协方差函数的选择对GPS高程拟合精度的影响

阐述最小二乘配置的原理,给出先验方差协方差估计方法,通过实例分析了采用最小二乘配置法的有效性,比较了不同协方差函数对拟合精度的影响及拟合点的分布对协方差函数、拟合结果的影响。     

基于整体最小二乘的稳健点云数据平面拟合

针对点云数据平面拟合方法没有完整考虑测量数据中的误差及系数阵中误差的情况,提出稳健整体最小二乘点云数据平面拟合方法。该法以整体最小二乘法为基础,在考虑全部观测量存在误差的情况下,通过一定的准则删除数据中的粗差或异常值,从而获得稳健的平面参数估值。实验中,分别利用最小二乘法、特征值法和稳健整体最小二乘拟合法对仿真点云数据和真实点云数据进行平面拟合,结果显示该法能克服异常值的影响,得到可靠的平面参数估值,具有稳健性。     

加权总体最小二乘点云平面拟合定权方法探讨

针对加权总体最小二乘点云数据平面拟合方法中缺少统一定权准则的问题,提出以先验入射角及距离定权两种方法。利用稳健估计构造了基于强度值定权的稳健加权最小二乘、基于先验入射角定权的加权最小二乘与基于距离定权的加权最小二乘3种新的平面拟合算法,并应用于拟合扫描不同反射材质获取的平面点云数据。算例表明,〖JP2〗以距离定权构造的距离加权总体最小二乘法的各项精度指标均优于其他算法,拟合效果最好。     

整体最小二乘和最小二乘拟合空间直线的比较

给出整体最小二乘法拟合空间直线的一种迭代算法。将空间直线垂直投影到坐标平面,分别采用整体最小二乘法和最小二乘法拟合直线。对坐标点等精度观测、非等精度观测和坐标分量非等精度观测3种场景进行模拟计算,比较两种方法估计的参数和验后单位权方差,并对三维激光扫描仪实测数据拟合结果进行分析。     

中国大陆速度场模型建立方法研究

将中国大陆划分成东北、华北、华南、青藏、西北5个块体,基于克里金插值法、最小二乘配置法、最小二乘配置移动拟合推估法等3种方法及速度场数据研究中国大陆速度场模型建立方法。利用外检点分析不同建模方法的精度情况,最小二乘配置法在大部分块体（华北、华南、东北块体）的拟合精度都较高,表现稳定|克里金插值法在青藏、华北块体的拟合精度较高。利用克里金插值法与最小二乘配置法获取中国大陆1°×1°格网中心点速度场成果,两种方法成果差异较小。     

形变观测序列变振幅年周期探测方法研究

针对形变观测数据振幅非均匀变化的情况,分别采用最小二乘法、基于F检验的分段最小二乘法及滑动傅里叶法进行年周期拟合,通过比较拟合残差分析各种方法的优劣和适用性。结果显示,在年周期振幅不变或渐变的情况下,3种方法拟合效果均较好,滑动傅里叶拟合略优于其他两种方法;在年周期振幅变化复杂且存在相位差的情况下,分段最小二乘法明显最优,但在分段点会产生阶跃及周期不连续的现象。     

基于加权总体最小二乘法的GPS高程拟合

在GPS高程拟合中,针对传统最小二乘方法不能解决系数矩阵存在误差的问题,提出了一种基于加权总体最小二乘的拟合方法。对平面和二次曲面多项式建立更加合理的拟合模型,并给出了相应的迭代算法。实例计算表明,加权最小二乘方法能够得到更好的估计参数,高程异常值拟合精度也相应提高。     

基于补偿最小二乘的平面点云拟合方法

采用补偿最小二乘进行估计解算,同时兼顾参数和非参数两类因素,极大地提高了平面点云拟合精度。通过对斜面、水平面和垂直面3种平面分别使用最小二乘方法、特征值方法以及补偿最小二乘方法进行拟合,结果显示,补偿最小二乘方法的拟合效果最优。     

信号与噪声权选择对GPS高程拟合精度的影响

阐述了最小二乘配置基本原理,给出在吉洪诺夫条件下的最小二乘解和一种新的确定经验协方差的方法,并通过实例讨论信号与噪声权的选择对GPS高程拟合精度的影响。结果表明,随着信号与噪声权比的增大,内符合精度明显提高,检核精度也有一定的提高。     

变异函数模型参数的加权总体最小二乘回归法

顾及距离值的随机误差,提出用加权总体最小二乘回归法估计变异函数模型参数。通过协方差传播律发现,分组后的变异函数值和距离值是不等精度的。给出距离值的定权方法,结合熵权法和点对数法迭代解算模型参数。以幂函数模型为例,模拟数据和实测数据的结果表明,加权总体最小二乘回归法更加合理,参数的估计精度也更高。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.     

Author Index for Journal of Mountain Science Volume 11,2014,pp 1-1656

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Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research