌影响程度大于右洞先行方案,但左洞先行方案对坡体稳定性有利。据此,建议该偏压隧道采用左洞(埋深大)先行方案,以减小隧道开挖对坡体的扰动,同时根据衬砌结构内侧受力薄弱点分布规律加强左、右洞衬砌设计。     

西山隧道施工中的地质灾害及其防治实践

总结了萧山市西山隧道施工过程中 ,采用管棚、侧壁导洞、边坡预裂爆破、超声波测试及先锚后灌中空锚杆等一系新技术、新工艺 ,在特扁平、多功能城市隧道施工中成功地解决了高岭土断层塌方、高边坡坍塌、洞口滑坡等地质灾害问题的经验 ,阐明了地质灾害对隧道施工的影响。     

隧道-洞口滑坡体系受力特征及变形模式

随着我国高速铁路在西部地区的大规模建设,隧道在线路中所占的比例越来越高,洞口隧道在滑坡作用下产生的病害越来越严重。然而,我国目前在隧道-洞口滑坡体系设计中没有可供参考的受力变形模式,因此本文以隧道-洞口滑坡为研究对象,通过对云南功东高速公路中隧道-滑坡工程实例的总结及工程地质模型的建立,对滑坡推力作用下的隧道变形模式进行研究,得到如下结论:(1)将隧道-洞口滑坡分为与滑面相交和下穿滑体两种模式,与滑面相交的隧道直接受到剩余滑坡推力的作用,而下穿滑体的隧道主要承受附加荷载的影响;(2)位于滑体内隧道承受围岩压力、滑坡推力和岩土抗力的作用,可将洞口有刚性支撑的隧道-滑坡结构简化为简支梁,无刚性支撑作用下的隧道-滑坡结构简化为悬臂梁;(3)下穿滑体隧道在附加荷载的影响下,拱部承受多余的压力而受到偏压作用,拱顶形成受拉区域,出现拉张裂缝。     

厦门海底隧道围岩流变特性及其特征曲线

厦门海底隧道是我国建设的第一条海底公路隧道,其穿越的F1,F2,F3,F4共4条断层破碎带,洞体围岩软弱、破碎,流变属性十分明显。对该类岩石进行了室内三轴压缩流变试验。试验结果表明,幂律型蠕变模型可以用来较好地模拟该类岩石除第三阶段蠕变以外的蠕变行为,并得到幂律型蠕变模型的相关流变参数。将幂律型蠕变方程和Drucker-Prager屈服准则相耦合来描述岩体的非线性黏弹塑性特性,应用数值方法研究了该隧道围岩的变形特性及其特征曲线。     

内出进洞方式对浅埋偏压隧道洞口段围岩稳定性影响研究

厦蓉线水都高速平寨隧道左洞洞口受施工条件、浅埋和偏压等因素的影响,采取了中横洞内出的进洞方法。现场监测成果表明施工取得了良好的效果。为研究该进洞方式对洞口浅埋偏压段围岩稳定性的影响,利用FLAC3D程序对平寨隧道施工过程进行三维仿真分析,比较中横洞内出和正面开挖两种进洞方式下左洞洞口围岩变形和应力变化情况,结果表明中横洞内出方案对近洞口约24m范围内围岩影响较小,为较优方案。     

竹岭隧道西洞口滑坡成因及治理方案

竹岭隧道位于三阳附近,受断裂构造影响,西洞口ZK74 329～ 495段边坡施工后失稳,严重影响隧道施工及安全。本文就其成因机制加以剖析,推断出滑动面形态,通过反分析,确定坡体力学参数,进行稳定性计算,并提出锚索抗滑桩、减载支挡及接长明洞3个治理方案,进行经济技术比较后,建议采用减载支挡综合治理方案。     

乌鞘岭特长隧道复杂地质条件下断层带应力及变形现场监测分析

乌鞘岭隧道是我国迄今为止已建成最长的单线铁路隧道,隧道总长约为20.05 km,而F7断层是乌鞘岭隧道中最长、地质条件最为复杂的活动断层,对隧道施工十分不利。根据F7断层特点及施工中遇到的问题,在乌鞘岭隧道岭脊地段F7断层区段,对洞室开挖后的围岩及支护衬砌结构进行各项应力监测和收敛变形监测,分析了围岩、衬砌系统受力及变形变化趋势,从而探究围岩挤压大变形的机制,掌握围岩应力释放与围岩压力的作用规律;并根据现场监测结果,提出对隧道穿越F7断层区段的断面采用动态优化设计方案及改进的施工措施,避免隧道出现大变形,从而保证隧道穿越F7断层区段安全、快速的进行。     

郯庐断裂带江苏段新构造活动规律分析

郯庐断裂带江苏段在白垩纪伸展活动中发育了四条北北东走向的大型正断层,自东向西分别简称F1、F2、F3和F4断层。它们控制发育了北北东向展布的东地堑、西地堑及两者之间的地垒,东地堑内部还出现了一条北北东向的F5断层。详细的野外地质调查表明,郯庐断裂带江苏段活断层广泛出现,F2、F3与F5活断层以逆冲活动为主,而F1断层北段则为逆右行平移活动。活断层擦痕反演应力场显示这些活断层是在北东东-南西西向挤压作用下活动,与现今的应力状态相似。根据活断层对第四系沉积及地貌的控制规律认为,F1、F2、F3与F5断层的最新活动时代为晚更新世,F4断层北段在第四纪以来发生过活动,F4断层南段在第四纪以来没有活动迹象。通过断距及第四系沉积特征分析认为,江苏段各断层中F2与F5断层的活动强度最大。通过详细野外地质调查及有关资料分析,本文认为F1、F2、F3及F4活断层多为白垩系地堑边界正断层直接复活成因,具有不均一分段活动的特点;而倾向多变的F5活断层则是利用东地堑边界断层的同向或反向正断层复活。关于该断裂带新构造活动规律与机制的正确认识,对理解其第四纪以来的构造演化、地震活动规律及中国东部近代动力学等问题,具有十分重要的意义。     

软岩下桥隧相连段车辆冲击效应模型试验研究

为研究软弱围岩（Ⅳ、Ⅴ级）条件下桥、隧相连段在后期运营中车辆荷载及其冲击作用下的力学行为、作用效应等,依托相关工程实例开展了系统的室内模型试验研究。结合桥、隧相连工程的实际特点,依据相似理论,给出了模型试验中桥、隧结构及洞周岩土体各物理量间的相似关系,对模型试验方法进行了系统的分析和阐述。通过模型试验研究表明,Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩条件下的桥、隧相连段中,运营中的汽车荷载及其冲击作用,易使桥梁、隧道衬砌关键部位产生不利力学效应或结构损伤,使桥梁跨中、搭接端及洞底产生过大位移或沉降,并易使隧道洞口围岩稳定性降低等。因此,对桥隧相连段的桥、隧及洞口围岩各关键部位宜采取局部加强措施,以避免各种损伤或病害的发生     

断层对隧道围岩稳定性的影响

针对隧道开挖过程中的隧道围岩稳定性问题, 将地质力学中构造体系的复合及构造演化应用到隧道围岩稳定性分析中去, 分析了各种力学性质的单一式断层、归并复合式断层以及断层交会等的特点和对隧道围岩稳定性的影响, 并通过厦门海底隧道现场实例加以验证。研究结果显示, 断层交会和断层归并复合很容易引起围岩失稳, 断层的其他要素如风化程度、断层走向与隧道中线走向的夹角对围岩稳定性影响也很大。研究为隧道施工提供了有意义的借鉴。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861