利用双差层析成像方法反演阿拉斯加地区岩石圈速度结构

阿拉斯加地区由不同地质时期的地体向北增生而成,经历了漫长的构造演化,地质构造复杂。ANF （Array Network Facility）网站新近提供的来自USArray地震台网记录的地震台站观测数据填补了阿拉斯加地区西部和北部的观测空白,本文选取该区域中345个台站记录的5 638个地震事件的P波、S波到时数据,采用区域双差地震层析成像方法反演得到了该地区的岩石圈三维P波速度模型和地震重定位结果。研究结果显示:阿拉斯加西部太平洋板块的俯冲倾角较大,深部地幔楔表现为P波低速异常,推测由俯冲板块顶部脱水产生的流体释放到地幔楔并触发部分熔融所致,这些熔融物质上升到达地表形成阿留申火山岛链;中部亚库塔特（Yakutat）地体与太平洋板块发生耦合,俯冲倾角减小,一方面使地壳压应力增加,引起地壳增厚和楚加奇（Chugach）山脉隆升,另一方面导致该处地幔楔降温从而使产生的熔体减少,并随着地壳压应力的增加部分地壳裂隙闭合,阻断了熔体上升至地表,从而形成迪那利（Denali）火山空区;亚库塔特地体与东部兰格尔（Wrangell）火山区之间存在较明显的分界,兰格尔火山区下方的低速区（与岩浆活动对应）集中于西北侧,火山区的岩浆来源可能与环形地幔流沿太平洋—亚库塔特板块边缘的上升流相关。这些结果表明,阿拉斯加地区深部复杂的地球动力学过程导致了其地表复杂的地质构造。      

南阿拉斯加地壳及上地幔结构成像研究

通过反演562891个纵波和156321个横波走时数据,第一次同时获得了阿拉斯加地区地壳及上地幔的纵波与横波速度以及泊松比图像,为更好地认识阿拉斯加地区的深部地震结构、太平洋板块与亚库塔特板块的俯冲几何形态提供了科学依据.成像结果表明P波和S波速度图像与泊松比结构具有很好的一致性,强的高速度和低泊松比异常沿着阿拉斯加俯冲带延伸至200 km深度,该高速度和低泊松比异常体与俯冲带的地震空间分布吻合,因此,我们认为该高速体为俯冲的太平洋板块和亚库塔特板块.从地震空间分布发现,大部分大地震（M>6.5）发生在高速度与低速度异常交界处,可能反映了俯冲板块之间强耦合作用.在俯冲带的地幔楔显示出广泛的低速度和高泊松比异常,并且这些异常与岛弧火山的位置相对应,这与大洋板块俯冲所形成的岩浆入侵作用有关.研究结果表明在南阿拉斯加俯冲带,俯冲板块的俯冲角度从兰格尔块体下方的平坦变成在布里斯托尔湾下方的陡峭,这与亚库塔特板块俯冲在兰格尔块体下方和太平洋板块俯冲在布里斯托尔湾下方有关.在基奈半岛和科迪亚克岛连接处的上地幔位置存在强烈的低速与高泊松比异常体,使该处的大洋俯冲板块变薄.这一现象可能与亚库塔特板块和太平洋板块相互碰撞作用以及软流圈强烈的上升流入侵有关.     

浙、闽及近海前新生代大地构造格架及演化

在前人对浙、闽及近海大地构造认识的基础上,根据地质、物探、同位素年代资料,按地体构造概念提出了我们的见解。本区是一个前新生代地体碰撞构造区,由西往东有下列地体及地体碰撞带:闽西北地体,龙泉碰撞带,浙东南地体,东南沿海碰撞带,温东地体。舟山-平湖断裂是分隔本区与北面不同地质区的平移断层(或古转换断层)。前新生代的大地构造演化就是这些地体漂移、碰撞拼贴和俯冲带跃移史     

