鬼招手滑坡的特征及失稳机制

鬼招手滑坡位于“5·12”汶川地震极重灾区彭州市内,是地震4a后暴雨诱发的高速滑坡.剖析了主滑体和堆积区Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的特征;分析了影响该边坡稳定性并诱发滑坡的6大因素,包括地层岩性、河流及泥石流冲刷掏蚀坡脚、暴雨及雨水下渗、断裂及“5.12”汶川地震、地貌、人类工程活动,其中持续暴雨是滑坡主要诱发因素;计算了主滑体抛射初速度为40.41 m/s,运动距离为137m,定义了主滑体的破坏模式为滑移-抛射模式;总结了滑坡的破坏过程,分为坡体累积破坏、坡体启动、坡体运动、坡体堆积稳定4个阶段;对比分析了暴雨和地震诱发的高速滑坡的不同之处,对于地震灾区的防灾减灾工作具有一定参考价值.     

西藏俄拉村滑坡地震动态响应失稳过程

为了研究岩浆岩质边坡在地震作用下的动力响应特征和失稳过程,以西藏俄拉村滑坡为原型建立离散元数值模型,通过输入实测地震动数据,研究该斜坡在地震作用下的动力响应特征和失稳破坏过程。模拟结果表明:(1)俄拉村滑坡失稳过程为:震动拉裂-剪切阶段→"锁固段"剪断贯通阶段→堆积掩埋夯实阶段;(2)水平向地震加速度PGA具有高程放大效应,且在相同高程坡面PGA放大系数较坡体内部大,坡形转折处和坡体凸出部位的放大效应也表现为坡面较坡内显著;(3)水平向地震加速度PGA值自坡体内部向外表现为时而增大、时而减小的节律性规律。研究结果可为岩浆岩质边坡在地震作用下的失稳模式提供依据。     

水库蓄水初期库岸边坡变形特征

为研究水库蓄水过程中库岸边坡的变形特征,以雅砻江某水电站库岸边坡为例,充分利用第一手监测资料进行变形分析,另外再结合Geo-Studio程序(Slope/W和Seep/W耦合)对边坡地下水渗流情况及稳定性进行计算,结果表明:库水位上升初期,库水向坡体由表及里、由前缘向后缘入渗,坡体变形滞后于库水位变化;随着库水位快速上升,库水来不及入渗到坡体内部,故先是库水对坡脚的压重起主要作用,坡体稳定性增大,后期库水入渗到坡体后,库水对岸坡岩土体力学参数弱化起主要作用,稳定性降低;在整个蓄水过程中,坡体变形以蠕变为主。结合数值模拟和变形分析可知,蓄水会导致研究区稳定性降低,但该变化在允许变形范围内,边坡最终仍处于稳定状态。     

皂角沱崩塌形成机制数值模拟

以位于"5·12"汶川大地震震中区的皂角沱崩塌为研究对象,通过对崩塌所处的自然地理、工程地质环境进行野外调查,分析崩塌的发育特征;采用不连续变形分析软件DDA,对坡体失稳崩塌的全过程进行模拟研究。结果表明,斜坡地形放大效应在震中区是客观存在的,具倾向坡外的陡倾控制性结构面的高陡突出地形对地震波具有明显的放大作用。该坡体崩塌失稳模式为:峰值加速度放大→增加的振幅迫使岩体沿陡倾坡外的控制性结构面迅速拉裂→沿滑动面发生崩滑→高速脱离滑源区→巨大的势能和动能驱动块体做长距离运动。通过数值模拟可知,随着斜坡坡高的增大,地震加速度和速度无论是在水平向,还是在竖直向均存在放大效应,但是水平向的放大效应较竖直向更明显;结构面监测点的加速度和速度放大系数相比稳定的坡体要大得多,地震袭来,当遇到陡倾坡外的不连续结构面时,斜坡动力响应强烈,最终危岩体沿控制性结构面发生崩滑破坏。     

双坡面临空岩质边坡滑动破坏模式下的稳定性分析

多数岩质边坡稳定性分析已基本解决了常走向单坡面临空的边坡平面滑动问题。然而,在路堑边坡工程和自然边坡中有很多边坡坡面并不是平面,它包含多个坡面。多坡面边坡包含两个或多个不同走向的坡面。多坡面边坡几何特征不同于单坡面边坡,所以滑动条件也不一样。在赤平投影图上,多坡面的滑动包络线是组成边坡的每个坡面单独投影包络线的组合。为了探讨方便,只讨论了双坡面临空岩质边坡的滑动破坏模式,并将其分为双坡面临空下的平面破坏和楔形体破坏。在赤平投影图上,双坡面滑动区域定义为双坡面边坡滑动包络图中两侧坡面的真倾线之间的面积。如果有一两个节理面真倾向线落在滑动区内,滑动破坏才可能发生。     

