西南三江地区洋板块地层特征及构造演化

以大地构造研究为主导,初步梳理了三江地区洋板块地层系统的分布及其构造演化规律。本文阐述了三江地区经历原-古特提斯大洋连续演化、分阶段拼贴增生至最终俯冲消亡的地质演化历程。甘孜-理塘弧后洋盆于早石炭世打开,二叠纪—中三叠世进入顶峰扩张期,晚三叠世洋盆萎缩引起向西俯冲,最终在晚三叠世末局部地区保留残留海。哀牢山弧后洋盆不晚于早石炭世形成,早石炭世—早二叠世整体扩张发育,早二叠世末或晚二叠世初开始向西俯冲,晚三叠世最终完全关闭。金沙江洋盆早石炭世时已扩张成洋,到早二叠世晚期开始俯冲,石炭纪—早二叠世早期是金沙江洋盆扩张的主体时期,早二叠世晚期至早、中三叠世俯冲消亡。澜沧江弧后洋盆中晚泥盆世开始扩张,在石炭纪—早二叠世发育为成熟洋盆,早二叠世晚期洋内俯冲形成洋内弧,晚二叠世—早、中三叠世双向俯冲消亡。昌宁-孟连洋为特提斯洋主带,具有原-古特提斯洋连续演化的地质记录,晚奥陶世开始向东俯冲消减,二叠纪末、早三叠世发生弧-陆碰撞作用,昌宁-孟连洋盆闭合。     

全球石炭纪-二叠纪植物群的演化和分布特征

在全球范围内，石炭纪和二叠纪植物群可以划分为五个植物群，即早石炭世（杜内期、维宪期和纳缪尔Ａ期）的全球性拟鳞木植物群（Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｐｓｉｓｆｌｏｒａ）和晚石炭世（纳缪尔Ｂ—Ｃ期、威斯发期和斯蒂芬期）至二叠纪的华夏植物群、欧美植物群、安加拉植物群和冈瓦纳植物群。早石炭世拟鳞木植物群广泛分布于世界许多地区，具有全球一致性，以Ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｐｓｉｓ，Ｓｕｂ ｌｅｐｉｄｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎ，Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｓｉｇｉｌａｒｉａ，Ａｒｃｈａｅｏｃａｌａｍｉｔｅｓ，Ｃａｒｄｉｏｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍ，Ｒｈｏｄｅｏｐｔｅｒｉｄｉｕｍ，Ｒｈａ ｃｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ，Ａｄｉａｎｔｉｔｅｓ，Ｔｒｉｐｈｙｌｏｐｔｅｒｉｓ等为特征。拟鳞木植物群逐渐从泥盆纪植物群分离出来，繁盛于早石炭世早期，绝灭于早石炭世末期。在早石炭世和晚石炭世的转换期，全球性气候变化和构造运动导致早石炭世拟鳞木植物群典型分子的绝灭和晚石炭世植物群先驱分子的出现。因此，华夏植物群、欧美植物群、安加拉植物群和冈瓦纳植物群衍生于早石炭世全球一致性拟鳞木植物群，但它们各自发展在不同的环境中。     

西准噶尔晚古生代残余洋盆消亡时间与构造背景研究

准噶尔西北缘克拉玛依蛇绿岩套及其上覆陆相火山-沉积岩系的研究表明,西准噶尔晚古生代残余洋盆是继承早古生代洋盆发生的,沉积作用基本连续,但同位素年代学研究表现出明显的早古生代和晚古生代两个阶段。残余洋盆的消亡是一个"软碰撞"过程,残余洋盆整体隆升消亡后,经历了329～320Ma、310～295Ma及290Ma三次构造-岩浆事件,爆发三期陆相火山喷发,形成巴塔玛依内山组、哈尔加吾组、卡拉岗组三个陆相火山-沉积岩系,准噶尔西北缘的佳木河组是跨越石炭-早二叠世包括多期火山-沉积作用的产物。晚古生代侵入岩经历了由小型浅成闪长岩、石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩系列向大型深成富碱花岗岩系列的转化,可能是花岗闪长质过渡型地壳向花岗质成熟大陆壳转化的深部作用过程的反映。     

