硝酸镧为基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定煤样中的铍

应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GFAAS)测定煤、地球化学样品、土壤、空气等不同基质中的铍,关键是基体改进剂的选择问题。本文采用一体化平台石墨管,通过缓慢升温燃烧灰化煤炭样品,在硝酸介质中,比较了7种基体改进剂(硝酸镧、硝酸镁、硝酸铝、磷酸氢二铵、氯化钯、碳酸钙、酒石酸)对煤样中铍的增敏效果,同时探讨了基体干扰及消除的问题。实验结果表明,在2%的硝酸介质中,以硝酸镧为基体改进剂,石墨炉灰化温度提高到1100℃,原子化温度仅为2300℃时,即可消除基体中铝、铁、钙、镁、磷等共存元素的干扰。铍的浓度在0~8μg/L范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.008μg/g,定量限为0.025μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=11)为1.8%~2.8%,标准样品的测定值在给定值的误差范围内。其作用机理是镧与干扰元素结合生成了热稳定的难熔、难蒸发、难解离的化合物,将铍释放出来,镧起到既提高灰化温度,又相对降低原子化温度的双重作用,消除了基体干扰的同时,又延长了石墨管使用寿命。本方法操作简单,无需对石墨管预处理,降低了检测成本,具有很强的稳定性和适应性,适用于煤中铍的测定。     

涂层平台技术用于石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定矿石中痕量金

关于改善石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析特性已有不少报导,其中以平台原子化技术和以难熔碳化物形式涂覆于石墨管表面的涂层技术具有成本低、简便易行的特点。本文则以氯氧酰锆涂覆处理平台(即涂层平台技术),不但解决了石墨管性能差异所引起的灵敏度差别,同时提高了灵敏度、稳定性,延长了石墨管使用寿命。本法用于矿石中痕量金的测定,灵敏度(特征浓度)为0.0004微克/毫升(1％吸收)变导系数小于10％。适用于地质样品中0.001～0.1克/吨金的测定。     

泡沫塑料吸附富集—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定勘查地球化学样品中超痕量金

介绍了在Fe^3 存在下于ψ为5％－10％王水中用泡沫塑料吸附Au,12g/L硫脲溶液解脱，以抗坏血酸作为基体改进剂，采用最大功率升温和长寿命石墨管技术进行勘查地球化学样品中超痕量金的石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定方法。方法检出限为0.04ng/g。精密度（RSD，n=12)为8.44%-11.5%，经国家一级标准物质分析验证，结果与标准值符合。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定铝矾土中的硅

通过对照硅在热解石墨管、涂钼及涂钨石墨管中的原子化行为,选用涂钼石墨管和Ｌａ做基体改进剂,石墨炉原子吸收法测定铝矾土中的硅。经铝矾土管理样分析验证,方法可靠。实际样品分析结果与重量法和钼蓝法相符,对质量分数ｗ（ＳｉＯ２）在４％水平的铝矾土进行分析（ｎ＝５）,其ＲＳＤ在１２％～１７％。     

新技术应用——直接固体进样石墨炉分析

样品的消解问题在原子吸收光谱技术中普遍存在,从环境学研究、食品检查、材料分析到过程分析和医学应用,样品消解都是分析的最大可能误差来源,试剂污染、交叉干扰、原始样品的改变,所有这些问题都是分析工作者多年来一直努力探求解决的课题。直接固体进样石墨炉分析技术正是其中一种简单的解决方案。直接固体进样石墨炉分析的优点是:①直接分析原始样品;②无需样品消解和溶剂稀释;③降低污染的可能性;④高灵敏度,ｐｇ或ｆｇ级的检出水平,只有昂贵的ＩＣＰ ＭＳ才能得到同样的检出限;⑤较少的样品量,10μｇ～50ｍｇ即可。随着商品仪器     

涂钼石墨管石墨炉原子吸收法测定地质样品中微量镓,铟和铊

研究了用钼铵浸渍处理石墨管、石墨炉原子吸收法测定镓、铟和铊的最佳条件。实验证明，采用硝酸－氢氟酸－硫酸体系溶解样品，涂钼石墨直接测定样品中的镓、铟和铊，能有效地避免它们在原子化之前以氧化物形式挥发的损失。减少了测定干扰，提高测定的灵敏度。     

无火焰原子吸收法测定化探样品中的金

样品经灼烧后用王水分解,制成15%的王水溶液,经动态泡沫吸附柱装置分离沉淀、富集金,用1%硫脲洗脱,以抗坏血酸为基体改进剂,石墨炉原子吸收法测定其中的金,本法线性范围宽(0—100ng/mL),检出限低(0.16×10-9)准确度(RE<12%)和精密度(RSD<25%)良好,适合批量化探样品中金的测定。     

碳酸钠碱熔-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定石墨中的常量元素硅铝钙镁铁钛锰磷

石墨化学性质稳定,需采用高温碱熔(1000℃)才可使样品分解完全,已有分析方法在样品前处理不同的阶段使用不同材质的坩埚。基于石墨性质和坩埚熔样情况,本文采用预先已均匀铺垫0.50 g碳酸钾的高熔点铂坩埚灼烧石墨样品,样品灼烧后直接在原坩埚中加入0.80 g碳酸钠碱熔,熔融物用稀盐酸提取后用电感耦合等离子光谱法(ICP-OES)实现了石墨中8种常量元素(硅铝钙镁铁钛锰磷)的同时测定。方法检出限为13~228μg/g,方法精密度(RSD,n=12)为0.7%~7.2%;全流程加标回收率为90.5%~105.0%;实际土状和鳞片石墨样品的测定结果与化学分析法无显著差异。本方法避免了铂坩埚的损毁和样品在前处理过程中的损失,分析过程简单、分析速度快。     

泡塑富集-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量金

介绍在Fe3 存在下,用泡沫塑料分离富集,以抗坏血酸和硝酸铵为基体改进剂,采用斜坡升温和长寿命石墨管技术进行化探样品中痕量金的石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定方法。该方法已应用于化探样品中金的分析工作中,取得了令人满意的结果。     

涂钼石墨管石墨炉原子吸收法测定地质样品中微量镓、铟和铊

研究了用钼酸铵浸渍处理石墨管、石墨炉原子吸比法测定镓、铟和铊的最挂条件。实验证明，采用硝酸—氢氟酸—硫酸体系溶解样品，涂钼石墨管直接测定样品中的镓、铟和铊，能有效地避免它们在原子化之前以氧化物形式挥发的损失，减少了测定干扰，提高测定的灵敏度。对６个地质标样的测定结果是满意的。木法对镓、铟和铊的检测下限分别为０．９×１０￣（－１１）ｇ，１．７×１０￣（－１１）ｇ和６．２×１０￣（－１１）ｇ；相对标准偏差分别为１．４％、４．８％和３．０％。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861