研磨对文石红外光谱的影响

系统测试了研磨后溶洞文石和乌贼骨文石的FTIR光谱,首次发现文石晶体中CO3^2-基团的v2（面外弯曲振动）和v3（反对称伸缩）频率与研磨强度密切相关,随研磨强度增加,其最大频移值分别可达5.5cm^-1和11.7cm^-1,而对称伸缩振动v1和面内弯曲振动v4基本不存在频移现象.     

辽宁岫岩玉的岩相结构和无损分析研究

利用外束质子激发X荧光技术（PIXE）、X射线衍射（XRD）、激光Raman光谱（Raman）以及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等技术对辽宁岫岩玉进行岩石矿物学分析。实验结果表明岫岩玉矿相以叶蛇纹石为主,各种微量元素含量很低。岫岩玉Raman光谱的主要特征峰位于231、378、684、1048、1368和1397cm^-1处。PIXE、XRD和Raman光谱技术作为无损分析方法为鉴定岫岩玉提供了一种快速有效的方法,为研究贵重的古玉器提供了技术支持。     

水力耦合作用下的砂岩声发射特性试验研究

水压会刺激岩石裂纹的产生和加速岩石破裂,对岩石的变形破坏特征和破坏机制有重要影响。利用MTS815 Flex Test GT 岩石力学试验系统和PCI-Ⅱ声发射仪开展了砂岩在不同围压下的水-力耦合试验。结果表明：在整个岩石破裂过程中,声发射活动随加载时间、应力变化表现出不同的特征;声发射活动在岩石的峰后阶段随着水压的增大更为集中,强度也更高,而随着围压的增大其集中程度和强度都有所降低;在相同围压下,声发射累计振铃计数和累计能量随着水压的增大而增大,在相同水压下,声发射累计振铃计数和累计能量则随着围压增大而有所减少;随着水压的增大,岩石最终失稳破坏时刻的声发射三维定位图中裂纹数量增多,裂纹的集中程度也更高,在宏观破坏形态上表现出破坏角减小。这些成果揭示了水-力耦合作用下岩石的破坏机制由压制剪切向压制张裂变化,岩石破裂的脆性破坏特征增强。     

高架轨道交通引起的地表振动参数化分析

基于Abaqus软件64CPU并行计算集群平台,建立了车辆-轨道-高架桥-基础-地基耦合的三维有限元分析模型。得到了不同工况下列车运行时引起的地表振动特征,对地表振动振级随着与桥墩距离增大而衰减的规律进行了参数化分析,结果表明,随着列车车速的增大,地表振动振级明显增大;与空载时相比,列车乘客满载时仅靠近桥墩处的地表振级略微增大,对远处几乎无影响;列车车厢数量对地表振动振级的影响不明显;列车双线运行时引起的地表振动振级比单线运行时有明显的增大。扣件刚度的增大会略微减小地表振动振级。随着桩长的增加,地表振动振级有较大幅度的减小;增加桥墩的跨度能减小地表振动振级,但增加到一定值时再增加也不会有明显的减振效果;桥墩高度对地表振动振级无明显影响。随着场地土层剪切波速的增加,地表振动振级呈逐渐减小的趋势。     

高频振动下散粒体-结构界面临界状态强度特征试验研究

高铁桥梁、路基工程中的桩基础持续承受列车运行引发的振动荷载,当前350 km/h车速下的车致振动已高达近40 Hz。随着车速的进一步提升,可能给桩基础承载性能带来不利影响。桩-土界面是桩和地基土之间力和变形传递的重要媒介,很大程度上决定着桩基础的长期服役性能。但目前对于高频振动荷载下桩-土界面相互作用行为的认识和研究均不足。基于自主研制的可实现土-结构界面高频振动耦合静力剪切的试验装置,研究了散粒体-结构界面在振动下的临界状态强度特征,探讨了振动加速度、法向应力、结构面粗糙度、颗粒形状和振动频率的影响。结果表明：振动会导致界面强度衰减,部分振动条件下的界面强度甚至低于静力条件下的0.5倍;振动下的界面强度随振动加速度、频率的增大而下降,随法向应力的增大而提高。最后,基于摩尔-库仑强度理论,建立了振动下的散粒体-结构界面强度准则。     

高温高压下NaCl-H2O体系的Raman光谱分析: 一种新的流体包裹体盐度测定方法

利用水热金刚石压腔研究了高温高压下0.0%、5.0%、10.0%和20.0%的NaCl-H2O体系的Raman光谱,研究结果发现:对于盐度一定的NaCl-H2O体系,当压力不变时,水的Raman伸缩谱峰的波数变化量△v(O-H)随温度的升高而不断增加;当压力不同时,△v(O-H)随温度的变化关系(偏移斜率S)不受压力的影响,而只与盐度相关.利用该性质可以用来确定流体包裹体的盐度(W),其计算公式如下:W=123.25S2-128.11S+32.40,误差为0.46%.     

