Biotesting in the Assessment of Environmental and Toxicological State of Water Bodies in Lower Don River Basin

The toxicity of river water in the Lower Don basin was studied using biotesting with different biological objects. Water taken from most examined reaches of the Don and its tributaries was shown to exert toxic effect on crustaceans, algae, protozoa, and Rotifera.     

Long-Term Water Level Variations in the Eastern Sea of Azov and in the Mouth Reach of the Don River

Studies of long-term water level variations at marine hydrometeorological stations in the eastern Sea of Azov established a rise in the sea level which accelerated in the past 40 years. Allowance for the tectonic component permitted assessing the average rate of eustatic rise in the level. Oppositely directed long-term level variations were established in the mouth area of the Don River. Water level was found to rise at the downstream gages because of the backwater effect caused by the Sea of Azov level rise and delta deposits subsidence and to drop at the upstream gages mainly because of bed erosion owing to a reduction in sediment runoff after the construction of the Tsimlyanskoe Reservoir.     

Variations in Methane Concentrations in the Water of the Don River and Taganrog Bay under the Effect of Natural Factors

Seasonal and diurnal variations in CH₄ concentration in the water of the Don River and Taganrog Bay are examined, and two maximums are recognized in the seasonal variations. The diurnal variations are shown to be affected by the meteorological conditions.     

珠江广州段水环境问题与保护对策

珠江广州河段是广州市的主要水体,其日趋严重的水污染所导致的水质性缺水,已成为制约广州市可持续发展的一个重要因素.本文通过珠江广州河段的水环境现状评价,分析了珠江广州河段水环境污染的成因,并依此提出了珠江广州河段水环境的保护对策,即加快生活污水处理系统建设,调整工业布局和结构,推行清洁生产,重视畜禽养殖业污水的治理,实施环境水利工程,加大监督和执法力度,加强宣传教育,提高全民节约用水和环保意识.     

Current changes in river water regime in the Don River Basin

The formation and distribution of present-day water resources under the effect of changing climate are studied. Seasonal, annual, and many-year variations in the regime of spring-flood and dry-season runoff of rivers with drainage areas from 2000 to 20000 km², reflecting the zonal landscape-climatic conditions of runoff formation, are considered. It is shown that various and often contradictory demands of water users to water supply distribution over seasons of the year result in that the entire water management complex depends on not only the total volume of water resources, but also on the water regime characteristics of rivers in different phases of hydrological year. It was established that the climate changes recorded in the recent decades radically change the pattern of space and time variations in runoff characteristics.     

Forecast of Water Consumption in the Russian Part of the Don Basin

Water Resources - Methodological approaches to water consumption forecasts are described. Demographic forecast and forecasts of the coefficient of water demand for regions in the Don basin are used...     

Analysis of Time Series of the Ufa River Water Pollution by Benz[a]pyrene

Mathematical analysis of time series is shown to be applicable to assessing the factors governing benz[a]pyrene concentration in the Ufa River water. The contributions of the deterministic and random components to the total benz[a]pyrene concentration. Seasonal increase (October–January, March–April) and decrease (February, May–September) in benz[a]pyrene concentrations in the Ufa River are established.     

Assessing the Degree of Water Compliance with Standards

Water chemistry and properties vary within the boundaries of each quality (pollution) class; its rating within a class is best expressed in the domain of nominal values in the appropriate interval and worse expressed near its boundaries. Methods for evaluating such inconstancy were proposed under models of Taguchi (within an allowable interval) and Harrington (in a wider domain). This is shown to enable the assessment of acceptable and maximal admissible risks of the loss of water compliance with a specified quality class for making justified water-management decisions. A method of point estimate is proposed to simplify the expert characteristic of such risks, its application being of greatest use in multidimensional estimation problems.     

Forecasting Phytoplankton Development in a Designed Low-Head Reservoir on the Don River

Water Resources - The article presents the results of hydroecological modeling of variations of phytoplankton biomass, biogenic substances, and dissolved oxygen concentration in a reach of the...     

Assessment of Metal Pollution in Water and Surface Sediments of the Seyhan River,Turkey, Using Different Indexes

