Seismograph networks of the Institute of Geological Sciences,U.K.

The IGS operates an eight-station, 100-km aperture network linked by radio to a central recorder in Edinburgh. It has been an observatory station for eight years supplying a rapid data input service to world agencies. The importance of infrequent local and regional seismic vibrations has been recognized by engineers as well as scientists involved in the study of intra-plate tectonics. In cooperation with other groups the IGS has embarked on a programme of more detailed monitoring within the United Kingdom and is anticipating closer links with other European stations in order to improve knowledge of the seismicity of the North Sea. The latter is particularly important because of the level of economic activity in the area, the sparse historical record, and the recently demonstrated potential for significant local earthquakes.Overseas, the IGS has instrumented the 20-channel array (SAAS) in Brazil, which is operated in collaboration with the University of Brasilia, and is providing technical support for the Turkish-U.K. network (MARNET) to monitor seismicity in the Marmara Sea.     

Methods of terrain evaluation,Mackenzie Transportation Corridor,N.W.T., Canada

In 1971 and 1972, the Terrain Sciences Division of the Geological Survey of Canada carried out the largest mapping program in its history of the distribution and characteristics of terrain types. Over 140.000 mile² (360,000 km²) of the Mackenzie Transportation Corridor was evaluated. This information was supplied to the public, industry and government in order to plan and design projects properly, by efficiently utilizing natural resources and minimizing environmental damage. The requirements of potential users varied to such a degree that it was decided to map the ‘basic’ geology and other terrain characteristics so that derivative maps could be constructed for specific uses. A mapping system was devised for surficial deposits using genesis as the primary unit, modified by texture and morphology. Organic and permafrost terrain were included, factors not ordinarily a part of traditional geological mapping. The system was comprehensive and flexible enough to include such aspects as the percentages of minor units, unit thickness, and slope and other morphological characteristics. In bedrock and unglaciated areas, a second system based upon the same principles as the first but arranged in a different manner was devised. In this case, the primary unit is based upon relief, with additional information on lithology of the bedrock, texture of overlying debris, and broad morphological and slope characteristics. Comprehensive legends were prepared. Using the mapping units as the base, the legends were divided into various categories, providing information on the composition, ground ice content, thickness, and engineering characteristics of the deposits, and surface characteristics including topography, drainage pattern, vegetation, and dominant soils (pedologic sense).