近2ka以来东海内陆架泥质区记录的高分辨率古气候演化

通过对位于东海内陆架泥质区中部的MZ02柱样岩芯进行粒度、常量元素、AMS14C分析,获得了粒度和常量元素随时间变化的高分辨率曲线.结果表明,近2 ka以来研究区沉积环境稳定,以沿岸流控制的浅海沉积为主,沉积物中CaO/K2O,MgO/Al2 O3和MnO/Na2 O比值的变化与我国东部气候变化序列具有较好的一致性,证...     

东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物常量元素地球化学及其地质意义

通过分析东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物的粒度、有机质(TOC)、常量元素氧化物(SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O,P2O5,TiO2,MnO),探讨东海内陆架泥质区常量元素空间分布特征及其地质意义。结果表明,东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物中常量元素氧化物组成较为稳定,含量最高的2种组分为SiO2和Al2O3,两者组分占沉积物总量的72%左右。常量元素氧化物的含量与沉积物类型密切相关,SiO2,CaO,P2O5倾向于富集在粗颗粒沉积物中;Al2O3,K2O,MnO则倾向于富集在细颗粒沉积物中;而MgO,Na2O,Fe2O3和TiO2基本不受沉积物类型影响。R型因子分析结果表明,东海内陆架泥质区表层沉积物的常量元素氧化物可以分为3组,第1组包括SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,MgO,TiO2,P2O5和MnO;第2组包括CaO,K2O,CaCO3和TOC;第3组包括Na2O,可能分别代表了陆源碎屑沉积、海洋生物沉积和海洋化学沉积。     

末次冰消期以来东海内陆架沉积物磁化率的环境意义

对末次冰消期以来东海内陆架沉积物磁化率的影响因素及其蕴含的古环境信息进行了探讨.对位于浙闽沿岸泥质沉积中心附近的EC2005孔沉积物磁化率、岩性、粒度、常量元素、矿物以及AMS<'14>C测年数据进行了综合分析,得出以下主要结论:EC2005孔沉积物磁化率的变化受多种因素的制约,不同层位的主要控制因素不同,60.20～...     

鸭绿江端元粒度分级样品常量元素控制因素分析及物源识别

对鸭绿江河口表层沉积物陆源组分进行了水动力敏感粒度分级,以消弱"粒度效应"对沉积物地球化学组成的影响。通过多元统计方法,对不同粒级样品内常量元素含量特征、控制因素、源区特征等内容进行了探讨,并与全样测试结果进行对比分析。结果表明:源区化学风化程度是控制常量元素分布的主要因素,"粒度效应"和表生环境下的自生作用对常量元素的分布也有一定的控制作用,但"粒度效应"主要控制8μm以下样品内元素分布;源区目前处于以斜长石风化为主的中等化学风化程度阶段,风化产物未遭受钾交代影响;Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、MnO、TiO2、P2O5六种元素在>63μm、32~63μm和8~32μm 3个粒级内含量相近,8μm以下样品随粒级减小元素含量显著增加,CaO、Na2O两种元素在各粒级内含量分布特征与上述6种元素相反,高K2O含量且未受"粒度效应"控制,可作为鸭绿江端元的指示性元素。根据流域岩性特征分析,>2μm粒级样品可能主要来自鸭绿江中下游地区变质基底和花岗质侵入体的风化产物;而<2μm粒级样品则可能主要来自鸭绿江上游地区基性侵入体的风化产物。此外,对比分析还表明,全样测试结果仅相当于分粒级样品的均值水平,极大地掩盖了不同粒级内元素地球化学特征的差异性和规律性。因此,在利用全样地球化学特征进行物源示踪时需综合考虑。     

北黄海表层沉积物常量元素分布特征及其控制因素分析

为探讨北黄海表层沉积物中常量元素分布特征,并进一步分析其控制因素和物质来源,以常量元素为依托,对304个站位表层沉积物常量元素含量分布特征及控制因素进行统计分析,结果表明:沉积物中SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、K2O、P2O5、TiO2七种元素含量的空间分布具有明显的区域性。其中,SiO2、K2O具有相似的空间分布;Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、P2O5、TiO2具有相似的空间分布,但与SiO2、K2O的分布趋势相反;CaO、MnO、Na2O在区域内分布较为均匀,未显示出明显的高低变化趋势。聚类分析显示,表层沉积物的常量元素分布主要受粒度效应的控制。主因子分析提取出3种控制常量元素分布的主成分,分析表明,粒度控制效应、源区风化作用和不同物源输入是影响表层沉积物常量元素空间分布的主要因素,贡献累计方差总和达77.12%。以K2O、CaO、TiO2为指标,通过FD函数识别出北黄海不同海域内的主要物质来源,其主要物源包括黄河、鸭绿江和黄海暖流携带的长江物质。对北黄海沉积物物质来源进行分析,不仅在海洋矿产资源勘探、航道开发、沿岸港口建设与整治等方面具有实际意义,而且在认识海洋环境变迁等方面同样具有理论意义。     