早三叠世生物复苏期的特殊沉积——"错时相"沉积

经历了对二叠纪末大灭绝及相关地质灾变事件的多年热点研究后,近年来科学家们将注意力转移到灭绝后的事件效应上,即生态系和沉积体系状况。但紧随二叠纪末灭绝事件之后的早三叠世生态系以分异度极低的广适性分子和机会分子为主,这就突显沉积记录的重要,也使得下三叠统地层中的特殊沉积及相关构造——“错时相”沉积,如扁平砾石砾岩、蠕虫状灰岩、潮下皱纹构造、微生物岩、海底碳酸盐胶结岩扇、薄层灰岩和条带灰岩等,成为研究灭绝—残存—复苏领域的学科前沿。作为地质历史环境一次大跃变后的直接产物,“错时相”沉积紧接生物大灭绝后出现,并随中生代海洋生态系的重建而退出正常浅海环境,这种耦合关系表明沉积体系、生态系、生物灭绝与复苏、异常环境之间存在必然的联系。对于化石保存单调稀少的下三叠统地层,“错时相”沉积的研究,为探索二叠纪末生物灭绝与复苏提供了宝贵的材料和全新的视角。     

广西十万大山前陆冲断推覆构造

通过十万大山盆地内地震剖面资料和ＴＭ遥感图象的地质构造解译,结合重力资料和野外地质观察及构造分析,阐述了十万大山前陆冲断推覆构造的发育特征和前陆盆地的构造演化。前陆冲断推覆构造由３个不同的构造变形带组成：卷入海西和印支期花岗岩体的逆冲断裂带、充填中生代陆相沉积并发生构造滑脱的前陆盆地和对应于华南准地台的前陆腹地。冲断推覆构造的形成和演化是与中、晚古生代钦州海槽晚二叠世的褶皱回返和中生代相继的构造复活密切联系的,它经历了３期主要构造应力作用事件：晚二叠世海西运动晚幕为冲断推覆构造的雏形期,晚三叠世印支运动晚幕的近ＳＮ向挤压是陆相前陆盆地的发育期;早白垩世末期燕山运动主幕ＮＷ—ＳＥ向挤压是现今十万大山前陆冲断推覆构造的成型期。     

全球上二叠统的年代对比

上二叠统记录着地质历史上最大的生物灭绝事件和最深刻的环境变化。长期以来由于世界各主要沉积区晚二叠世地层的同期性未能确定 ,对这一事件及其过程难以全面了解。随着乐平统成为全球上二叠统的标准 ,我们选用若干生物地层、磁性地层和层序地层等的联接点 ,提出乐平世地层世界对比的试用方案     

The relationship between Euramerican and Cathaysian tropical floras in the Late Palaeozoic: Palaeobiogeographical and palaeogeographical implications

Wetland plant communities persisted though much of the Pennsylvanian in Euramerica and are the dominant coal forming vegetation in this region. Distribution of these floras show a dramatic decline at the end of the Carboniferous with many of the plant genera and species becoming extinct by the onset of the Permian. This has been correlated with climate change and in particular aridification associated with northwards plate motion and Euramerica moving into the doldrums, but is also associated with the Variscan orogeny and forefront destroying large areas of formerly lowland basinal settings. Other factors may include Pennsylvanian glaciations as evidenced by cyclothem and rhythmical deposition in lowlying wetland settings, and change in eustatic base level. Evidence from Euramerica demonstrates extinction of this kind of wetland biota by the earliest Permian and the development of drier floras including conifer dominated assemblages. However, new data from other parts of the world, most notably North China, confirm this model and highlight the presence of similar coal swamps ranging from the Late Pennsylvanian through the Permian. In this paper we summarise and synthesize recent taxonomic and systematic investigations undertaken on the plant fossils from the Pennsylvanian Benxi Formation – the oldest recognised wetland plant community in China – and the Early Permian Taiyuan Formation – the best preserved wetland plant community from China. Results indicate a remarkable similarity of the Pennsylvanian–Early Permian floras of North China with the older assemblages in the Pennsylvanian of Euramerica, and the presence of typical ‘Euramerican’ coal swamp plant families, genera and in some cases species in China. Conclusions include the presence of the Ameriosinian phytogeographical realm uniting Euramerica and northern Cathaysia at this time, coal swamps in the Permian of North China evolving from a ‘Euramerican’ origin, and the dramatic floral turnover at the end of the Carboniferous representing a regional event rather than a global extinction episode. Patterns of plant distribution through this interval have profound implications on established palaeogeographical models and support continental connection between Euramerica and Cathaysia before the end of the Carboniferous, contradicting ideas of Cathaysian island biogeography and biotic distinction. Continental connection appears to be related to glacial eustatic low-stand and previously shallow marine environments becoming vegetated. Also important is the fact that in both Euramerica and North China the pattern of floristic demise within wetland plant communities are similar to each other, implying the same causal mechanisms, with plants occupying waterlogged positions being the most severely devastated. However, ecosystem demise occurred at the end of the Carboniferous in Euramerica and in the middle Permian in North China, but in both cases the primary cause was climate change.     

