混合捕收剂去除高岭土中含铁矿物试验研究

文章根据高岭土中含铁矿物的浮选试验研究,采用胺类与皂化油酸表面活性剂组合作为高岭土中含铁矿物的捕收剂。高岭土中铁的赋存状态表明,采用分段阳离子/阴离子捕收剂组合试剂,当pH=8～10时,十八胺乳化液以静电力吸附形式捕收含铁硅酸盐;当pH=5～7时,皂化油酸和少量十二烷基磺酸钠通过表面活化反应捕收氧化铁矿,使北海高岭土精矿自然白度达到85%～86%,煅烧白度（1 200℃）达到88%～89%。     

砟子煤矿区硬质高岭(土)岩生产高白度煅烧高岭土工艺研究

吉林省地质矿信息中心与白山市八道江区煤管局合作,对山地区石炭、二叠系煤系地层中的硬质高岭（土）岩进行了实验室加工试验,得出了影响砟子煤矿区硬质高岭（土）岩煅烧高岭土白度的六大因素,指出了煅烧工艺对砟子煤矿区硬质高岭（土）岩的关键所在,但各因素之间又是相关连,相互渗透的,对下一步建厂生产指明了方向,清楚地论述了应用砟子煤矿区硬质高岭（土）岩的煅烧加工过程,获得超细双９０型造纸涂料级产品的把握所在,双９０型产品指的是：粒度－２μｍ〉９０％,白度（ＧＥ高度）〉９０度。     

苏州城市河道底泥对磷酸盐的吸附与释放特征

为了探讨苏州古城区河道底泥对磷酸盐的吸附-释放特征,文中分别从改变上覆水的pH值、底泥吸附-释放动力学和等温吸附实验三个方面进行了研究。结果表明:(1)随着上覆水pH值的增大,苏州河道底泥对磷的吸附量逐渐减小;(2)底泥对磷的吸附过程是一个复合动力学过程,通常包括快吸附和慢吸附两个过程。底泥对磷的快速吸附在2h内快速进行,之后为慢吸附过程,到6h左右,基本达到一种动态吸附平衡;底泥对磷释放的动力学过程也包括快释放和慢释放过程。底泥释放磷在1·5h内快速进行,之后进入慢释放过程,磷酸盐含量基本稳定,达到释放平衡;(3)底泥具有较大的吸附磷的能力。随着上覆水的磷酸盐浓度增高,底泥吸附磷酸盐的量也增加。上覆水与底泥的比值越大,底泥对磷的吸附率越小。     

煤系煅烧高岭土吸油值的影响因素

涂布造纸填料用煅烧高岭土要求有较高的吸油值.本文针对市场上高吸油值煅烧高岭土资源短缺的现状,研究煅烧高岭土吸油值的影响因素,寻求提高煅烧高岭土吸油值的方法.实验以唐山煤系高岭土为原料,在600～1000℃范围内间隔50℃取点,分别煅烧3h.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)观察煅烧高岭土的形貌并鉴定其物相.计算煅烧高岭土的烧失量,并检测其pH值、比表面积、Zeta电位等参数,分析它们对煅烧高岭土的吸油值的影响.结果表明:750℃煅烧的高岭土吸油值最高,可达76.3 g/100 g;煅烧高岭土的Zeta电位、pH值、比表面积等对其吸油值的影响均较为显著,其中比表面积对吸油值的影响最大.     

晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的应用矿物学特征

为了给晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的评价和开发利用提供科学依据,采用XRD、XRF、SEM和白度计等现代分析测试技术,研究了晋北煅烧高岭土用煤矸石的应用矿物学特征。结果表明:1)根据造纸和涂料用煅烧高岭土的国家标准,晋北煤矸石主要可分为3种类型:合格原料、基本合格原料和不合格原料。2)与合格和基本合格原料相比,不合格原料煅烧产物的化学成分中SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃含量以及碱金属与碱土金属总含量都与前者有较大差异。3)合格和基本合格原料主要由高岭石(85%～94%)组成,不合格煤矸石矿物组合为高岭石(30%～60%)+石英(23%～38%)+伊利石(14%～26%),并含少量黄铁矿和白云石等杂质矿物,石英等杂质矿物和含铁矿物是分别导致煅烧产物化学成分和白度不合格的主要原因。4)合格原料中高岭石结晶度较好,主要为不规则片状、书册状和弯曲片状,片表面光滑,片径大小范围较大,为0.05～51.22μm,平均2.80μm,径厚比41.24。     