长江口泥质区表层沉积物元素地球化学

运用X荧光光谱法对长江口泥质区的105个表层沉积物样品的SiO2、Al2O3、TFe2O3(全铁)、MgO、CaO、K2O、Na2O、MnO、TiO2、P2O5、Cu、Pb、Ba、Sr、V、Zn、Co、Ni、Cr、Zr等20种元素进行了分析测试,给出了上述元素的平面分布趋势。将研究区划分为3个地球化学区:Ⅰ区位于研究区西部,主要富集SiO2、Na2O、Zr,明显亏损Cu;Ⅱ区位于研究区中部,富集Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、Cu等元素;Ⅲ区位于研究区东部,元素分布特征与Ⅰ区相似,不同之处是Ⅲ区明显富集CaO、Sr两种元素。在以长江沉积物为主要物源的前提下,沉积物粒度是控制研究区内常、微量元素分布的第一因素,生源物质、物源和自生作用也是控制研究区元素分布的重要原因。     

南海西北部表层沉积物常量元素地球化学特征

分析了南海西北部198个表层沉积物的常量元素地球化学特征,研究了沉积物常量元素的含量分布特征、富集程度和粒度效应。结果显示,沉积物的常量元素以SiO2、Al2O3、CaO含量较高,平均值分别为45.9%、8.53%、16.7%,其中SiO2、Al2O3代表了陆源碎屑组分,CaO代表了生物碎屑组分。陆架区具有较高的SiO2含量,陆坡区具有较高的Al2O3、CaO含量,但是,Al2O3的高含量在深水下陆坡区,而CaO的高含量在上陆坡岛礁区。总体上,常量元素Fe2O3、K2O、MgO、Na2O、TiO2与Al2O3具有相似的含量分布特征,指示细粒组分的吸附作用;而SiO2、CaO与Al2O3呈相反的分布特征以及负相关关系,反映了沉积物的常量元素受到石英矿物和碳酸盐矿物的稀释作用。大部分元素的富集因子介于1~2之间,富集特征不明显,表明碎屑物质主要为地壳来源,仅CaO、MnO出现较高的富集因子,指示陆坡区生物富集作用和深水陆坡区化学沉积作用的贡献。     

长江口外海域沉积物常量元素分布特征及控制因素

通过对长江口外海域187个站位沉积物样品的常量元素含量分布分析,研究了长江口外海域沉积物常量元素组成的R-型聚类分析、R-型因子分析及主要控制因素.长江口外海域沉积物常量元素Al2O3、MgO、K2O和Fe2O3分布基本相似,而SiO2分布则与其相反;东南部CaO和CaCO3分布与生物作用有明显关系;TiO2分布反映了...     

山东半岛南部海域表层沉积物主要元素分布特征及影响因素

通过对山东半岛南部海域147个表层沉积物样品和周边入海河流46个表层沉积物样品进行粒度与元素地球化学测试,系统地研究了主要地球化学元素含量及分布特征,探讨了其影响因素。结果表明:研究区表层沉积物常量元素SiO2、CaO、K2O含量低于我国近海海域平均值,Al2O3、MgO、TFe2O3含量高于我国近海海域平均值,微量元素中重金属含量均高于我国近海海域平均值。表层沉积物粒度、周边入海河流和人类活动是影响元素地球化学分布的主要原因。     

三亚近岸海域表层沉积物常量元素地球化学特征及其物源指示

为充分了解三亚海岸带的状况,对三亚近岸海域的331个站位表层沉积物的常量元素进行了分析。结果表明,研究区内沉积物常量元素组分以SiO_2,Al_2O_3,CaO为主。除SiO_2,CaO外,其余各常量元素组分含量(质量分数)均低于其各自在我国浅海沉积物中的丰度值。空间分布上,三亚近海表层沉积物中的常量元素基本遵循"元素的粒度控制律",Al_2O_3和与其密切相关的常量组分显示陆源细粒沉积物特征,SiO_2则表现出相反的特征。除"粒控效应"外,K_2O,MnO和有机碳在空间的分布还受其他因素影响,CaO的空间分布则主要受控于海洋生物作用。研究区物质来源应以附近的陆源碎屑物质为主,另外还有海洋生物及自生作用等其他物质来源。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.