显生宙全球气候变化与生物绝灭事件的联系

根据显生宙各地质时期全球气候敏感沉积物和生物地理单元数据库，显生宙（寒武纪至中新世）可识别出２４次全球范围内不同级别的气候变化事件。有些事件与全球生物事件有着密切的联系，而不少则并无重要联系，即使这两种事件发生的时间和规模上存在着明显的一致性，也并不一定就存在着因果关系。这２４次事件根据二者的一致性和不一致性，可归纳为两类：（１）早寒武世末（一致）；（２）晚寒武世末（不一致）；（３）早奥陶世末（Ｉｂｅｘｉａｎ末，不一致）；（４）奥陶纪末（一致）；（５）志留纪兰多维列世（不一致）；（６）志留纪文洛克世早期（不一致）；（７）志留纪文洛克世末（不一致）；（８）志留纪罗德洛世末（不一致）；（９）志留纪普利道里世末（不一致）；（１０）早泥盆世埃姆斯期初（不一致）；（１１）中泥盆世艾菲尔期末（一致）；（１２）中泥盆世吉维特期末（一致）；（１３）晚泥盆世弗拉斯期末（一致）；（１４）泥盆纪末（不一致）；（１５）早石炭世末（一致）；（１６）晚石炭世维斯发期末（一致）；（１７）早二叠世萨克马尔晚期（一致）；（１８）二叠纪末（一致）；（１９）早三叠世（一致）；（２０）中—晚三叠世（不一致）；（２１）早侏罗世赫塘期（不一致）；（２?     

Carbon and Strontium Isotopes of Late Palaeozoic Marine Carbonates in the Upper Yangtze Platform,Southwest China

238 marine carbonate samples were collected from seven sedimentary sections ofthe entire late Palaeozoic (Permian, Carboniferous and Devonian) in the Upper Yangtze Plat-form, southwest China. Based on the absence of cathodoluminescence and very low Mn (gener-ally<50 ppm) contents of the samples, it is thought that they contain information on the orig-inal sea water geochemistry. The results of isotopic analyses of these samples are presented interms of δ~(13)C and ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios versus geological time. The strontium data, consistent withother similar data based on samples from North America, Europe, Africa and other areas inAsia, support the notion of a global consistency in strontium isotope composition of marinecarbonates. The strontium data exhibit three intervals of relatively low ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios in thelate Middle Devonian to early Late Devonian, Early Carboniferous and Early Permian, corre-sponding to global eustatic high sea level stands. The lowest ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratio recorded in theLate Permian was probably caused by substantial basalt eruptions in the Upper Yangtze Plat-form at the time. Three corresponding periods of relatively high δ~(13)C values at roughly the samethe intervals were caused by a relatively high rate of accumulation of organic carbon duringsea level rises at these times. The deposition of coal was probably responsible for the increaseof sea water δ~(13)C at other times. The δ~(13)C values drop dramatically near theDevonian/Carboniferous, Carboniferous/Permian and Permian/Triassic boundaries, con-sistent with other similar data, which further support the notion that geological time boundariesare associated with mass extinction and subsequent rejuvenation.     