西北某坝肩变形体成因机制的离散元数值模拟

通过对西北某坝肩边坡勘探平硐的现场调查,综合分析边坡的基本特征、岩体结构特征、坡体结构特征、变形破坏特征,认为坡体为形成年代比较久远的变形体,在自重的作用下坡体发生缓慢的变形,地震的作用加速了坡体的变形,从而形成了现今的变形体,但坡体未发生整体的失稳。由于坡体变形年代比较久远,故采用离散元数值模拟对其成因机制进行研究。研究结果表明:自重作用下坡体有沿缓倾坡外层面缓慢滑移变形的趋势,在地震荷载的作用下最终诱发边坡发生比较大的变形。坡体在变形过程中经历了启动、高速变形和自稳3个阶段,在启动阶段坡肩位置首先出现拉张裂缝,然后坡体中部出现变形,最后坡脚位置剪出。通过坡体中监测点加速度、速度的研究发现随着高程的增加坡体的加速度、速度放大系数明显增加。     

北京牛口峪污水水库喀斯特渗漏问题研究

位于北京西南57km的牛口峪水库建于奥陶系喀斯特化石灰岩之上。沿着区域性断层强烈的喀斯特作用使得水库发生严重渗漏,并污染了地下水体。根据水文地质条件和对水库渗漏的研究,可得出如下结论:1.牛口峪水库地区石灰岩含水体的特征主要受到牛口峪坡立谷演化过程的控制。地表下5—10m是喀斯特强烈发育带,但是充填在喀斯特裂隙中的红粘土降低了石灰岩含水体的导水性和储水能力。深于地表以下10m处,主要为裂隙含水体。石灰岩中的溶蚀裂隙和小管道沿着F_2断层发育。2.石灰岩含水体中存在着受库水影响较大的浅循环潜水流和深循环裂隙扩散流。3.牛14孔和牛11孔分属于两个水文地质单元,库水向牛11孔方向渗漏的可能性很小。4.库水主要通过表层灰岩体结构遭受破坏的石灰岩裂隙进行渗漏。最主要的渗漏带是牛14孔—牛10孔—马刨泉带,其次是水库—牛7孔—马刨泉带和四副坝坝基渗漏。主坝坝基深层石灰岩体中的渗漏是存在的,但不严重。     

震区泥石流流域内滑坡物源根系固土效应分析

通过室内直剪试验对强震区泥石流流域内的滑坡堆积物源所恢复草本植被的根系进行了固土效应分析,并研究探讨了含水率、含根量对根系固土效应的影响,以及不同植物根系的固土效应差别。结果表明:(1)植被的恢复有利于堆积物源稳定性的增强;(2)恢复植被的坡体,随着含水率的逐渐增加,其稳定性依旧会逐渐增加达到峰值再逐渐变小直至发生破坏;(3)在中华草沙蚕、细裂叶莲蒿和中华山蓼3种植被中,细裂叶莲蒿根系对堆积物源的固土效应最好,其次为中华山蓼,再次为中华草沙蚕。     

汶川县古溪沟“7·10”泥石流形成特征及防治工程的影响

通过对2013-07-10汶川古溪沟泥石流灾害的现场调查,从物源、地形和水源条件入手,分析了灾害成因与形成演化过程。堰塞体失稳补给、坡面泥石流入汇和沟道侵蚀是这场泥石流的三种物源形式,充沛的前期降雨和短历时强降雨是本次泥石流的诱发因素,陡峻的支沟地形促进了泥石流的加速,沿途松散物质补给,导致泥石流流量不断放大,峰值流量最大可达1 063 m3/s。主支沟泥石流呈明显的阵流特征,原因在于各支沟泥石流起动条件不同,沟道中地形条件的差异和防治工程的分布,以及各支沟汇流长度存在区别。泥石流总规模约为100×104m3,防治工程拦挡了60%的泥石流体,并拦截了泥石流中的大石块,降低了出口峰值流量和流速,同时避免了各条支沟泥石流同时到达而流量激增。沟口泥石流峰值流量约为722 m3/s,约40×104m3泥石流冲出沟口,下游泥石流破坏形式以淤埋破坏为主。本研究可为此类面积较大、修建有防治工程的流域泥石流形成和减灾提供参考。     

基于Monte-Carlo方法的边坡稳定性评价

以兰州九洲开发区某边坡为例,采用Slide软件中的Sensitivity Analysis模块,对边坡进行敏感性分析,得出素填土a的重度和粘聚力是影响稳定性的主要因素,而其他岩土体的物理力学性质对计算结果影响不大;利用Probabilistic Analysis模块,进行了基于Monte-Carlo方法的安全系数与可靠度计算,评价了该边坡的稳定性,并与确定性计算结果进行了对比。结果表明:尽管安全系数基本一致,但从破坏概率来说,该边坡在自重状态下,坡体处于稳定状态,破坏概率最大为0.4%;在暴雨工况下,坡体均处于不稳定状态,破坏概率最小为70.3%;而在地震作用下,东段和南段的部分仍可稳定,破坏概率极小,仅为2.7%,评价结论更加可靠和直观,有利于边坡治理方案的优化设计。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,