龙岩高岭土矿物学特征及插层复合物的制备

通过化学成分分析、岩矿鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱和差热一热重曲线观察和分析测试,对龙岩高岭土的矿物学特征进行了研究.结果表明,龙岩高岭土矿物组成简单,主要由高岭石组成,有害成分铁和钛含量很低,自然白度83%～92%,质量好,但高岭石结晶程度不高,Hinckley指数0.42,属较无序高岭石.在此基础上,用醋酸...     

高岭土的深加工与新材料

煅烧高岭土由于晶体结构的改变而引起理化性能的变化，所表现出的性能更加优异。利用高岭土的特殊层状结构，将一些强极性有机小分子插入到结构层间，生成有机插层材料，这种新的复合物将黏土矿物和有机化合物的各自特性有机结合，极大地开阔了高岭土的应用领域和“档次”。以高岭土为原料而开发成功的Sialon材料，由于所具备的优越的力学性能、高温性能及化学稳定性等，在冶金、航空、化工机械和药学等方面显现出了极好的应用前景。地聚物材料是以偏高岭土、碱激发剂为主要原料，具有与陶瓷性能相似的一种新材料。     

氯苯(CB)在粘土上的解吸特征

为探索低浓度乙醇溶液中氯苯(Chlorobenzene,简称CB)在土壤中的迁移行为,以武汉市某化工厂受CB污染土壤为研究对象,设计正交试验,开展了淋洗条件筛选、最佳条件的验证和解吸动力学研究3组实验.优化出的最佳淋洗条件为常温、液土比(mL/g)为25∶1、淋洗液中乙醇体积浓度为10%、淋洗时间为2 h;在最优淋洗条件下,CB的提取率为90%;且CB解吸规律符合Freundlich吸附模型.以低浓度乙醇为淋洗剂修复受CB污染土壤,不仅可实现污染土壤修复的目标,同时还能够保留土壤功能,避免造成二次污染.      

Synthesis and characterization of zeolite X obtained from kaolin for adsorption of Zn（Ⅱ）

This study deals with the synthesis and characterization of low-silica zeolite X, from calcined Kalabsha kaolin, for adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution. The synthesis processes is performed under hydrothermal treatment in alkaline solutions. The obtained zeolite samples are characterized using X-ray diffraction, grain size distribution, surface area, and SEM. The critical molar ratios of both SiO2/Al2O3 and K2O/Na2O are about 2.9 and 0.16, respectively. Those ratios are needed to give individual low silica zeolite X in a minimum reaction time. The adsorption capacity of the synthesized products is determined by adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ) ions from solution. The results suggest that the zeolite obtained could be converted to a beneficial product, which will be used in future as an ion exchanger in removing heavy metals from wastewaters.     

大青山煤田煤系高岭岩稀土元素地球化学特征

采用中子活化法对采自内蒙古大青山煤田石炭-二叠纪煤系的12个高岭岩样品进行了稀土元素(REE)含量测定。结果表明,样品的稀土元素含量变化很大,ΣREE最低31.98×10^-6,最高616.3×10^-6,平均178.6×10^-6,与NASC的173.21×10^-6相近;ΣLREE/ΣHREE介于6.32~46.14之间,平均17.5,明显高于NASC;中—弱Eu亏损,弱Ce正异常。通过不同对比样品(北美页岩、超基性岩、基性岩、中性岩、酸性岩以及偏碱性岩等)所作的标准化分析结果表明,研究样品不具有典型的沉积型泥岩特征;结合薄片鉴定及前人分析结果推论,高岭岩可能由中—基性或偏碱性火山碎屑物质原地蚀变而成,泥炭化所提供的酸性介质条件对火山灰向高岭岩转化以及稀土元素的分异提供了必要的条件。     