新疆北部后碰撞构造演化与成矿

以夹于陆块间的蛇绿岩套构造就位及其伴随的区域变形变质、同碰撞花岗岩侵入时期,作为主碰撞期。后碰撞发生在主碰撞之后,并随大规模花岗质岩浆作用的结束而结束。依此标志,新疆北部后碰撞阶段的主体时限为早石炭世维宪期—晚二叠世。研究表明,新疆北部后碰撞阶段具有明显的继承性、旋回性、阶段性和方向性,经历了早石炭世伸展—晚石炭世挤压(隆升)和早二叠世伸展—晚二叠世挤压(隆升)两个伸展—挤压旋回。其中,早石炭世伸展可能与主碰撞导致的岩石圈板片拆沉有关,早二叠世伸展则可能与刚性增强的新陆壳下幔源岩浆的底侵作用有关。由多陆块碰撞过程中产生的巨大挤压应力,被后碰撞期不同机制幔源岩浆作用导致的阶段性伸展所消耗,由此逐步完成了碰撞后新陆壳的固结。新疆北部后碰撞的伸展阶段和挤压—伸展转变期,是大规模成矿的高峰期,并具有独特的成矿时空分布规律性。     

四川华蓥山二叠纪与三叠纪之交沉积特征及动物群变化

晚二叠世晚期,华蓥山地区位于川东、鄂西碳酸盐岩台地上.二叠—三叠系接触关系是华南常见类型之一.生物群集绝灭不是正发生在界线上,而是在界线之下数十厘米处,δ（?）C最大负值和δ（?）O最大变化都发生在这个层位上,我们称它为“重要的生物绝灭（消失）线”.二叠—三叠纪之交生物大绝灭的原因,我们认为主要是环境的变化和生物的不适应性.工作区未发现地外星体撞击事件的记录.     

The plant fossil record reflects just two great extinction events

Five great taxonomic extinctions (the so‐called ‘Big Five Mass Extinctions’) are widely recognized in life history, at the end of the Ordovician, Frasnian (Late Devonian), Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous. All of them were originally identified in the marine fossil record and have been interpreted as the result of abrupt global environmental changes. Previous evidence has suggested that terrestrial biota were also subjected to ecological disruption during these events, but it is unknown whether they suffered the same level of large‐scale taxonomic disruption as marine organisms. Here we show that the plant fossil record in fact only provides evidence of two mass taxonomic extinction events, one through the Carboniferous‐Permian transition, the other during middle‐late Permian times. This differs significantly from the mass extinctions recognized in the marine realm and suggests that vascular plants have a special capacity for surviving abrupt environmental changes.     

华南西部晚二叠世碳同位素地层学研究

对黔桂地区７条晚二叠世碳酸盐岩型煤系剖面进行了碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素测定，发现晚二叠世吴家坪阶与长兴阶碳酸盐岩的δ１３Ｃ值有明显差异，前者δ１３Ｃ多大于３．０‰，后者多小于３．０‰，进一步对晚二叠世δ１３Ｃ的变化原因的分析表明，δ１３Ｃ的变化可能与晚古生代末期聚煤作用的减弱密切相关，后者造成自然界碳库中的１２Ｃ的富集，从而使得海水以及在其中沉淀出的碳酸盐岩中的δ１３Ｃ值降低。此外，植物光合作用从大气中吸收ＣＯ２的量也随陆地植被减少而减少，结果造成大气中的ＣＯ２的大量富集，从而进一步产生温室效应，制约生物界的发展。联系到这一阶段生物界的衰亡灭绝，可以认为温室效应是晚二叠世生物逐渐衰亡及晚二叠世末群体灭绝的主要原因之一。     