Alpine tectonic evolution of a Jurassic subduction-accretionary complex: Deformation,kinematics and Ar/Ar age constraints on the Mesozoic low-grade schists of the Circum-Rhodope Belt in the eastern Rhodope-Thrace region,Bulgaria-Greece

Deformation of the Circum-Rhodope Belt Mesozoic (Middle Triassic to earliest Lower Cretaceous) low-grade schists underneath an arc-related ophiolitic magmatic suite and associated sedimentary successions in the eastern Rhodope-Thrace region occurred as a two-episode tectonic process: (i) Late Jurassic deformation of arc to margin units resulting from the eastern Rhodope-Evros arc–Rhodope terrane continental margin collision and accretion to that margin, and (ii) Middle Eocene deformation related to the Tertiary crustal extension and final collision resulting in the closure of the Vardar ocean south of the Rhodope terrane. The first deformational event D₁ is expressed by Late Jurassic NW-N vergent fold generations and the main and subsidiary planar-linear structures. Although overprinting, these structural elements depict uniform bulk north-directed thrust kinematics and are geometrically compatible with the increments of progressive deformation that develops in same greenschist-facies metamorphic grade. It followed the Early-Middle Jurassic magmatic evolution of the eastern Rhodope-Evros arc established on the upper plate of the southward subducting Maliac-Meliata oceanic lithosphere that established the Vardar Ocean in a supra-subduction back-arc setting. This first event resulted in the thrust-related tectonic emplacement of the Mesozoic schists in a supra-crustal level onto the Rhodope continental margin. This Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous tectonic event related to N-vergent Balkan orogeny is well-constrained by geochronological data and traced at a regional-scale within distinct units of the Carpatho-Balkan Belt. Following subduction reversal towards the north whereby the Vardar Ocean was subducted beneath the Rhodope margin by latest Cretaceous times, the low-grade schists aquired a new position in the upper plate, and hence, the Mesozoic schists are lacking the Cretaceous S-directed tectono-metamorphic episode whose effects are widespread in the underlying high-grade basement. The subduction of the remnant Vardar Ocean located behind the colliding arc since the middle Cretaceous was responsible for its ultimate closure, Early Tertiary collision with the Pelagonian block and extension in the region caused the extensional collapse related to the second deformational event D₂. This extensional episode was experienced passively by the Mesozoic schists located in the hanging wall of the extensional detachments in Eocene times. It resulted in NE-SW oriented open folds representing corrugation antiforms of the extensional detachment surfaces, brittle faulting and burial history beneath thick Eocene sediments as indicated by 42.1–39.7 Ma ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar mica plateau ages obtained in the study. The results provide structural constraints for the involvement components of Jurassic paleo-subduction zone in a Late Jurassic arc-continental margin collisional history that contributed to accretion-related crustal growth of the Rhodope terrane.     

Age and progression of volcanism,Wrangell volcanic field,Alaska

The Wrangell volcanic field covers more than 10 000 km² in southern Alaska and extends uninterrupted into northwest. Yukon Territory. Lavas in the field exhibit medium-K, calc-alkaline affinities, typical of continental volcanic arcs along convergent plate margins. Eleven major eruptive centers are recognized in the Alaskan part of the field. More than 90 K-Ar age determinations in the field show a northwesterly progression of eruptive activity from 26 Ma, near the Alaska-Yukon border, to about 0.2 Ma at the northwest end of the field. A few age determinations in the southeast extension of the field in Yukon Territory, Canada, range from 11 to 25 Ma. The ages indicate that the progression of volcanism in the Alaska part of the field increased from about 0.8 km/Ma, at 25 Ma, to more than 20 km/MA during the past 2 Ma. The progression of volcanic activity and its increased rate of migration with time is attributed to changes in the rate and angle of Pacific plate convergence and the progressive decoupling of the Yakutat terrane from North America. Subduction of Yakutat terrane-Pacific plate and Wrangell volcanic activity ceased about 200 000 years age when Pacific plate motion was taken up by strike-slip faulting and thrusting.     