黄土动抗剪强度区域特征研究

基于摩尔-库伦破坏准则,以室内动三轴试验为手段,研究了西宁、兰州、西吉、西安等地原状黄土的动强度特性,分析了振动次数及天然条件下各地区原状黄土初始孔隙比、天然含水率、塑性指数与动抗剪强度的区域性特征.研究表明:含水率相同条件下,随着固结应力的增大,黄土的动抗剪强度也逐渐增大,这种增加趋势成非正比关系;随着振动次数的累积作用,研究区自西北向东南部,黄土的粘聚力呈降低趋势,内摩擦角变化趋势较离散;天然状态下:黄土的初始孔隙比自西北向东南大致呈增大趋势,其动粘聚力也呈逐渐增强的趋势,内摩擦角呈减小的趋势;含水率自西北向东南大致呈增大趋势,随着含水率的增长黄土的动粘聚力逐渐增强,内摩擦角大致呈减小的趋势;随着原状黄土粘粒含量基本呈自西北向东南增大趋势,动粘聚力也逐渐增大,内摩擦角呈减小的趋势,但幅值减小不具有相似性.     

盐水溶液中常见阴离子团的激光拉曼光谱定量分析研究

应用RenishawinVia激光拉曼光谱仪分析研究了人工配制的钠盐溶液中CO3 2-、SO4 2-、HSO4-、HCO3-和NO3-等阴离子团及水包络峰的拉曼谱图特征,建立了拉曼光谱参数（强度面积积分）与溶液中阴离子团浓度的定量关系,提出了利用拉曼谱峰强度面积分法定量分析流体包裹体中CO3 2-、SO4 2-、HSO4-、HCO3-和NO3-等常见阴离子团浓度的方法。对HSO。一和HCO。一这样易电离的酸式阴离子团采用了净目标酸式阴离子团浓度拟合工作曲线。讨论了强度面积积分法定量分析的优越性和激光拉曼探针定量分析Cl-的难点及前景。     

岩石声学的研究初获成果

有这样的事实:岩石矿物受热时,发生分解反应、释放包裹物及出现相的转换等现象,同时,要发出特征性声音,人们称这类自然现象为“热声效应”。不同的岩石、矿物受同一温度热辐射,产生的声音强度、频率谱是不同的;还有用不同波长的单色光照射岩石、矿物,不同的化学元素能吸收不同波长的能量而发生声响,称为“光声效应”,通过“光声效应”     

轴力作用下液化土中端承桩的水平振动特性

将地震液化场地土层分为非液化表层土、中部的液化土层和底部的基层,基于饱和多孔介质理论和Novak薄层法,研究轴向压力作用下液化黏弹性土层中端承桩的水平动力特性。利用Helmholtz分解和变量分离法,得到液化土层对桩水平振动的阻抗。利用矩阵传递法,在频率域得到轴力作用下液化土层中端承桩简谐振动的解析解和桩头复刚度的表达式,并进行参数研究,分析轴力、桩-土模量比、桩长径比、液-固耦合系数等对桩头动力刚度和阻尼的影响。结果表明,在轴力作用下,不同长径比、桩-土模量比、液-固耦合系数时的动力刚度绝对值均比无轴力作用时减小,但随频率的变化趋势相同;轴力对桩水平振动的动力阻抗影响显著,随着轴力的增加,桩的水平振动动力刚度因子的绝对值减小,若轴力继续增大,其绝对值趋近于0,桩发生失稳破坏;桩长径比和桩土模量比对桩的水平振动动力阻抗有显著的影响,而液-固耦合系数的影响较小。     

