羌塘盆地查郎拉地区中新生代古气候演化初探

通过野外遥感调研和收集整理大量剖面及路线地质资料，讨论了羌塘盆地查郎拉地区气候常量元素、变价元素及微量元素特征；气候沉积物及其分布特征，结合已有的气候指示性古生物化石及岩相古地理资料，首次系统地演绎了本区中新生代古气候特征及其变迁演化史。划分出8个气候旋回，指出晚三叠世为热带亚热带温热半潮湿－潮湿气候，组成第I气候旋回；中株罗世呈热带亚热带半干旱→半潮湿气候的周期性变化，组成第Ⅱ、Ⅲ气候旋回；晚株罗纪经历了热带炎热半干燥→温暖半潮湿和潮湿→炎热半干燥气候的演化，组成第Ⅳ、Ⅴ气候旋回；白垩纪气候早期呈温暖半潮湿，晚期转为半干燥－干燥热带、亚热带气候，组成第既Ⅵ、Ⅶ气候旋回；第三纪为内陆亚热带的干燥、半干燥→高原温凉气候；第四纪曾出现过6次冰期和5次间冰期，新生代总体经历了剧烈而频繁的冷暖波动，气候日益干燥和寒冷。最后简单分析了气候旋回与沉积旋回、构造运动和青藏高原隆升的叠加耦合关系，以及古气候变迁的主因。     

十万大山盆地东部侏罗纪古气候与铀成矿关系

古气候控制着砂岩型铀矿含矿建造的形成,对厘定找矿目的层有重要的指导意义。沉积岩中元素地球化学研究是研究沉积时古气候的有效手段。在总结古气候指示元素含量变化特征基础上,结合十万大山盆地区域构造演化、宏观沉积特征推算了古盐度变化特征,重建了侏罗纪古气候演化。研究表明:沉积旋回转换时往往伴随古气候变化,微量元素含量及比值变化具有旋回性。侏罗纪古水体整体为淡水-微咸水,古气候演化为早侏罗世为潮湿气候,到中侏罗世气候逐渐变为半干旱半潮湿频繁波动,晚侏罗世气候逐渐变为干旱。中侏罗统那荡组发育杂色碎屑岩建造,可作为砂岩型铀矿找矿目的层。     

河北南部石炭-二叠纪古气候演化特征

通过对河北南部的石炭二叠纪含煤岩系的岩石学、矿物学及地球化学等特征的研究表明,河北南部晚石炭世到早二叠世早期气候温暖潮湿,早二叠世晚期逐渐向半干旱气候转变,晚二叠世气候又再次向温暖潮湿转变,气候为半湿半干,至晚二叠世末则变得较为炎热、干旱.整体上研究区晚古生代气候由温暖潮湿向炎热干旱转变,但其中又存在着一定程度的波动.这种古气候演变与华北板块所处位置以及晚古生代古地中海的逐渐闭合有关,同时,华北板块晚古生代发生了多次海侵,这种海水的进退所带来的周期性湿气变化,导致了气候的波动,并于晚古生代末海水最终退出华北板块时,气候变得较为干旱.     

新疆吐哈盆地侏罗纪古植被与古气候及古环境的探讨

通过对新疆吐哈盆地侏罗系孢粉植物群、特殊岩性、泥质岩中的元素和粘土矿物分布规律的研究 ,探讨了古植被、古气候及古环境的纵向演化特点 ,认为研究区内侏罗纪古气候特点是早侏罗世至中侏罗世早期为温暖潮湿的亚热带 ,局部有干旱趋势 ;中侏罗世中晚期为半潮湿、半干旱的温带—亚热带气候 ;从中侏罗世末期开始转为炎热干旱的亚热带气候。     