青藏高原东北部岩石圈有效弹性厚度及其各向异性

青藏高原东北部是中国大陆构造环境特殊的主要构造域,毗邻青藏高原羌塘地块、塔里木盆地、四川盆地和华北克拉通,属于不同构造类型块体俯冲、碰撞及陆内汇聚的结合部,在中国大陆形成与演化的历史中扮演着重要角色.岩石圈有效弹性厚度(T_e)及其各向异性与岩石圈流变性、力学结构紧密相连,研究青藏高原东北部的岩石圈T_e及其各向异性将为我们认识大陆岩石圈的流变性及动力学过程提供重要信息.本文基于Fan小波相关性分析法,运用布格重力和地形资料获得了青藏高原东北部岩石圈T_e及其各向异性二维分布的详细信息.研究结果表明研究区域内T_e的分布范围在5～100 km之间;松潘-甘孜地块、祁连山造山带和龙门山地区的T_e较薄(5 kme<40 km)、各向异性较强;而周缘的断裂带、缝合带的T_e值都较低,其中龙门山断裂带T_e只有5～20 km,且南、北两段各向异性存在明显差异.内部的若尔盖盆地T_e值略显高值,说明其是仍保留有刚性的块体;北缘的柴达木盆地下伏为古生代的地壳,被认为是古老的克拉通碎片,T_e较大(50 kme<90 km),显示为轮廓分明的刚性块体.并且我们发现研究区域内T_e的各向异性轴垂直于大的块体边界.通过比较T_e各向异性与SKS波的快波偏振方向、Rayleigh面波方位角各向异性的相互关系我们推测阿拉善地块各向异性源自地幔橄榄岩晶格的优势取向,岩石圈变形趋于垂直连贯变形模式;柴达木盆地各向异性源于历史构造事件残留在岩石圈中的"化石"各向异性;松潘-甘孜地块各向异性源自物质的侧向流动.     

Age and progression of volcanism, Wrangell volcanic field, Alaska

The Wrangell volcanic field covers more than 10 000 km² in southern Alaska and extends uninterrupted into northwest. Yukon Territory. Lavas in the field exhibit medium-K, calc-alkaline affinities, typical of continental volcanic arcs along convergent plate margins. Eleven major eruptive centers are recognized in the Alaskan part of the field. More than 90 K-Ar age determinations in the field show a northwesterly progression of eruptive activity from 26 Ma, near the Alaska-Yukon border, to about 0.2 Ma at the northwest end of the field. A few age determinations in the southeast extension of the field in Yukon Territory, Canada, range from 11 to 25 Ma. The ages indicate that the progression of volcanism in the Alaska part of the field increased from about 0.8 km/Ma, at 25 Ma, to more than 20 km/MA during the past 2 Ma. The progression of volcanic activity and its increased rate of migration with time is attributed to changes in the rate and angle of Pacific plate convergence and the progressive decoupling of the Yakutat terrane from North America. Subduction of Yakutat terrane-Pacific plate and Wrangell volcanic activity ceased about 200 000 years age when Pacific plate motion was taken up by strike-slip faulting and thrusting.     

Collision of the Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta with the Burma Arc: Implications for earthquake hazard

