不同加固技术在散粒体斜坡表层的应用对比研究

散粒体斜坡多发育于我国西部山区,由块度不一、黏粒含量较少的碎砾石土组成,由于胶结性差,遇雨水冲刷、风吹或人畜踩踏易失稳。传统坡面防护技术包括拦挡锚固和土工材料与植被构筑,新型护坡技术是结合了岩土材料加固和生态环境两方面所提出的新方法。本文中该新技术是指将浓度1.3%的改性钠羧甲基纤维素与边坡表层土拌合,后掺入植物纤维,喷洒到坡表形成加固层;加固层表面喷洒草籽,以达到边坡防护的目的。文章选择传统的护坡方法（格构和三维网）和新型土壤改良方法结合植草绿化技术对室外某散粒体斜坡进行加固处理,以天然斜坡为参照,统计降雨冲刷和径流冲刷后边坡表面侵蚀破坏、入渗和植被破坏特征,对比不同护坡方式的应用效果。试验结果表明:每个斜坡辅之相同的植草条件下,对比降雨和放水冲刷试验后各边坡的侵蚀破坏特征可以发现,材料改良植草边坡侵蚀弱,产沙量小,作用层能减缓雨水下渗,提高植被存活率和降低植被倒伏率,其效果优于三维网植草护坡和格构植草护坡。     

我国地质灾害防治工程的边坡绿化技术与现状

近年来,我国地质灾害防治工程,更注重工程建设与环境保护相互协调发展,强化了防治工程的绿色环保意识,使地质灾害治理与生态环境保护成为一个相辅相成的统一体,实现人与自然的和谐.为了恢复工程建设中因开挖大量边坡而遭到破坏的植被,我国在灾害治理和边坡防护工程中的生态防护技术方法及边坡绿化的草种选择方面有了长足的进步.目前边坡生态治理常用的方法主要有6大类植生卷铺盖法、挂三维网植草、液压喷播、生态多孔混凝土绿化法、浆砌空心砖培土种草及喷混植草.边坡绿化草种的选择,应考虑边坡的地域、气候、土壤、当地植被,绿化的持续年限(防止植被的退化),以及与周围环境的协调.     

降雨冲刷对黄土公路边坡植物防护影响的试验研究

通过对裸露黄土公路边坡、厚层基材植草公路边坡、三维网植草公路边坡以及平台植树公路边坡的现场降雨冲刷试验,阐述了不同防护型式的公路黄土边坡在降雨条件下的坡面径流、含泥量以及坡面冲刷情况,得出了降雨对边坡坡面的侵蚀过程,首先是从雨滴直接打击土体开始,进而引起溅蚀,分散土粒,紧接着发生超渗径流造成坡面冲刷。以及对坡面破坏最大的是坡顶上方来水等重要结论。验证了坡面植物防护以及平台植树等防护方法可以有效降低降雨冲刷对坡面的侵蚀破坏,为黄土地区公路边坡植物防护的设计施工以提供了可靠的依据。     

陶鄂铁路路基坡面防冲刷设计原则研究

陶鄂铁路路基填料主要采用风积沙,风积沙路基边坡在雨后极易遭到冲刷破坏。在分析边坡冲刷影响因素和冲刷破坏形成过程的基础上,本文重点对陶鄂铁路路基坡面防冲刷防护原则进行研究,针对不同的路基填筑高度,分别采用混凝土预制板、树枝沙障、混凝土六棱空心砖、骨架护坡等防护形式,可有效减少路基冲刷破坏,满足疏排水要求。     

喷混植生技术在高速公路岩石边坡防护和绿化中的应用

随着高速公路逐渐向山区发展，在修建高速公路过程中存在大量的高填深挖的高陡边坡，环境保护越来越引起人们的高度重视，惠（州）－河（源）高速公路在：“建绿色通道，走环保之路”的思想指导下，采用了喷混植草等新型边坡防护，绿化方案，在惠河高速公路进行有效的喷混植草实验基础上，总结了喷混植草技术的特点，并对喷混植草立地条件的适宜性进行了调查和分析，同时筛选了适合广东地区的喷播草种，以期推动我国高速公路建设早日走上“生态高速”的道路。     

高速公路边坡植草护坡的根固效应试验研究

针对目前国内植草护坡这一高速公路边坡防护措施,分析了植草护坡的加固机制,对根系护坡的锚固效应进行了试验研究。基于室内直剪试验结果,分析了根系含量对土体抗剪强度指标c、 的影响,建立了植草护坡的根系锚固效应公式,可为边坡绿化的设计和施工提供一定的借鉴意义。     

公路岩石边坡坡面挂铁丝网喷粉植草新技术

在岩石边坡上采用持铁丝网喷粉植草新技术，以达到边坡防护，同时又起到了美化环境的效果，与往常的砌体护坡护面相比较，具有造价低、故果好、应用广泛等优点，这种技术适用于公路土建项目的岩石迫坡改造与防护上，同时还可用于城市建设中的大开挖边坡治理，采石场迫坡综合改造，这方面巳在湖南、广东等地区得到一定的应用，在当今日益重视环境保护的国内国际形势下，这种喷粉植草技术是值得普及推广的．     

太阳辐射对青藏铁路路基表面热状况的影响

在不考虑大气影响的情况下,铁路路基和左右边坡接受到的太阳辐射日总量随铁路走向和季节的不同,而有很大的差异.利用实测资料,计算了青藏铁路梯形路基不同表面吸收的太阳辐射能的差异,分析研究了青藏铁路路基及左右边坡表面的热状况及其与地面吸收的太阳辐射能的关系,提出了一些有关高原铁路建设方面值得注意的问题.利用地面吸收的太阳辐射能反演了青藏铁路路基和边坡表面温度,并进行了验证,从而得出了一个计算路基和边坡表面温度的简单参数化方法.     

土工格室对黄土路堤边坡抗冲刷的试验研究

在黄土地区,植被恢复很慢,由于黄土本身的特性以及突发性的暴雨,对路堤边坡的冲蚀作用十分明显,甚至造成路基的坍塌。用格室防护黄土路堤边坡的冲刷试验研究,目前尚未见报道。通过一系列对比试验并详尽分析,发现土工格室对黄土路堤边坡冲刷防护的效果明显。在此基础上,对土工格室的冲刷防护机理进行了初步探讨。     

瀑布沟水电站淹没区右岸公路边坡综合治理技术

瀑布沟水电站淹没区公路复建工程与该地区移民安置、社会稳定、经济发展息息相关。路基开挖形成的边坡土体疏松、岩石裸露破碎,局部地区还有陡坎和倒悬体,给公路的安全通行带来了巨大障碍。根据该段公路边坡防护要求,因地制宜采用重力式挡土墙、挂网喷锚和格构锚杆等技术措施进行综合整治。介绍了3种措施的技术特点、施工遇到的问题及解决方法。实践证明,三者的有机结合为该区边坡防护建立了可靠的安全保障,为公路边坡的防护积累了新的经验。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。