主动变刚度-阻尼系统预测最优控制的理论与试验研究

介绍了一种具有自主知识产权的新型开关控制型半主动控制系统——主动变刚度.阻尼(AVS.D)系统的减振控制机理,建立了AVS.D结构振动控制体系的运动方程。为了合理补偿AVS.D系统实时控制过程中不可避免地存在着的控制时滞,本文提出一种预测最优控制算法,推导了其开关控制律。为了检验AVS.D系统的减震控制效果及预测最优控制算法的有效性,我们设计研制出AVS.D装置,编制了AVS.D系统预测最优控制的实时控制软件,在某单层钢框架模型上进行了AVS.D系统的模拟地震振动台试验,比较了不同控制方式时的减震效果。研究结果表明,本文所提出的预测最优控制算法是非常有效的,可推广应用于所有开关控制型半主动控制系统。AVS.D系统具有反应放大功能,经济可靠、安全有效,可望有较好的工程应用前景。     

铅芯橡胶阻尼 HEDC与AVS—D中的应用

研制开发了铅芯橡胶阻尼器,对其进行了５０％和１００％的剪应变加载拟静力试验。这一了经器可有和于高效被动阻尼（ＨＥＤＣ）与主动变刚度,阻尼（ＡＶＳ－Ｄ）控制装置中应 地震模拟振动台试验表明,该阻尼器尽管构造简单,却是一种具有较高可靠性和较好控制效果的阻尼阻。     

新型主动变刚度阻尼器的滑动模态控制及仿真分析

设计出一种新型主动变刚度阻尼装置,该装置可向受控结构提供两种等效刚度,使受控结构能主动地避开地震动卓越频率而永远处于非共振的状态。基于变结构控制理论的滑动模态控制算法,推导了该新型阻尼器的两种开关控制律。仿真分析结果表明,这种新型主动变刚度阻尼器的减震效果是非常明显的,可取得明显优于被动控制的减震效果。两种控制律中,连续型滑动模态控制律可以更充分地发挥该新型阻尼器的性能,取得更好的控制效果。     

主动变刚度阻尼多振型半主动控制研究

探讨了开关型半主动控制算法的研究现状,基于单步状态预测控制律,提出了针对高层建筑多自由度结构体系AVS/D(主动变刚度阻尼)多振型开关控制律。通过算例仿真分析与其它开关控制律作了比较,结果表明这种开关控制律是可行的、有效的。特别是在多自由度结构体系振动过程中有多个振型同时在受控结构的反应中起主要作用时,本文提出的开关控制律比其它振型开关控制律有更好的控制效果。     

HEDC控制体系的参数优化设计

介绍了高效被动阻尼控制装置（ＨＥＤＣ）的工作原理,利用Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ原理,建立了ＨＥＤＣ控制体系地运动方程。通过仿真计算,分析和研究了ＨＥＤＣ参数对控制效果的影响规律,得到了一些有意义的结论。参数优化结果表明,通过合理设计参数,ＨＥＤＣ可以充分发挥阻尼器的工作潜力,取得十分显著的控制效果。     

相邻结构的高效阻尼控制

提出了相邻结构高效阻尼控制的概念,并基于双液缸的放大原理提出了一处相应的装置,该装置通过放大相邻结构间的振动差别,使阻尼器具有更大的变形和速度,从而更高效地工作,文章阐明了该装置的工作原理,建立了两相邻结构高效阻尼控制体系的运动方程,并对此进行了计算机仿真分析,结果表明,高效阻尼控制的概念是正常的,本文提出的控制装置是有效的,可取得远优于普通阻尼控制的效果。     

变阻尼半主动结构控制振动台试验

在一个１：４的五层模型刚架结构上进行了变阻尼半主动结构控制振动台试验．在结构的底层安装了一个溢流阀式变阻尼控制器,输入几种不同的地震动并采用几种不同的控制算法对结构进行了变阻尼半主动控制。振动台试验结果表明,受阻尼半主动结构控制仅需要很少的电能,就可以达到较好的控制效果,是一种很有应用前景的结构振动控制方案。结合溢流阀式变阻尼控制器的特点,分析了一些因素对控制效果的影响．     