We take a fresh look at the topography, structure and seismicity of the Ganges–Brahmaputra Delta (GBD)–Burma Arc collision zone in order to reevaluate the nature of the accretionary prism and its seismic potential. The GBD, the world's largest delta, has been built from sediments eroded from the Himalayan collision. These sediments prograded the continental margin of the Indian subcontinent by  400 km, forming a huge sediment pile that is now entering the Burma Arc subduction zone. Subduction of oceanic lithosphere with > 20 km sediment thickness is fueling the growth of an active accretionary prism exposed on land. The prism starts at an apex south of the GBD shelf edge at  18°N and widens northwards to form a broad triangle that may be up to 300 km wide at its northern limit. The front of the prism is blind, buried by the GBD sediments. Thus, the deformation front extends 100 km west of the surface fold belt beneath the Comilla Tract, which is uplifted by 3–4 m relative to the delta. This accretionary prism has the lowest surface slope of any active subduction zone. The gradient of the prism is only  0.1°, rising to  0.5° in the forearc region to the east. This low slope is consistent with the high level of overpressure found in the subsurface, and indicates a very weak detachment. Since its onset, the collision of the GBD and Burma Arc has expanded westward at  2 cm/yr, and propagated southwards at  5 cm/yr. Seismic hazard in the GBD is largely unknown. Intermediate-size earthquakes are associated with surface ruptures and fold growth in the external part of the prism. However, the possibility of large subduction ruptures has not been accounted for, and may be higher than generally believed. Although sediment-clogged systems are thought to not be able to sustain the stresses and strain-weakening behavior required for great earthquakes, some of the largest known earthquakes have occurred in heavily-sedimented subduction zones. A large earthquake in 1762 ruptured  250 km of the southern part of the GBD, suggesting large earthquakes are possible there. A large, but poorly documented earthquake in 1548 damaged population centers at the northern and southern ends of the onshore prism, and is the only known candidate for a rupture of the plate boundary along the subaerial part of the GBD–Burma Arc collision zone.     

青藏高原冈底斯带及邻区重磁三维反演及岩浆岩特征研究

岩浆岩在青藏高原的大陆动力学研究中有着重要的作用,它既是构造演化的记录,又是重要构造-岩浆-成矿带的指示.本文主要基于冈底斯带及邻区的地面重力和航磁数据,首先进行地质-地球物理先验信息约束下的重磁2.5维交互式反演,再将2.5维反演结果作为参考模型加入到三维反演计算中,得到地下三维密度和磁化率结构.结合岩浆岩密度、磁化率统计资料和岩浆岩地球化学成果,推断研究区基性岩、I型花岗岩和S型花岗岩的三维分布图,得到如下结论:S型花岗岩主要分布在冈底斯东带和冈底斯弧背断隆带以北;北冈底斯的西部无明显的岩浆活动,而在其南侧和北侧,发现大量的隐伏基性岩和零散分布的I型花岗岩;中生代I型花岗岩在南冈底斯和冈底斯弧背断隆带广泛分布,且到新生代才出现大量的S型花岗岩.上述结果为中生代班公湖—怒江洋壳和新特提斯洋壳的双向剪刀式俯冲模式的观点提供了重要佐证,并认为班公湖—怒江洋壳在北冈底斯西部约84°E—88°E的范围内先后存在向北和向南俯冲的可能,北向羌塘地体下俯冲,南向冈底斯地体下俯冲.     

青藏高原的现代构造

本文以震源机制、地震地质、地壳和上地幔速度结构等资料为基础,研究了与青藏高原成因有关的现代构造问题。主要内容有:1.高原边缘地带以反映压缩形变的逆断层活动为主,内部以一系列大致平行、呈弧形弯曲的左旋走滑断裂活动为主;2.喜马拉雅山以北的广大地域内存在着北北东走向的水平压应力,从六盘山到红河断裂带的主压应力轴走向由北东逐渐变为南东方向;3.高原地壳和上地幔顶部的地震波速度小于印度次大陆和阿拉善地块;4.高原的现代构造同地壳和上地幔顶部的横向不均匀性和印度洋板块的碰撞挤压作用有关。其构造形变过程可以同机器制造业中的《锻模加工》相比拟。     