页岩气等温解吸特性研究

页岩气以吸附态、游离态和溶解态存在于页岩储层中,其中吸附态为主要赋存状态,考察页岩气解吸特征对于我国页岩气勘探开发研究有着重要的理论指导意义。选取了位于南方海相页岩储区的四川和湖北荆门等地的页岩样品,对其常规地球化学性质进行了分析,结果表明页岩样品有机碳含量较高且发育较为成熟;采用MSB磁悬浮天平等温吸附仪进行等温解吸实验并对解吸速率和解吸效率进行计算,结果表明：30~10 MPa时页岩解吸量很低并且无明显变化;10~05 MPa时页岩解吸量迅速上升,该阶段为主要解吸段;吸附势理论可用于判断页岩气解吸情况和页岩样品解吸性能强弱,吸附势越大越不利于解吸     

Geochemistry and origin of the Cretaceous sedimentary kaolin deposits,Red Sea,Egypt

This work reports, for the first time, the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Cretaceous sedimentary kaolin deposits in the Red Sea area, Egypt and sheds the light on their source. Mineralogical and geochemical analyses of both bulk deposits and the sand and clay fractions of these deposits indicated that they are composed of kaolinite (average of 75 wt.%) and quartz (average of 22 wt.%). Traces of anatase (average of 1 wt.%) were identified in all kaolin samples, while traces of halite (average of 2 wt.%) and hematite (average of 1 wt.%) were reported in the majority of the analyzed samples. The clay fractions show relatively high contents of TiO₂ (average of 2.1%), Ni (average of 103 ppm), Nb (average of 98 ppm), Y (average of 67 ppm), and Zr (average of 630 ppm). Sum of the rare earth elements (ΣREE) in the clay fractions varies between 193 and 352 ppm. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns show enrichment of the light REE relative to the heavy REE ((La/Yb)_N = 9) and negative Eu anomaly (Eu*/Eu = 0.67).     

中国高岭土矿成矿地质特征与资源潜力评价

[研究目的]本文主要对中国高岭土矿开展资源潜力定量评价,指导后期勘查找矿与开发.[研究方法]首先是对中国高岭土矿成矿规律进行研究,按地质成因中国高岭土矿可以分为3种类型:风化型、热液蚀变型和沉积型.然后对中国高岭土矿划分预测类型、总结成矿模式、归纳预测要素,最后对高岭土矿远景区进行划分并估算资源潜力.[研究结果]风化型...     

Sphalerite Chemistry,Niujiaotang Cd—Rich Zinc Deposit,Guizhou,Southwest China

Sphalerite in the Niujiaotang Cd-rich zinc deposit, Duyun, Guizhou is characteristically light-yellow in color with significant enrichment of cadmium which ranges from 0.83% to 1.97% (averaging 1.38%) in concentration in the mineral, corresponding to an enrichment coefficient as high as 30. 47 to 72. 96. In comparison with other major Pb−Zn deposits in the world (the Mississippi Valley deposits, and the Fankou and Jinding deposits in China) the Niujiaotang deposit isn ⁻ n×10 times richer in cadmium. Sphalerite in the deposit is also rich in Ga and Ge, but poor in In, Mn and Fe, suggesting some special mechanisms that govern the geochemical behavior of these trace elements. Except for a minor amount of independent minerals like greenockite, cadmium occurs mainly as isomorphous impurity in the crystal lattice of sphalerite. During weathering and leaching under supergene condition, cadmium was separated from Zn, resulting in some secondary minerals of Cd, including oxides and otavite. This project was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 496-33110) and the Laboratory Foundation of Ore Deposit Geochemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

The mechanisms of paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in hydrothermal solutions

On the basis of an experimental study and thermodynamic calculation, the mechanisms of paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in the hydrothermal system have been studied. At acidic to nearly neutral pH, their chloride complexes are stable, and among them the chloride complexes of zinc are most stable. And the sulfide complexes are the dominant species at nearly neutral to alkaline pH,while the sulfide complexes of silver are most stable. With decreasing temperature, [ Cl^-] ,fO2, and increasing pH, the solubilities of silver, lead and zinc will decrease, leading to their deposition and separation. For sulfide complexes, the concentrations of reduced sulfur and pH are two important factors affecting their stabilities. Complexes of different forms and stabilities respond to the variation of conditions to different extents, which gave rise to the paragenesis and separation of silver, lead and zinc in the whole ore-forming process of dissolution, transport and deposition.     