四川盆地侏罗纪至早白垩世沉积旋回与构造隆升的关系

为弄清四川盆地在侏罗至白垩纪的演化及古气候特征, 对该时期的沉积相及生物特征进行了综合分析.研究证明, 侏罗纪至白垩纪四川盆地周边山系的构造活动可分为两个旋回.早、中侏罗世为第一个旋回, 晚侏罗至早白垩世为第二个旋回.每个旋回的早期多以湖相泥页岩、砂岩夹介壳灰岩的广泛发育为特征, 沉积物颗粒细、厚度较小, 反映出相对稳定的构造背景.晚期则以大套杂色的河流相砂泥岩、巨厚的河流相及洪冲积相砂泥岩、砂砾岩及砾岩的出现为特征, 且厚度巨大, 反映出盆地周边山系强烈的构造隆升.从沉积物及生物特征上分析, 第一个旋回期间, 四川盆地处在一个温暖湿润的环境之下, 而从第二个旋回开始, 总体则以潮湿、炎热的气候为特征      

柴北缘西段古-新近纪古气候演化

古气候是陆相湖盆层序地层形成的主要沉积动力学因素之一.古-新近纪柴北缘西段及周边地区古气候演化过程复杂,目前就古气候演化过程还存在争议,利用地球化学方法对重点井的岩心和岩屑进行元素、TOC和碳氧稳定同位素测定.各古气候指标之间的相关性分析表明:Sr/Ba、Rb/Sr、Sr/Ca、TOC和氯离子含量可作为研究区恢复古气候的指标,δ13C与δ18O不能指示出该区的古气候演化过程.重点井全井段的岩屑氯离子含量分析表明:柴北缘西段古-新近纪古气候经历了干旱-潮湿-干旱的演化过程,从路乐河组到下干柴沟组上段沉积期古气候由干旱逐渐向潮湿的方向演化,呈现了7个旋回,湖盆水体盐度降低,总体来说气候潮湿,水体为微咸水;从上干柴沟组到狮子沟组沉积期古气候从潮湿向干旱方向演化,呈现了12个旋回,古水介质经历了微咸水至半咸水的演化过程.      

长江口砂坝地区全新世沉积与古地理

本文通过对长江口砂坝地区的三个钻孔的岩性岩相结构特征和微体古生物综合分析,在全新世地层中发现有四个沉积层和相应的四个微体化石层。它们分别指示了该地层经历了(由下往上)由滨海—河流相→滨海—河口相→浅海相→河口相的环境演变过程;古气候则显示为从温凉干旱→湿暖略干→暖热湿润→温暖湿润四次波动发展过程:并认为该区全新世地层可以四分,即古全新世、早全新世,中全新世、晚全新世。     

泥质岩氧化物比值与古气候关系探讨

岩石地球化学研究表明,各种氧化物在泥质岩中的含量与分布,受化学风化作用强度的影响,在很大程度上受气候条件的控制。鄂尔多斯盆地地跨陕、甘、宁、晋、蒙五省区,是一个煤、油、气共生的大型沉积盆地,晚古生代—中生代沉积物源主要为花岗岩和变质沉积岩,构造作用平稳,为利用泥质岩氧化物比值丰     

新疆早二叠世古气候

新疆早二叠世古气候可以划分为两个不同的气候区，即准噶尔温带气候区和塔里木热带—亚热带气候区。准噶尔早二叠世的气候特点是间歇性地出现炎热气候，这些气候变化大致可以划出两个气候旋回。塔里木早二叠世由潮湿环境转变为比较干旱的环境，晚期。红层普遍发育。影响准噶尔早二叠世气候的主要因素为全球气候变暖和火山作用。影响塔里木早二叠世气候的主要因素包括处于偏低纬度的地理位置、古特提斯洋暖流、周缘火山活动，海退使整个塔里木运动远离海洋。     

吐哈盆地西南缘水西沟群沉积地球化学特征

对吐哈盆地西南缘区勘探孔不同层位的泥岩元素地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明:不同沉积环境中形成的泥岩,其常量、微量元素质量分数及分布不同。利用泥质岩中常、微量元素质量分数及组合特征,采用聚类分析能很好地识别出不同的沉积环境,特别是10 0%识别出湖泊环境和河流环境;泥质岩中常、微量元素质量分数及组合特征,显示吐哈盆地西南缘水西沟群形成时古环境为温暖潮湿、富氧氧化的淡水湖泊环境。但是,从层序Ⅰ—层序Ⅲ,水体有从半咸水到淡水,古气候由半干热到温暖潮湿的变化特点。      