班公—怒江构造带的电性结构特征——大地电磁探测结果

对青藏高原过班公—怒江构造带的三条大地电磁剖面进行探测,获得班公—怒江构造带及其邻区的电性结构模型,研究了班公—怒江构造带的深部结构与构造特征.研究结果表明：构造带及其两侧上地壳内广泛分布不连续高阻体,反映了岩浆岩的空间分布特征,表明构造带南北两侧岩浆的活动规律可能存在较大差别.研究区内的冈底斯及羌塘地体的中、下地壳普遍发育高导层,反映了印度大陆碰撞、俯冲过程的效应与痕迹,而高导层之下的高阻块体则可能是向北俯冲、冷的、刚性的印度大陆地壳.羌塘地体的电性结构模型可以分为南北两个区段,南羌塘块体的壳内高导层与班公—怒江构造带对印度板块俯冲的阻挡作用有关;而北羌塘块体壳内高导层与亚洲大陆对印度板块向北俯冲的“阻挡”与向南“对冲”有关.印度板块向北的俯冲与挤入,受到班公—怒江构造带及亚洲板块的阻挡,可能没有越过班公—怒江构造带,并在班公—怒江构造带附近向下插入软流圈,导致幔源物质上涌,形成壳、幔热交换与物质交换的通道和规模巨大、延伸至上地幔的高导体.班公—怒江构造带的电性结构证明了该构造带是一组产状陡立、巨型的超壳深断裂带.     

中国台湾地区-菲律宾群岛深部纵横波结构成像及其构造意义

使用地震层析成像方法反演了中国台湾地区-菲律宾群岛的1197126条P波震相和1217821条S波震相,首次同时得到了该地区从地表到100km的纵横波速度结构。成像结果揭示了沿着马尼拉海沟向东俯冲的欧亚板块从中国台湾西南部到吕宋岛南端构造形态上的变化;中国台湾中央山脉由于受到造山运动的影响,地壳厚度可达55~60km,而山脉两侧的地壳厚度多为20~35km;此外,成像结果还提供了菲律宾海板块在中国台湾东北部及琉球海沟下方北向俯冲的地球物理学证据;研究区域南部的菲律宾群岛由于同时受到两侧欧亚板块和菲律宾海板块的双向俯冲,使得岛内的岩石圈变形严重,岛弧岩浆和地震活动十分发育;群岛东侧的菲律宾海板块在东吕宋海槽的活动性较弱,很可能是本哈姆海台的碰撞和俯冲所造成的,而菲律宾海板块在菲律宾海沟的俯冲活动则十分强烈,随着深度的增加逐渐向南发展。研究表明,板块俯冲造成了中国台湾地区-菲律宾群岛的地壳及上地幔具有较强的不均一性,这不仅孕育了大量的地震和火山活动,同时也对该地区的地质构造产生了深远的影响。     

Some features of the arc-continent collision zone in the Ryukyu subduction system, Taiwan Junction area

Abstract To the northeast of Taiwan, northwestward subduction of the Philippine Sea plate is occurring beneath the Eurasian plate along the Ryukyu Trench. The Ryukyu Trench, which is well defined along the northeastern part of the Ryukyu arc, cannot be easily defined west of 123° east. This is an area where the Gagua Ridge (whose origin is controversial) enters the trench from the south. On the basis of the marine geophysical survey data the following results have been obtained. The structural elements associated with the Ryukyu subduction system deform and partially disappear west of 123° east. Among other things the Ryukyu Trench terminates close to the western slope of the Gagua Ridge. The Gagua Ridge is the result of tectonic heaping and is likely to be an uplifted sliver of oceanic crust. The interaction between the Ryukyu subduction system and the Taiwan collision zone encompasses a wide region from Taiwan to the longitude 124.5° east. The Gagua Ridge is a boundary between the active deformation zone related to the collision in Taiwan and the West Philippine Basin. It is proposed that there is a tectonic zone that can be traced from the Okinawa Trough on the north to the southern termination of the Gagua Ridge on the south.     