颗粒粒径对微生物固化砂土强度影响的试验研究

微生物固化技术（MICP）是岩土工程领域新兴起的一种不良地基处理技术,不同地基土体之间的颗粒粒径并不相同,其固化效果也可能存在一定差别。选用3种不同颗粒粒径范围的砂土进行微生物固化处理,并基于无侧限抗压强度试验、孔隙体积测量和洗酸处理,从宏观角度分析颗粒粒径对微生物固化效果的影响。结合扫描电镜测试,从细观角度对微生物固化机制进行了初探。研究结果表明,微生物固化砂土中碳酸钙晶体以颗粒簇形式堆积在砂土颗粒表面及颗粒间接触处,其尺寸随碳酸钙晶体堆叠程度的增加而增大;对于颗粒粒径较小的砂土,颗粒间孔隙较易被碳酸钙晶体填充密实,固化试样内有效碳酸钙晶体比例较大,“结构性”较强,无侧限抗压强度较高。     

Synthesis,characterization of CdS/rectorite nanocomposites and its photocatalytic activity

CdS/rectorite nanocomposite was synthesized via a cation-exchange reaction followed by a sulfurization process. The obtained samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), and thermal analysis. The measured results indicate that CdS species in the composites exist in the form of pillars and nanoparticles, the crystallized CdS particles are in the hexagonal symmetry. The photocatalytic activities of the pillared nanocomposite were enhanced significantly comparing with the bare rectorite and the pure CdS. Moreover, the photostabilities of the obtained nanocomposites are also better than that of the pure CdS due to the hosts retard the photocorrosion of the CdS.     

A random virtual crack DEM model for creep behavior of rockfill based on the subcritical crack propagation theory

The post-construction settlement of rockfill dams and high filled ground of airport, which is a phenomenon of much significance, is mainly caused by the time-dependent breakage of the rockfill material. In this paper, a random virtual crack DEM model is proposed for creep behavior of rockfill in PFC2D according to the theory of subcritical crack propagation induced by stress corrosion mechanisms. The bonded clusters are adopted to represent the rockfill particles so as to simulate their irregular shapes. Virtual cracks are set at the bonds of the clusters, and the length of the crack is considered as a random value, which leads the crushing strength of a single particle to follow the Weibull’s statistical model and the corresponding size rules. Oedometric creep tests for rockfill are simulated by using this proposed model. The results show that the model, validated preliminarily by some test data, can reflect qualitatively the creep mechanism as well as the size effects reasonably. Particles can develop various breakage patterns during creep, including global breakage, local breakage and even complex mixed breakage. The increase in stress levels and particle size will lead to an obvious growth of the creep strain and creep rate of the rockfill. The scale effects on the creep behavior of rockfill are analyzed through 35 specimens, and formulas including the effects of scales and stress levels are tentatively proposed.     

Electronic and magnetic structure of pyroxenes I. Hedenbergite

The electronic and magnetic structure of the chain silicate hedenbergite (CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆) has been investigated by a number of experimental methods (neutron diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, low temperature magnetic measurements), as well as by electronic structure calculations for clusters of different size in the local spin density approximation. The calculated size-converged spectroscopic data (d-d excitation energies, hyperfine parameters) are in quantitative agreement with the respective experimental values. The calculated magnetic coupling constants are about +25 cm^?1 and ?4 cm^?1 for intra-chain and inter-chain coupling, respectively. The latter value shows that weak superexchange via edges of silicon tetrahedra is well reproduced by the calculations, and it is in qualitative agreement with an observed metamagnetic transition at 4.2 K in an external magnetic field with an onset around 4 T but saturation is not achieved in fields up to 14.5 T. The large ferromagnetic intra-chain coupling is attributed to a nearly degenerate ground state. The ratio between the two magnetic coupling constants agrees with earlier estimates on similar compounds. Finally, it is demonstrated how the detailed discussion of the various exchange pathways contributes to an improved understanding of the connection between magnetic properties and the geometrical structure.     

西太平洋晚第三纪钙质超微化石及其化石带的划分

本文研究了菲律宾海东、北部“大洋钻探工程”125航次782A相786A二个钻孔晚第三纪的钙质超微化石。根据Okada和Bukry分带。本区自下而上划分为13个带(或亚带)。讨论了渐新世和中新世、中新世和上新世及第三纪和第四纪的界线。本区存在3个沉积间断:晚渐新世与中中新世之间:中中新世与晚中新世之间以及晚中新世与早上新世之间。修正了Cyclicargolithus abiseclus的时限分布,提出了 Cycliargolithus floridanus floridanus和cychcargoluhas flondanus abisectus是Cyclicargolithus floridanus的2个生态亚种。     

改性粘土增强硅橡胶性能的研究

改性粘土增强硅橡胶性能的研究魏从容吴季怀沈振（华侨大学材料物理化学研究所,泉州３６２０１１）关键词粘土矿物质表面改性硅橡胶增强剂粘土矿物作硅橡胶增强剂是粘土综合开发利用的新课题,我们在这方面取得一定的成果［１］。但是,未经改性处理的粘土其增强能力是有...     