S型钢阻尼装置设计与阻尼性能研究

为了避免由于地震方向不确定性而给建筑结构带来的灾害,本文利用钢材塑性变形耗能的特性设计出了一种能够吸收多方向地震力的S型钢阻尼装置,该装置不仅具有较高的初始刚度,还具有较强塑性形变的能力和耗能能力。采用试验和数值仿真相结合的研究方法,研究了S型钢阻尼装置在建筑结构两主轴方向上的阻尼特性,并对比了两种方法得到的结果。结果表明:该装置受力均匀,没有明显应力集中;横纵向具有一致的耗能效果;仿真计算的初始刚度、屈服刚度与试验结果较接近;塑性变形区域、屈服力的计算结果与试验结果基本一致;滞回曲线稳定而饱满,多次循环加载未出现强度和刚度的退化现象。该装置具有良好的多向耗能特性,可应用于双T板结构工业厂房或其它建筑结构,以增强其抗震性能。     

地震作用下大跨度连续梁桥半主动变阻尼控制研究

利用半主动变阻尼控制装置开展连续梁桥结构在纵向地震波作用下的振动控制研究,通过建立桥梁结构-半主动变阻尼系统力学模型和运动微分方程,进行不同地震波激励下,连续梁桥关键部位在无控?半主动变阻尼控制和主动控制下的响应值分析计算,其中最优控制力采用LQR算法确定,半主动变阻尼控制采用限界Hrovat最优控制算法。计算结果表明:半主动变阻尼控制与主动控制的控制效果接近,两者均起到了良好的减震作用,而其中半主动变阻尼控制所需能量少?设施经济可靠,是一种良好的结构减震控制方法。     

拉索端部弹性约束振动控制研究(Ⅱ)——试验验证

在索端沿轴向设置弹性约束,对拉索振动轴向被动控制进行了试验研究。研究了支座移动对拉索振动频率的影响;验证了弹性约束对拉索振动的减振效果,讨论了阻尼系数和弹簧刚度对减振效果的影响;最后验证文献[10]中理论研究的正确性。     

AVS/D半主动振动控制结构的抗震设计方法探讨

本文介绍了AVS／D半主动控制系统的工作原理,参照现行抗震设计规范的设计思想,提出了AVS／D半主动控振结构的抗震设计方法,并针对具体结构控制系统的工作性能,探讨了结构设计中关键参数：主体结构的地震力折减系数和薄弱层层间位移相对控制率的确定方法,最后通过实例分析验证了该方法的可行性。     

Theoretical and experimental research on a new system of semi-active structural control with variable stiffness and damping

In this paper, a new system of semi active structural control with active variable stiffness and damping (AVSD) is suggested. This new system amplifies the structural displacement to dissipate more energy, and in turn, effectively reduces the structural response in the case of relatively small story drifts, which occur during earthquakes. A predictive instantaneous optimal control algorithm is established for a SDOF structure equipped with an AVSD system Comparative shaking table tests of a 1/4 scale single story structural model with a full scale control device have been conducted. From the experimental and analytical results, it is shown that when compared to structures without control or with the active variable stiffness control alone, the suggested system exhibits higher efficiency in controlling the structural response, requires less energy input, operates with higher reliability, and can be manufactured at a lower cost and used in a wider range of engineering applications.     

Seismic structural control using semi-active tuned mass dampers

This paper focuses on how to determine the instantaneous damping of the semi-active tuned mass damper (SATMD) with continuously variable damping. An off-and-towards-equilibrium (OTE) algorithm is employed to examine the control performance of the structure/SATMD system by considering the damping as an assumptive control action. The damping modification of the SATMD is carried out according to the proposed OTE algorithm, which is formulated based on analysis of the structural movement under external excitations, and the measured responses of the structure at every time instant. As examples two numerical simulations of a five-storey and a ten-storey shear structures with a SATMD on the roof are conducted. The effectiveness on vibration reduction of MDOF systems subjected to seismic excitations is discussed. Analysis results show that the behavior of the structure with a SATMD is significantly improved and the feasibility of applying the OTE algorithm to the structural control design of SATMD is also verified.     