对黄海-东海研究区深部结构的一些新认识

综合地震层析成像与重磁数据的处理结果,选择26°N～36°N,120°E～130°E的范围作为研究区,讨论了黄、东海研究区的深部结构特点及其与周边各地质单元的相互关系,完成了研究区两条剖面的密度结构反演,认为东海陆架地区地壳厚度变化与大陆地区相比并不明显,显著减薄开始于冲绳海槽地区,中地壳消失;琉球岛弧处地壳厚度明显再度增加,特别是上地壳的厚度增加最大,推断其原因应与俯冲作用及俯冲带附近板块与地幔的运动速率之差有关.地球物理场“东西分带”是黄海—东海地区壳内结构从西向东变化的反映,但随着深度的增加,研究区的岩石层结构出现以近EW向为优势的构造格局.因此推断深部近EW向的异常是三叠纪时期南北板块碰撞、挤压所致,浅部的NE向条带异常是后期构造运动在岩石层较浅部位构造效应的反映.黄海—东海地区岩石层结构存在浅部与深部优势构造方向不协调的现象.层析成像结果证实了南黄海东缘断层的存在,还勾绘出绍兴—十万大山碰撞带为以40°左右的倾角向NW方向倾斜的高速带,另一条倾向基本相同的高速带则是南、北扬子块体结合带在深部的反映.     

Timing of the initial collision between the Indian and Asian continents

There exist three mainstream opinions regarding the timing of the initial collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents,namely,65±5,45±5,and 30±5 Ma.Five criteria are proposed for determining which tectonic event was related to the initial collision between India and Asia:the rapid decrease in the rate of plate motion,the cessation of magmatic activity originating from the subduction of oceanic crust,the end of sedimentation of oceanic facies,the occurrence of intracontinental deformation,and the exchange of sediments sourced from two continents.These criteria are used to constrain the nature of these tectonic events.It is proposed that the 65±5 Ma tectonic event is consistent with some of the criteria,but the upshot of this model is that the magmatic activity originating from the Tethyan subduction since the Mesozoic restarted along the southern margin of the Asian continent in this time after a brief calm,implying that the subduction of the Neotethys slab was still taking place.The magmatic activity that occurred along the southern margin of the Asian continent had a 7-Myr break during 72-65 Ma,which in this study is interpreted as having resulted from tectonic transformation from subduction to transform faulting,indicating that the convergence between the Indian and Asian continents was once dominated by strike-slip motion.The 30±5 Ma tectonic event resulted in the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,which was related to the late stage of the convergence between these two continents,namely,a hard collision.The 45±5 Ma tectonic event is in accordance with most of the criteria,corresponding to the initial collision between these two continents.     

A deep section of accretionary complex: Susunai Complex in Sakhalin Island, Northwest Pacific Margin

Abstract A deep section of accretionary complex, the metamorphosed Susunai Complex, is observed on Sakhalin Is., Russia. High pressure part of pumpellyite-actinolite facies metavolcanics, metacherts and metapelites are well exposed and constitute a tectonic pile preserving primary structures related to underplating of the oceanic crust. Three stages of deformation, D₁ through D₃, suggest successive deformation during subduction, underplating and exhumation of the complex. Oceanic material in the complex is more abundant than other well documented ancient accretionary complexes (e.g. the Shimanto Belt in southwest Japan and the Ghost Rocks Formation in Alaska), which were shallowly underplated. At Susunai, deep down-stepping of a décollément has scraped off the upper part of the oceanic crust, primarily the pillowed basalt horizon. This down-stepping results from crustal weakening as overpressured water is released from the fractured oceanic crust during metamorphism.     

Extensional deformation of post ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and exhumation process of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie massif, China

A detailed tectonic analysis demonstrates that the present observed regional tectonic configuration of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic terrane in the Dabie massif was mainly formed by the extension processes of the post-Indosinian continent-continent oblique collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism (UHPM). The configuration is characterized by a regional tectonic pattern similar to metamorphic core complexes and by the development of multi-layered detachment zones. On the basis of the identification of compressional and extensional fabrics, it is indicated that the exhumation and uplift of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks from the mantle depth to the surface can be divided into at least three different decompression retrogressive metamorphism and tectonic deformation stages, in which the subhorizontal crustal-scale extensional flow in the middle-lower crust under amphibolite facies conditions is an important geodynamic process in the exhumation of UHP metamorphic rocks. Moreover, the extensional flow is probably driven by delamination and magmatic underplating of thickened lithospheric mantle following the continental oblique collision.     