重大地史事件、节律及圈层耦合

文章讨论了岩石圈的联合古陆事件，生物圈的重要生物类别的出现、生物爆发事件和集群绝灭事件，水圈和大气圈的海平面变化事件和气候的变冷、变暖事件。联合古陆事件包括陆核型联合古陆（２５００Ｍａ）、初始原地台型联合古陆（１９００Ｍａ）、成熟原地台型联合古陆（１４５０Ｍａ）、地台型联合古陆（８５０Ｍａ）和大陆型联合古陆（２５０Ｍａ）事件；生物圈事件包括原核生物、真核生物、后生动物、带壳后生动物的出现事件，寒武纪生物大爆发事件，奥陶纪—志留纪之交（４３９Ｍａ）、晚泥盆世弗拉斯期—法门期之交（３６７Ｍａ）、二叠纪—三叠纪之交（２５０Ｍａ）、三叠纪—侏罗纪之交（２０８Ｍａ）、白垩纪—第三纪之交（６５Ｍａ）的生物集群绝灭事件，并从遗迹化石的角度，阐述了后生动物及其行为习性的起源和演化的新观点。水圈和大气圈事件包括晚震旦世、奥陶纪—志留纪之交、晚石炭世的自节律海平面变化事件，奥陶纪和白垩纪的他节律高海平面事件，震旦纪—寒武纪和二叠纪—三叠纪之交的耦合节律海平面变化事件，并以泥盆纪为例作了进一步阐述。这些事件是岩石圈、生物圈、水圈和大气圈发展、演化的重要里程碑。上述事件的重要特征是，在时间上的节律性和在成因上的圈层耦合效应。     

湖北秭归吴家坪组—长兴组界线氧化还原条件及其意义

二叠纪发生了两次重大生物灭绝事件，一次是位于吴家坪初期即瓜德鲁普世末生物灭绝事件，另一次是位于长兴末期即晚二叠世末生物灭绝事件。在这两次生物灭绝事件之间的大约八百万年时间里，其环境变化研究相对较少，古海洋的氧化还原条件变化目前尚未清楚。通过分析湖北秭归县杨林剖面的黄铁矿形态来探讨吴家坪组-长兴组界线氧化还原条件及其意义。研究结果表明:吴家坪组与长兴组石灰岩沉积时期的古海水主要是贫氧至氧化环境。在吴家坪组上部至长兴组下部地层沉积时期古水体出现间歇性硫化现象。该硫化缺氧事件不仅出现在秭归地区，还广泛分布于鄂西盆地、扬子台地南缘南盘江盆地、阿拉伯地台以及东格陵兰盆地地区。这说明吴家坪-长兴组界线沉积时期的间歇性硫化缺氧事件有可能是一个全球性事件。该事件可能与二叠末事件有一定的关联。     

Decoding Provenance and Tectonothermal Events by Detrital Zircon Fission‐Track and U‐Pb Double Dating: A Case of the Southern Ordos Basin

Multi-dating on the same detrital grains allows for determining multiple different geo-thermochronological ages simultaneously and thus could provide more details about regional tectonics. In this paper, we carried out detrital zircon fission-track and U-Pb double dating on the Permian-Middle Triassic sediments from the southern Ordos Basin to decipher the tectonic information archived in the sediments of intracratonic basins. The detrital zircon U-Pb ages and fission-track ages, together with lag time analyses, indicate that the Permian-Middle Triassic sediments in the southern Ordos Basin are characterized by multiple provenances. The crystalline basement of the North China Craton (NCC) and recycled materials from pre-Permian sediments that were ultimately sourced from the basement of the NCC are the primary provenance, while the Permian magmatites in the northern margin of NCC and Early Paleozoic crystalline rocks in Qinling Orogenic Collage act as minor provenance. In addition, the detrital zircon fission-track age peaks reveal four major tectonothermal events, including the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic post-depositional tectonothermal event and three other tectonothermal events associated with source terrains. The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic (225–179 Ma) tectonothermal event was closely related to the upwelling of deep material and energy beneath the southwestern Ordos Basin due to the coeval northward subduction of the Yangze Block and the following collision of the Yangze Block and the NCC. The Mid-Late Permian (275–263 Ma) tectonothermal event was associated with coeval denudation in the northern part of the NCC and North Qinling terrane, resulting from the subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and Tethys Ocean toward the NCC. The Late Devonian-early Late Carboniferous (348±33 Ma) tectonothermal event corresponded the long-term denudation in the hinterland and periphery of the NCC because of the arc-continent collisions in the northern and southern margins of the NCC. The Late Neoproterozoic (813–565 Ma) tectonothermal event was associated with formation of the Great Unconformity within the NCC and may be causally related to the Rodinia supercontinent breakup driven by a large-scale mantle upwelling.     