Adaptive base-isolation of civil structures using variable amplification

Semi-active dampers are used in base-isolation to reduce the seismic response of civil engineering structures. In the present study, a new semi-active damping system using variable amplification will be investigated for adaptive baseisolation. It uses a novel variable amplification device （VAD） connected in series with a passive damper. The VAD is capable of producing multiple amplification factors, each corresponding to a different amplification state. Forces from the damper are amplified to the structure according to the current amplification state, which is selected via a semi-active control algorithm specifically tailored to the system＇s tmique damping characteristics. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the VAD-damper system for adaptive base-isolation, numerical simulations are conducted for three and seven-story base-isolated buildings subject to both far and near-field ground motions. The results indicate that the system can achieve significant reductions in response compared to the base-isolated buildings with no damper. The proposed system is also found to perform well compared to a typical semi-active damper.     

多结构联系体系的高效阻尼控制及其仿真分析

本文提出了一种用于多结构体系的,具有位移放大功能的高效被动阻尼控制装置,分析了该装置的工作原理,建立了基于这种装置的多结构被阻尼控制体系的运动方程,并对该装置的控制效果进行了仿真计算和分析,结果表明,该控制装置能充分利用体系中各了结构之间的相互作用,可以取得十分明显的减震控制效果。     

Seismic control of smart base isolated buildings with new semiactive variable damper

A new semiactive independently variable damper, SAIVD, is developed and shown to be effective in achieving response reductions in smart base isolated buildings in near fault earthquakes. The semiactive device consists of four linear visco‐elastic elements, commonly known as Kelvin–Voigt elements, arranged in a rhombus configuration. The magnitude of force in the semiactive device can be adjusted smoothly in real‐time by varying the angle of the visco‐elastic elements of the device or the aspect ratio of the rhombus configuration. Such a device is essentially linear, simple to construct, and does not present the difficulties commonly associated with modelling and analysing nonlinear devices (e.g. friction devices). The smooth semiactive force variation eliminates the disadvantages associated with rapid switching devices. Experimental results are presented to verify the proposed analytical model of the device. A H_∞ control algorithm is implemented in order to reduce the response of base isolated buildings with variable damping semiactive control systems in near fault earthquakes. The central idea of the control algorithm is to design a H_∞ controller for the structural system that serves as an aid in the determination of the optimum control force in the semiactive device. The relative performance of the SAIVD device is compared to a variable friction device, recently developed by the authors in a separate study, and several key aspects of performance are discussed regarding the use of the two devices for reducing the responses of smart base isolated buildings in near fault earthquakes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型混合控制技术的振动台模型试验研究

本文提出了基底隔震和上部结构变刚度／阻尼半主动控制结合的一种新型混合控制型式,并且通过小型电磁振动台模型试验来研究其控制效能,为其今后更进一步理论和实验研究奠定基础。     

Experimental and analytical studies on multiple tuned mass dampers for seismic protection of porcelain electrical equipment

Porcelain electrical equipment (PEE), such as current transformers, is critical to power supply systems, but its seismic performance during past earthquakes has not been satisfactory. This paper studies the seismic performance of two typical types of PEE and proposes a damping method for PEE based on multiple tuned mass dampers (MTMD). An MTMD damping device involving three mass units, named a triple tuned mass damper (TTMD), is designed and manufactured. Through shake table tests and finite element analysis, the dynamic characteristics of the PEE are studied and the effectiveness of the MTMD damping method is verified. The adverse influence of MTMD redundant mass to damping efficiency is studied and relevant equations are derived. MTMD robustness is verified through adjusting TTMD control frequencies. The damping effectiveness of TTMD, when the peak ground acceleration far exceeds the design value, is studied. Both shake table tests and finite element analysis indicate that MTMD is effective and robust in attenuating PEE seismic responses. TTMD remains effective when the PGA far exceeds the design value and when control deviations are considered.     

某大型复杂结构地震响应与控制研究

针对某大型复杂结构的地震响应及控制策略进行了研究。首先,建立该结构的整体有限元模型,采用Ritz向量法对结构进行模态分析,研究该复杂结构的振动特性,基于位能加权平均法求解了该复杂结构等效阻尼比;随后,研究了不同布置型式下粘滞消能支撑的受力特点和计算模型;最后.对该结构进行减振设计,分析了不同消能支撑布置形式下的减振效果。结果表明,采用消能减震装置能有效降低复杂结构的地震响应,且并不改变结构体型;同等减震效果前提下,采用人字形支撑比采用斜撑更为经济。本文工作可供类似的大型复杂结构减震设计参考和借鉴。