Crustal accretion and reworking processes of micro-continental massifs within orogenic belt: A case study of the Erguna Massif,NE China

This paper summarizes the geochronological, geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic data for Mesozoic granitoids within the Erguna Massif, NE China, and discusses the spatial-temporal variation of zircon Hf isotopic compositions, with the aim of constraining the accretion and reworking processes of continental crust within the Erguna Massif, and shedding light on the crustal evolution of the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. Based on the zircon U-Pb dating results, the Mesozoic granitic magmatisms within the Erguna Massif can be subdivided into five stages: Early-Middle Triassic(249–237 Ma), Late Triassic(229–201 Ma), Early-Middle Jurassic(199–171 Ma), Late Jurassic(155–149 Ma), and Early Cretaceous(145–125 Ma).The Triassic to Early-Middle Jurassic granitoids are mainly I-type granites and minor adakitic rocks, whereas the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous granitoids are mainly A-type granites. This change in magmatism is consistent with the southward subduction of the Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic plate and subsequent collision and crustal thickening, followed by post-collision extension. Zircon Hf isotopic data indicate that crustal accretion of the Erguna Massif occurred in the Mesoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic. ZirconεHf(t) values increase gradually over time, whereas two-stage model(TDM2) ages decrease throughout the Mesozoic. The latter result indicates a change in the source of granitic magmas from the melting of ancient crust to more juvenile crust. Zircon εHf(t)values also exhibit spatial variations, with values decreasing northwards, whereas TDM2 ages increase. This pattern suggests that,moving from south to north, there is an increasing component of ancient crustal material within the lower continental crust of the Erguna Massif. Even if at the same latitude, the zircon Hf isotopic compositions are also inconsistent. These results reveal lateral and vertical heterogeneities in the lower continental crust of the Erguna Massif during the Mesozoic, which we use as the basis of a structural and tectonic model for this region.     

新疆及其毗邻地区地震层析成像

利用新疆地震台网及其毗邻地区的国外地震台站提供的地震Ｐ波到时数据，重建了新疆及其毗邻地区地壳上地幔的三维速度图像．主要结果是：１．研究区地壳上地幔的地震波速度存在明显的横向不均匀性．这种不均匀性出现在不同构造单元之间，也出现在各构造单元之内．２．一般来说，研究区域内盆地是上地幔的隆起区，褶皱系是上地幔的坳陷区．３．岩石层厚度和软流层的深度与全球的平均结果有较大不同．４．海洋岩石层或大陆岩石层板块在兴都库什和克什米尔与中国交界地区的消减明显存在．５．地壳上地幔物质运动比较剧烈，有部分熔融物质上涌到地壳中部或更浅的深度．     

利用虚震源反射成像法研究江南造山带东段上地壳结构

江南造山带是华南地区扬子地块与华夏地块碰撞的产物,其地壳构造记录了两地块的碰撞过程,研究江南造山带的地壳构造有助于重建扬子地块与华夏地块的碰撞过程。本研究在江南造山带上布设了两条流动地震台阵,利用虚震源反射法提取其所记录的远震事件初至P波在地表的反射波（PPdp）波形,重构了研究区内两条测线下方的上地壳结构。结果显示:江绍断裂两侧上地壳沉积层的厚度变化明显,推断该断裂是扬子地块与华夏地块的东边界;相较华夏地块,江南造山带与扬子地块的层位连续性更强,符合江南造山带先与扬子地块合为整体后再与华夏地块碰撞的多期构造过程及其对应产生的亲扬子地块属性;江绍断裂西北侧的地层不整合以及赣东北断裂区域的断陷构造,可为了解古华夏洋向扬子陆块俯冲及碰撞和随后的构造运动过程提供参考依据。