粤中三水盆地长坑金矿赋金硅质岩特征及形成研究

粤中三水盆地长坑赋金硅质岩主要呈层状分布于下石炭统梓门桥组生物碎屑灰岩与上三叠统碳质泥岩（或下石炭统梓门桥组粉砂岩）之间,厚度1—50m,主要由层状、块状及角砾状硅质岩组成。金矿主要呈细脉浸染状产于角砾状硅质岩中。长坑赋金硅质岩层具纹层状构造特征,在其中发现放射虫、微体古生物化石,角砾长轴与硅质纹层平行分布,含有草莓状黄铁矿,这些特征以及长坑金矿床与富湾银矿床成矿时代等资料都表明长坑金矿赋金硅质岩不是简单热水沉积或热液蚀变作用形成的,而是多次硅化作用的产物,至少经历了热水沉积硅化、成岩硅化、金矿成矿热液蚀变硅化及银矿成矿热液蚀变硅化作用的叠加。热水沉积硅质岩形成富金矿源层,为成矿提供了物质基础。     

新疆昆仑山金陵山一带晚石炭世纺锤虫

金陵山一带发现的晚石炭世纺锤虫类计有8属15种,其中新种3个,未定种3个,可称为Sphaeroschwagerina-Pseudofusulina动物群,与新疆柯坪地区康克林组Pseudoschwagerina带的下两个亚带对比。     

华北晚古生代海平面变化研究

本文通过对华北板块沉积层序的研究，认为晚古生代沉积建造形成于一个二级海平面变化周期内，其中包括４个三级海平面变化旋回，分别发育于晚石炭世早期早时，晚石炭世早期晚时至晚石炭世晚期，早二在世和中二在早期至晚二叠世早期。每个三级海平面变化周期内又包含了若干个四级升降旋回。海平面变化具有全球性和等时住，本区的二级和三级海平面变化可与俄罗斯地台和北美地台等对比。     

西藏林周旁多地区晚古生代层序地层特征

通过详细的层序地层研究，重建了冈瓦纳大陆北缘石炭－二叠纪层序地层序列，在详细的岩相，准层序研究的基础上，划分出2个二级层序和11个三级层序。研究区的含砾细碎屑岩系滨岩浅水冰筏（或浮水）沉积物经密度流再搬运到深水区的产物。旁多群上部滨岸河流相沉积层序的发现，为石炭－二叠纪冰期研究提供了新的沉积岩石学资料。     

Study of the Anisotropic Properties of Argillite Under Moisture and Mechanical Loads

Due to various factors, such as sedimentation, layered morphology of clay minerals, in situ stress, etc., argillite rocks often exhibit anisotropic behavior. In order to study the anisotropic properties of the Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) argillite of the Meuse–Haute-Marne site in France considered as a possible host rock for high-level radioactive nuclear waste repository, a series of tests including uniaxial compression and dehydration and hydration at different constant applied stress levels are carried out. In this study, a specific setup combining moisture and mechanical loading with optical observation is used and it allows to continuously capture surface images from which the full-field strains are determined by using Digital Image Correlation techniques. The results show evidence of the mechanical and hydric anisotropy of the material. The anisotropy parameters are identified, assuming the studied argillite as transversely isotropic. The shrinkage and swelling depend on the applied stress and the angle with respect to the vertical direction of the mechanical load and the stratification plane, and this dependence is quantified. The non-linearity and the hysteresis observed during dehydration and hydration cycles are discussed.     

Radiometric evidence of the Kanimblan Orogeny in southeastern Queensland and the age of the Neranleigh-Fernvale group

Abstract

Conventional K-Ar geochronology and the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar method in which the ratio of radiogenic argon to postassium is determined by measurement of ³⁹Ar produced by neutron irradiation are used to document the occurrence of the Upper Carboniferous Kanimblan Orogeny in the D'Aguilar Block and Beenleigh Block of southeastern Queensland.

Incremental evolution of argon by the heating of an irradiated sample of Neranleigh-Fernvale argillite and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar measurements on two hornblendes from alaskite clasts in the Neranleigh-Fernvale Group suggest that part of this unit may be as young as Lower Carboniferous.     