Metallogeny and tectonic development of the Tasman Fold Belt System in New South Wales

The northwestern corner of New South Wales consists of the paratectonic Late Proterozoic to Early Cambrian Adelaide Fold Belt and older rocks, which represent basement inliers in this fold belt. The rest of the state is built by the composite Late Proterozoic to Triassic Tasman Fold Belt System or Tasmanides.In New South Wales the Tasman Fold Belt System includes three fold belts: (1) the Late Proterozoic to Early Palaeozoic Kanmantoo Fold Belt; (2) the Early to Middle Palaeozoic Lachlan Fold Belt; and (3) the Early Palaeozoic to Triassic New England Fold Belt. The Late Palaeozoic to Triassic Sydney—Bowen Basin represents the foredeep of the New England Fold Belt.The Tasmanides developed in an active plate margin setting through the interaction of East Gondwanaland with the Ur-(Precambrian) and Palaeo-Pacific plates. The Tasmanides are characterized by a polyphase terrane accretion history: during the Late Proterozoic to Triassic the Tasmanides experienced three major episodes of terrane dispersal (Late Proterozoic—Cambrian, Silurian—Devonian, and Late Carboniferous—Permian) and six terrane accretionary events (Cambrian—Ordovician, Late Ordovician—Early Silurian, Middle Devonian, Carboniferous, Middle-Late Permian, and Triassic). The individual fold belts resulted from one or more accretionary events.The Kanmantoo Fold Belt has a very restricted range of mineralization and is characterized by stratabound copper deposits, whereas the Lachlan and New England Fold Belts have a great variety of metallogenic environments associated with both accretionary and dispersive tectonic episodes.The earliest deposits in the Lachlan Fold Belt are stratabound Cu and Mn deposits of Cambro-Ordovician age. In the Ordovician Cu deposits were formed in a volcanic are. In the Silurian porphyry Cu---Au deposits were formed during the late stages of development of the same volcanic are. Post-accretionary porphyry Cu---Au deposits were emplaced in the Early Devonian on the sites of the accreted volcanic arc. In the Middle to Late Silurian and Early Devonian a large number of base metal deposits originated as a result of rifting and felsic volcanism. In the Silurian and Early Devonian numerous Sn---W, Mo and base metal—Au granitoid related deposits were formed. A younger group of Mo---W and Sn deposits resulted from Early—Middle Carboniferous granitic plutonism in the eastern part of the Lachlan Fold Belt. In the Middle Devonian epithermal Au was associated with rifting and bimodal volcanism in the extreme eastern part of the Lachlan Fold Belt.In the New England Fold Belt pre-accretionary deposits comprise stratabound Cu and Mn deposits (pre-Early Devonian): stratabound Cu and Mn and ?exhalite Au deposits (Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous); and stratabound Cu, exhalite Au, and quartz—magnetite (?Late Carboniferous). S-type magmatism in the Late Carboniferous—Early Permian was responsible for vein Sn and possibly Au---As---Ag---Sb deposits. Volcanogenic base metals, when compared with the Lachlan Fold Belt, are only poorly represented, and were formed in the Early Permian. The metallogenesis of the New England Fold Belt is dominated by granitoid-related mineralization of Middle Permian to Triassic age, including Sn---W, Mo---W, and Au---Ag---As Sb deposits. Also in the Middle Permian epithermal Au---Ag mineralization was developed. During the above period of post-orogenic magmatism sizeable metahydrothermal Sb---Au(---W) and Au deposits were emplaced in major fracture and shear zones in central and eastern New England. The occurrence of antimony provides an additional distinguishing factor between the New England and Lachlan Fold Belts. In the New England Fold Belt antimony deposits are abundant whereas they are rare in the Lachlan Fold Belt. This may suggest fundamental crustal differences.     

Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution and palaeogeography of East Asian crustal fragments: The Korean Peninsula in context

East and Southeast Asia comprises a complex assembly of allochthonous continental lithospheric crustal fragments (terranes) together with volcanic arcs, and other terranes of oceanic and accretionary complex origins located at the zone of convergence between the Eurasian, Indo-Australian and Pacific Plates. The former wide separation of Asian terranes is indicated by contrasting faunas and floras developed on adjacent terranes due to their prior geographic separation, different palaeoclimates, and biogeographic isolation. The boundaries between Asian terranes are marked by major geological discontinuities (suture zones) that represent former ocean basins that once separated them. In some cases, the ocean basins have been completely destroyed, and terrane boundaries are marked by major fault zones. In other cases, remnants of the ocean basins and of subduction/accretion complexes remain and provide valuable information on the tectonic history of the terranes, the oceans that once separated them, and timings of amalgamation and accretion. The various allochthonous crustal fragments of East Asia have been brought into close juxtaposition by geological convergent plate tectonic processes. The Gondwana-derived East Asia crustal fragments successively rifted and separated from the margin of eastern Gondwana as three elongate continental slivers in the Devonian, Early Permian and Late Triassic–Late Jurassic. As these three continental slivers separated from Gondwana, three successive ocean basins, the Palaeo-Tethys,. Meso-Tethys and Ceno-Tethys, opened between these and Gondwana. Asian terranes progressively sutured to one another during the Palaeozoic to Cenozoic. South China and Indochina probably amalgamated in the Early Carboniferous but alternative scenarios with collision in the Permo–Triassic have been suggested. The Tarim terrane accreted to Eurasia in the Early Permian. The Sibumasu and Qiangtang terranes collided and sutured with Simao/Indochina/East Malaya in the Early–Middle Triassic and the West Sumatra terrane was transported westwards to a position outboard of Sibumasu during this collisional process. The Permo–Triassic also saw the progressive collision between South and North China (with possible extension of this collision being recognised in the Korean Peninsula) culminating in the Late Triassic. North China did not finally weld to Asia until the Late Jurassic. The Lhasa and West Burma terranes accreted to Eurasia in the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous and proto East and Southeast Asia had formed. Palaeogeographic reconstructions illustrating the evolution and assembly of Asian crustal fragments during the Phanerozoic are presented.     

Late Permian–Early Triassic environmental changes recorded by multi-isotope (Re-Os-N-Hg) data and trace metal distribution from the Hovea-3 section,Western Australia

The temporal coincidence between the Late Permian mass extinction (LPME) and the emplacement of Siberian Trap basalts suggests a causal link between the two events. Here, we discuss stratigraphic changes of organic and inorganic (including isotopic) geochemical properties of marine sediments across the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) in the Hovea-3 core, Western Australia, a key PTB section in the southern Neo-Tethys ocean. These data are compared with published data from the Meishan section, southern China, and from the Opal Creek section in western Canada, providing a view of Tethys and Panthalassa changes at the PTB. Trace metal and N-isotopic data, together with organic matter properties suggest that anoxic conditions were established prior to the LPME, intensified close to the LPME, and continued with photic-zone euxinia into the Early Triassic. For the Hovea-3 section, Re-Os ages confirm Changhsingian (253.5 ± 1.4 Ma) deposition of the dated interval sampled immediately below the stratigraphic level characterized by major lithological and isotopic changes. Evaluation of Re-Os, N, and Hg elemental and isotopic data for Hovea-3 suggests that anoxic conditions in the latest Permian were generally unrelated to direct magmatic contributions. A major increase in the initial Os isotopic ratio of Lower Triassic shales suggest an ~8× increase in the Early Triassic continental runoff, based on moderately conservative assumptions for end-members contributing Os to the Permian–Triassic ocean. Comparison to other PTB sections confirms a global signal of increasing Re/Os ratios in the Late Permian, and major and long-lived changes in the isotopic composition of the post-extinction ocean. A distinct peak in Hg concentrations carrying a volcanic isotopic signature, also identified in other PTB sections, likely represents a major pulse of Siberian Trap volcanism. This Hg peak in the Hovea-3 section, however, is detected above the stratigraphic level containing multiple other widely recognized and more permanent geochemical changes. Therefore, direct volcanic inputs to the Permian–Triassic Ocean likely post-date the LPME in this Western Australian section.     

广西南部晚古生代放射虫组合及其地质意义

广西南部钦州、玉林一带硅质岩系中丰富的放射虫化石,可区分出晚泥盆世、早石炭世和二叠纪的11个放射虫组合。晚泥盆世-早石炭世的组合可与北美和西欧对比。二叠纪组合与以日本为代表的环太平洋放射虫组合和西西里、滇西等地的古特提斯放射虫组合一致,表明了古特提斯与原太平洋之间的联系。