Middle Campanian–lowermost Maastrichtian nannofossil and foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the northwestern Australian margin

The middle–late Campanian was marked by an increase in the bioprovinciality of calcareous microfossil assemblages into distinct Tethyan, Transitional, and Austral Provinces that persisted to the end of the Maastrichtian. The northwestern Australian margin belonged to the Transitional Province and the absence of key Tethyan marker species such as Radotruncana calcarata and Gansserina gansseri has led petroleum companies operating in the area to use the locally developed KCCM integrated calcareous microfossil zonation scheme. The KCCM zonation is a composite scheme comprising calcareous nannofossil (KCN), planktonic foraminiferal (KPF) and benthonic foraminiferal (KBF) zones. This paper presents the definitions and revisions of Zones KCCM8–19, from the highest occurrence (HO) of Aspidolithus parcus constrictus to the lowest occurrence (LO) of Ceratolithoides aculeus, and builds on our previous early–late Maastrichtian study. The presence of a middle–upper Campanian disconformity is confirmed by microfossil evidence from the Vulcan Sub-basin, Exmouth and Wombat plateaus, and the Southern Carnarvon Platform. In the Vulcan Sub-basin and on the Exmouth Plateau (ODP Hole 762C) the hiatus extends from slightly above the LO of common Rugoglobigerina rugosa to above the LO of Quadrum gothicum. On the Wombat Plateau (ODP Hole 761B) it spans from above the LO of Heterohelix semicostata to above the LO of Quadrum gothicum; and in the Southern Carnarvon Platform the disconformity has its longest duration from above the HO of Heterohelix semicostata to above the LO of Quadrum sissinghii. A significant revision of the events which define Zones KCCM18 and 19 was necessary owing to the observation that the LO of Ceratolithoides aculeus occurs below the HOs of Archaeoglobigerina cretacea and Stensioeina granulata incondita and the LO of common Rugoglobigerina rugosa. In the original zonation these events were considered to be coincident.     

微晶白云母活性填料的铝酸酯表面改性研究

以微晶白云母为研究对象,铝酸酯DL-411-D为改性剂,研究探讨微晶白云母铝酸酯表面改性工艺务件及其表征方法。经粘度和红外光谱研究证实粘度测试法是确定铝酸酯改性微晶白云母偶联剂用量的有效方法;铝酸酯偶联剂改性微晶白云母工艺简单,偶联剂用量低,不需使用稀释剂,成本低,效果好;改性后的微晶白云母在有机介质中的分散性得到显著提高,因而可大幅度提高其在高聚物中的填充量,降低复合材料的成本。实验结果还表明,铝酸酯改性微晶白云母后,没有发现化学结合的新证据,而更多地显示出物理包覆的特征。     

GIS,经验找矿与求异找矿结合的工具——化探异常找矿效果经验分析

经验找矿与求异找矿是进入下一世纪的两种重要找矿方法。从经验找矿角度出发,应用ＧＩＳ研究了化探异常与相关矿床的耦合度和出现率,不同元素异常和同一元素不同等级找矿有利度以及两种不同元素组合异常的找矿有利度,研究结果表明,上述两种方法的结合可以极在夺提高预测找矿效果。     

Coniacian-Santonian Planktic Stratigraphy in central Tunisia

In this study, we describe a new stratigraphy of three exposed sections in central Tunisia, integrating Coniacian and Santonian planktic foraminifera and calcareous nannoplankton, supported by ammonite and inoceramid bioevents. In the three sections, the Coniacian/Santonian (C/S) boundary lies slightly above the lowest occurrence (LO) of the calcareous nannofossil Lucianorhabdus cayeuxii, which marks nannofossil Zone CC16 and matches well with the LO of the planktic foraminifera Dicarinella asymetrica. It also lies ∼4–7 m below the LO of the inoceramid Platyceramus cycloides and the ammonite Texanites (Texanites) sp. Comparing these marker C/S bioevents with the global stratotype section, the Olazagutia section (Spain) shows that the stratigraphic range of the bioevents are variable. This observation must be taken into consideration when making regional chronostratigraphic correlations.