Sequential Extraction on Oil Sandstones from TZ401 Well——A Case Study on Filling History of Hydrocarbon Reservoir

Sequential extraction was performed on two oil sandstones from the Upper Carboniferous oil columns of TZ401 well.The free oils of these two oil sandstones and a crude oil from the Lower Carboniferous oil column of this well have low ratios of C28/C27+C28+ C29) steranes and gammacerane/C31 hopanes,ranging of 0.11-0.16 and 0.09-0.15,respectively,similar to those from the Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock.However,these two ratios for the adsorbed and inclusion oils of these two oil sandstones are relatively high,ranging of 0.29-0.31 and 0.26-0.40,respectively,similar to those of the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rock.This result demonstrates that the initial oil charging the reservoirs was derived from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rock,whereas the later charging oil was derived from the Middle--Upper Ordovician source rock.     

中天山马鞍桥石炭纪沉积特征及构造意义

出露于中天山马鞍桥、巴仑台北的石炭纪地层属于大塘阶晚期至威宁期碳酸盐和碎屑岩的混合沉积。沉积特征和微量元素标志显示该套地层主体为潮坪-泻湖相沉积,仅顶部为河湖相沉积。砂岩的元素地球化学特征以及骨架颗粒的百分含量均显示,该套地层的蚀源区为岛弧火山岩系和中酸性花岗岩系的中天山微板块。有足够的证据表明该套地层形成于中天山微板块与南天山弧后盆地碰撞的挤压背景,即前陆盆地中,构造和海平面变化是该套充填物的主要控制因素。     

河南商城—固始地区石炭系沉积环境及其构造意义

根据沉积相分析,同时综合分析区域地质资料,笔者提出河南商城－固始地区石炭系及安徽金寨地区梅山群为典型前陆磨拉石含煤建造,其沉积相主要为滨海、潮坪、泻湖、局限台地及砾质辫状河－冲积扇相,代表了统一的石炭纪一二叠纪合肥弧后前陆盆地的南部边缘相,说明大别地块（北大别弧）于早古生代晚期－晚古生代早期即与华北板块碰扪结成一体。     

Geochronology and geochemistry of late Carboniferous volcanic rocks from northern Inner Mongolia,North China: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications

Zircon U–Pb ages, geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data are presented for the late Carboniferous Baoligaomiao Formation (BG Fm.) and Delewula Formation (DW Fm.) volcanic rocks, widely distributed in northern Inner Mongolia, in the northern part of the Xing'an–Mongolia Orogenic Belt (XMOB). The BG Fm. rocks mainly consist of basaltic andesites and andesites while the DW Fm. rocks include dacites, trachytes, rhyolites, pyroclastic rocks and minor andesites. New LA-ICPMS zircon U–Pb analyses constrain their eruption to late Carboniferous (317–322 Ma and 300–310 Ma, respectively). The BG Fm. volcanic rocks are characterized by enriched large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depleted high field strength elements (HFSE), with initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of 0.70854–0.70869 and negative εNd(t) (− 2.1 to − 2.4) values. They have low La/Ba (0.03–0.05), high La/Nb (2.05–3.70) ratios and variable Ba/Th (59.5–211) ratios. Such features suggest that they are derived from melting of heterogeneous sources including a metasomatized mantle wedge and Precambrian crustal material. The DW Fm. volcanic rocks are more depleted in HFSE with significant Nb, Ta, P, Ti anomalies. They have high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.72037–0.72234) and strong negative εNd(t) (− 11 to − 11.6) values which indicate those igneous rocks were mainly derived from reworking of the Paleoproterozoic crust. The late Carboniferous volcanic rocks have geochemical characteristics similar to those of the continental arc rocks which indicate the northward subduction of the Paleo Asian Ocean may have continued to the late Carboniferous. The volcanic association of this study together with the early Permian post-collisional magmatic rocks suggests that a tectonic transition from subduction-related continental margin arc volcanism to post-collisional magmatism occurred in the northern XMOB between the late Carboniferous and the early Permian.