The aim of this study was to assess the level of heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contamination and enrichment in the surface sediments of the Seyhan River, which is the receiving water body of both treated and untreated municipal and industrial effluents as well as agricultural drainage waters generated within Adana, Turkey. Sediment and water samples were taken from six previously determined stations covering the downstream of the Seyhan dam during both wet and dry seasons and the samples were then analyzed for the heavy metals of concern. When both dry and wet seasons were considered, metal concentrations varied significantly within a broad range with Al, 7210–33 967 mg kg^?1 dw; Cr, 46–122 mg kg^?1 dw; Cu, 6–57 mg kg^?1 dw; Fe, 10 294–26 556 mg kg^?1 dw; Mn, 144–638 mg kg^?1 dw; Ni, 82–215 mg kg^?1 dw; Pb, 11–75 mg kg^?1 dw; Zn, 34–146 mg kg^?1 dw in the sediments while Cd was at non‐detectable levels for all stations. For both seasons combined, the enrichment factor (EF) and the geo‐accumulation index (I_geo) for the sediments in terms of the specified metals ranged from 0.56 to 10.36 and ?2.92 to 1.56, respectively, throughout the lower Seyhan River. The sediment quality guidelines (SQG) of US‐EPA suggested the sediments of the Seyhan River demonstrated “unpolluted to moderate pollution” of Cu, Pb, and Zn, “moderate to very strong pollution” of Cr and Ni. The water quality data, on the other hand, indicated very low levels of these metals suggesting that the metal content in the surface sediments were most probably originating from fine sediments transported along the river route instead of water/wastewater discharges with high metal content.     

Erratum to: Contemporary and Scenario Changes in River Runoff in the Don Basin

Water Resources - An Erratum to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0097807821120010     

Optimal Allocation of Water Resources Considering Water Quality and the Absorbing Pollution Capacity of Water

Water Resources - A water resource allocation model coupling quantity and quality is a topic of concern in China. The water resources supply modelling is set up according to the water quality, and...     

Short-Term Forecast of Water Levels in Don Mouth Area Using Hydrodynamic Simulation

Water Resources - The article presents the results of the test operation of a calculation–simulation complex (CSC) for level forecasting in a navigable branch in Don R. mouth area with daily...     

一种水污染的综合控制模型

本文将水质预测及水污染控制措施有机地结合,选取水环境容量和污染指数作为水污染控制的参数,这样,一给对流－扩散水质方程的求解除就是实现本研究目的的关键,本研究彩和的模型在现有的水质模型基础上有所改进,因为其采用四点隐格式对水质进行预测,推求可接给污染物的环境容量值有为保证水质而陷定的污染物浓度值,从而制定相应的水污染控制措施,为整体考虑各种污染物的情况,建议彩和河流的污染指数进而推求综合污染指数,总之,本研究为水质保护提供了科学的计算方法,该法对水污染及污水对河道水质的影响是实用有效的。     

太湖流域水质型缺水问题和对策

在对太湖流域水质状况进行分析的基础上,指出因水污染造成的水质型缺水问题在太湖流域十分严重,正常年份流域优质水资源缺水量在(20-35)×108m3之间. 如今后水质型缺水问题长期得不到解决,有可能影响流域经济社会可持续发展. 针对流域水质型缺水的特点,提出在加强流域水污染治理同时,太湖流域宜选择以长江、太湖和山区水库为主要水源地的长期供水格局,当前要抓紧建设“引江清水通道”,调引长江优质水资源入太湖. 同时鉴于太湖流域水环境承载能力有限的情况,建议流域沿江、沿海、沿杭州湾城镇的生活污水在二级处理的前提下,应实施流域尾水截流外排管道工程.     

Suspended particulate grain size dynamics and their implications for trace metal sorption in the Don River

We examined particle size distributions of suspended particulate matter (SPM); physical and environmental influences on the observed distributions; and relationships between particle size and geochemical partitioning of metals, over the fall and winter period in a small urban river (Don River, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). For this dataset, the majority of particles (80%) in suspension were less than 10 µm in size. In addition, while total SPM concentrations showed a positive trend with increasing discharge (Q); the proportions of particles found within given size classes were independent of both SPM concentration and Q. Temperature was the only measured environmental variable related to the particle concentrations within size classes. As water temperature increased, the concentration of particles in the smallest size class (1–4 µm) decreased, while the concentration of silt and/or algae sized particles (10–50 µm) increased. Increasing water temperatures may promote bacterial attachment to particles and their subsequent flocculation into larger sized particles. Decreasing concentrations of leachable (most labile) Cd, Zn and Mn were associated with increasing concentrations of the largest particles (70–150 µm) in suspension. In contrast, higher reducible (oxides) associated concentrations of Cd, Zn and Mn occurred with increasing concentrations of smaller particles (1–10 µm) in suspension. Both of these trends are speculated to reflect the importance of particle surface area for metal sorption reactions.     

The Interactive Effects of Natural Factor and Pollution Source on Surface Water Quality in the Lower Mekong River Basin,Southwestern Vietnam

Water Resources - Surface water quality could be interactively affected by the natural factor (seasonal variation) and human pollution source (industrial, agricultural, and residential sources)....     

Zooplankton of a Taiga River under Chronic Oil Pollution

Water Resources - The species diversity and the quantitative characteristics of zooplankton in the Vatinskii Egan River have been studied in its middle and lower reaches. The river suffers...