湖南辰溪仙人湾埃洛石型高岭土的矿物学特征与成因简析

运用化学成分分析、X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、差热-热重分析以及扫描电镜等研究手段，着重研究了湖南辰溪仙人湾高岭土矿的矿物学特征，并结合矿床的地质成矿特征讨论了其成因机制。研究表明，该矿床除有极少量碎屑状石英以及附着于埃洛石外表面的凝胶成因石英外，以10A埃洛石为主，部分为7A埃洛石；埃洛石为形态完整的管状晶体，管长一般为1．0-1．5μm，外径一般0．05-0．1μm。认为该矿床为古岩溶洞穴胶体沉积型埃洛石矿床。     

胡敏酸在高岭土上的吸附行为

研究了胡敏酸在高岭土上的吸附行为 ,并运用X衍射、红外光谱和热重等分析方法 ,对复合前后的高岭土进行分析。结果表明 ,连续洗涤 6次后 ,可获得稳定的胡敏酸高岭土复合体 ;胡敏酸在高岭土上的吸附符合Fruendlich吸附模式 ,Kf 为 0 .85 7;高岭土胡敏酸复合体的红外光谱出现了明显的C—H振动吸收峰 ;吸附行为主要表现为化学吸附 ,发生在铝的表面羟基吸附位上     

Hyperaccumulation of lead,zinc, and cadmium in plants growing on a lead/zinc outcrop in Yunnan Province,China

A field survey was conducted to identify potential hyperaccumulators of Pb, Zn or Cd in the Beichang Pb/Zn mine outcrop in Yunnan Province, China. The average total concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd in the soils were up to 28,438, 5,109, and 52 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. A total of 68 plant species belonging to 60 genera of 37 families naturally colonizing the outcrop were recorded. According to metal accumulation in the plants and translocation factor (TF), Silene viscidula was identified as potential hyperaccumulator of Pb, Zn, and Cd with mean shoot concentrations of 3,938 mg kg⁻¹ of Pb (TF = 1.2), 11,155 mg kg⁻¹ of Zn (TF = 1.8) and 236 mg kg⁻¹ of Cd (TF = 1.1), respectively; S. gracilicanlis (Pb 3,617 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 1.2) and Onosma paniculatum (Pb 1,837 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 1.9) were potential Pb hyperaccumulators. Potentilla griffithii (Zn 8,748 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 1.5) and Gentiana sp. (Zn 19,710 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 2.7) were potential Zn hyperaccumulators. Lysimachia deltoides (Cd 212 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 3.2) was a potential Cd hyperaccumulator. These new plant resources could be used to explore the mechanisms of Pb, Zn and/or Cd hyperaccumulation, and the findings could be applied for the phytoremediation of Pb, Zn and/or Cd-contaminated soils.     

高岭土的深加工及开发应用现状简介

本文简单介绍了高岭土矿深加工及开发应用现状。全文分四部分。１．深加工现状：介绍了精细提纯、微细加工和改性,２．开发现状：介绍了国内外开展现状,３．新技术和新方法：介绍了部分新技术和新方法,４．建议：提出了一些开发意见。     

江苏苏州阳山高岭土矿床中黄铁矿的成因研究

通过对黄铁矿在阳山高岭土矿床阳东矿区的分布、产状及与其共生矿物的生成关系分析,并根据矿物成因学原理,对阳东矿区中黄铁矿的化学成分、晶胞参数、晶体形态等矿物的标型特征的研究,得出该矿区黄铁矿属中低温热液成因,可分为5个世代,热液活动是多期次的,至少5期;黄铁矿的形成为高岭土形成提供酸性介质的条件;高岭土中的黄铁矿不含砷。