冷蒸气发生-原子吸收光谱法测定日用陶瓷浸泡液中痕量镉

研究了冷蒸气发生-原子吸收光谱法测定日用陶瓷浸泡液中痕量镉的反应体系。对载气流速、NaBH4浓度、增敏剂加入量和介质酸度的影响,以及基体和共存离子的干扰进行了考察。将该方法与石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行比较。方法简便快速,回收率为94.0%~104.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)小于3.6%。方法具有快速、准确、灵敏度高、经济实用等优点,用于陶瓷浸泡液中痕量镉的测定,结果令人满意。     

二苯硫脲泡塑富集-原子吸收光谱法连续测定化探样品中金和银

传统的发射光谱、化学光谱、泡塑富集分离-原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中的金和银,分析结果不稳定,效率低。本研究提出用50%的王水分解化探样品,负载二苯硫脲泡塑吸附金银,石墨炉和火焰原子吸收光谱法对金和银进行联合测定。在二苯硫脲浓度、吸附酸度、吸附温度、振荡时间等优化的实验条件下,金和银的回收率分别达到97.9%和98.8%,检出限为0.25 ng/g和0.038μg/g,准确度(RE,n=9)为2.0%～14.0%和7.7%～13.3%,精密度(RSD,n=9)为3.1%～12.4%和5.1%～13.2%。经国家标准物质分析验证,测定值与标准值基本相符。该方法实现了在同一份溶液中同时测定金和银,与现行的石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定金、发射光谱测定银的方法相比,称样量达到10 g,样品的代表性显著增加,提高了准确度和精密度,简化了金银分析的程序,化学试剂用量少,分析成本低。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中微量银

对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中微量银进行了研究。样品经四酸溶解,在3mol/L的HCl介质中以EDTA-抗坏血酸溶液作为基体干扰改进剂,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中微量银。方法检出限为0.051ng/mL,精密度(RSD,N=11)5.91%~12.83%。能满足地质样品中w(Ag)/10-6=0.03~5范围内银测定的准确度和精密度的要求。     

氢化物—原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中的砷、锑、铋

氢化物—原子吸收光谱法是测定砷、锑、铋等元素的一种快速、灵敏、准确的分析方法,国内外已有报导。 为了适应大批地球化学样品中砷、锑、铋的分析,本文较详细地研究了用氢化物—原子吸收光谱法在同一份溶液中连续测定砷、锑、铋的仪器工作条件、氢化物发生条件及共存元素的干扰,找出了对砷、锑、铋均为有效的还原抑制体系,拟定了一个简便、快速、灵敏、准确地测定地球化学样品中砷、锑、铋的方法。在选定的条件下,测得砷、锑、铋的灵敏度     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定井水中的钙铁钾镁钠

实验在德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司的Contr AA@300火焰原子吸收光谱仪上进行，仪器配有SFS6分段流动注射和AS52s自动进样器，测定井水中的ca、Fe、K、Mg、Na。在井水样品中加入2mLφ=65％的HNO3和2mL100g/L的LaCl3溶液，以水定容至100mL。待分析样品用Contr AA@300火焰原子吸收光谱仪进行测定。     

XLZ—1型流动注射分析仪的研制与性能试验

本文介绍北京地质仪器研究所研制的XLZ-1型流动注射分析仪。该机主要特点是以8031单片微型计算机做为整机的控制中枢,实现了多道泵、多道阀流动注射程控系统。可以与各种检测仪器如:分光光度计、原子吸收光谱仪、原子荧光光谱仪、离子选择电极等联用。性能试验表明,其精度、稳定性、线性均较好,单流路、合并带、停流分析、异步阀使用性能良好。可完成物质中各种组份的高精度、高速度分析。     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定痕量银的研究

传统的应用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定化探样品中的痕量银,一般采用盐酸-硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸电热板加热溶样,使用铱、铂为基体改进剂,但存在分析流程繁琐、成本高等缺点。相比于电热板消解法,微波消解技术的高压密闭消解和微波快速加热等特点,具有酸用量少、消解完全、消解过程损失少等优点。本文对传统的微波消解和仪器工作参数进行了改良,确定了最佳测定条件。建立了HNO_3-H_2O_2高压密闭消解样品,石墨炉原子吸收法测定水系沉积物、土壤、岩石中痕量银的方法。采用65%的HNO_3和H_2O_2微波消解溶样,加入12 g/L硫脲为介质,消除了基体干扰。方法检出限为0.018μg/g,将所建立的分析方法用于沉积物标准物质(GBW07309、GBW07311)、土壤标准物质(GBW07402、GBW07404)和岩石标准物质(GBW07103、GBW07104)验证,结果显示测定值与推荐值吻合,准确度△lg C(GBW)≤±0.024、RE(GBW)≤±5.71%,精密度RSD(GBW)≤5.97%。该分析方法适用于大批化探样品中痕量银的测定。     

金的气相迁移探索

金能生成单原子蒸气金，也能生成气溶胶金，近年又有人认为存在金的气态分子Ａｕ２。由于纳米物质的熔点和沸点温度低，在于球内部的温度条件下，丰度值极小的金、稀有元素、贵金属及某些化合物将会气化或生成气溶胶，以地球排气作用的方式迁移到地壳的表层或大气中。     

P350微色谱柱在线分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定矿石中痕量金

在王水介质条件下,用自行设计的微色谱柱在线分离富集系统分离富集矿石样品中的痕量金,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法进行测定。在原子吸收光谱仪吸喷溶液的流路上,用P350微色谱柱研究了金的分离富集条件,采用快速吸附和快速洗脱技术,以盐酸溶液为淋洗液,亚硫酸钠溶液为洗脱液,测定一个样品整个分离和测定过程仅需1 min,成功地克服了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定金灵敏度低的缺点。方法的相对标准偏差小于3.2%,检出限为0.078μg/g。与现行离线分离富集方法相比,建立的方法具有高效、快速、成本低廉的优点,经实际样品验证获得了较为满意的结果。     

电化学氢化物发生技术在原子光谱分析领域的应用进展

电化学氢化物发生法（EcHG）是原子光谱仪发展的一种实用气态进样技术。该技术通过采用电化学发生池内的电极反应代替传统化学还原的方法来生成氢化物和汞蒸气。与传统的化学法硼氢化钾（钠）-酸氢化物发生体系相比,EcHG技术仅需要支持电解质,氢化物（汞蒸气）在阴极室内发生后直接导入原子光谱仪的原子化器,在降低分析成本和溶液配制时间的同时,分析过程引入的空白值也大大降低,更加绿色环保。近年来,EcHG原子光谱分析已经从单一的元素总量测定发展到元素形态分析,从微量元素分析发展到痕量超痕量元素分析,发生元素涵盖了砷、硒、铅、镉、锡、锑、锗和汞,应用范围涉及食品、环境、烟草、饲料等实际样品。EcHG技术应用于原子荧光光谱分析,特征元素检出限能够达到0.1 μg/L级（汞为ng/L级）;应用于原子吸收光谱与等离子体发射光谱分析,适用元素检出限能够达到μg/L级,相对标准偏差均小于10%,回收率在90%~110%之间。EcHG技术相关的机理研究也已经起步,这为该技术在原子光谱分析领域的应用提供了理论基础。但是,EcHG技术的分析范围目前仅限于部分元素的无机态,对元素的有机形态分析是本领域发展的难点之一。本文提出,关于电化学氢化物发生的机理研究、电化学流通池结构的优化、形态分析范围的拓展等将成为该技术的重要发展方向。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861