苏皖辽地区新元古代微亮晶构造碳酸盐岩的沉积岩相与环境约束

国内外元古代碳酸盐岩中常见席状、透镜状、脉状和块状等形态的微亮晶碳酸盐岩。微亮晶体宏观、微观边界清晰,内部充填均一等粒结构的方解石微亮晶。宿主岩相以含泥质或粉砂质的细砂屑、粉泥屑灰岩为主,经常与风暴岩共生。微亮晶构造碳酸盐岩发育在缓坡型台地,沉积层序中常见潮汐流、风暴流侵蚀-充填和浪成交错层理与递变层理。微亮晶构造碳酸盐岩发育严格受沉积环境和岩相约束,形成于 (内缓坡深部-中缓坡浅部 )潮下带和环潮坪,风暴浪基面是其发育的最大深度。垂向序列由高频潮下带和环潮坪微层序加积而成,单个微层序顶部通常为环潮坪为纹层状含铁质有机质泥屑碳酸盐岩披盖层,是一个向上沉积动力减弱、沉积物变细和水体变浅的沉积旋回。     

华北苏皖辽新元古代Molar Tooth构造碳酸盐岩的沉积相与环境约束

国内外元古代碳酸盐岩中常见复杂肠状形态的molar tooth构造(MTS)。其宏观、微观边界清晰,内部充填均一等粒结构的方解石(白云石)微亮晶。宿主岩相以含泥质或粉砂质的细砂屑、粉泥屑灰岩为主,经常与风暴岩共生。MTS碳酸盐岩发育在缓坡型台地,沉积层序中常见潮汐流、风暴流侵蚀—充填和浪成交错层理与递变层理。MTS碳酸盐岩发育严格受沉积环境和岩相约束,形成于(内缓坡深部—中缓坡浅部)潮下带和环潮坪,风暴浪基面是其发育的最大深度。垂向序列由高频潮下带和环潮坪微层序加积而成,单个微层序顶部通常为环潮坪纹层状含铁质有机质泥屑碳酸…     

安徽灵璧地区新元古代臼齿构造（徽亮晶）碳酸盐沉积及意义

微亮晶碳酸盐岩是一种发育在前寒武纪尤其是元古代的特殊类型碳酸盐岩,它在结构上与基质有明显区别,是由均一、等轴、多边形的微亮晶方解石组成,个体为5～15μm。安徽灵璧地区微亮晶碳酸盐岩按其成因可分为原地和异地两类。原地微亮晶主要分布于泥晶灰岩、粉屑泥晶灰岩、泥灰岩或泥岩中;异地微亮晶主要发育在粉屑灰岩或砾屑灰岩中。微亮晶碳酸盐岩的岩石学特征指示其形成并发育于稳定克拉通浅海潮下及环潮坪环境,特别是中浅缓坡向上变浅旋回的底部,风暴浪基面是其发育的最大深度。微亮晶碳酸盐岩作为一种具有全球性意义的沉积碳酸盐岩类,具有特定的时限分布范围,这对于提高前寒武纪地层对比精度具有重要意义。     

华北苏皖辽新元古代Molar tooth构造碳酸盐岩的沉积岩相与环境约束

国内外元古宙碳酸盐岩中常见复杂肠状形态的molar tooth构造(MTS)。其宏观、微观边界清晰,内部充填均一等粒结构的方解石(白云石)微亮晶。宿主岩相以含泥质或粉砂质的细砂屑、粉泥屑灰岩为主,经常与风暴岩共生。MTS碳酸盐岩发育在缓坡型台地。沉积层序中常见潮汐流、风暴流侵蚀一充填和浪成交错层理与递变层理。MTS碳酸盐岩发育严格受沉积环境和岩相约束,形成于(内缓坡深部一中缓坡浅部)潮下带和环潮坪,风暴浪基面是其发育的最大深度。垂向序列由高频潮下带和环潮坪微层序加积而成,     

吉林南部通化二道江剖面新元古界万隆组臼齿构造及其沉积特征

吉林南部通化二道江剖面新元古界万隆组广泛发育缓坡碳酸盐岩沉积,其中发育的一种特殊的碳酸盐岩——臼齿碳酸盐岩,近年来引起了中国乃至世界各国地质学家的重视。通过对野外露头的详细观察和描述、室内薄片观察、扫描电镜、能谱分析等测试手段,揭示了二道江剖面万隆组的地层、岩石、臼齿构造(MT)及沉积岩相和沉积环境特征。臼齿构造是特指那些发育在前寒武纪细粒碳酸盐岩中有清晰边界、粒度在0·01mm左右的由等轴或多边形的微亮晶方解石组成的集合体,其形态可分为条带状构造、瘤状构造及棱角碎块状构造。臼齿构造的形成严格受沉积岩相和沉积环境的控制。万隆组由下而上可分为3段第1段下部为发育臼齿构造的纹层状泥晶灰岩、砂屑灰岩及风暴砾屑灰岩,为中—深缓坡沉积环境的产物;上部由浅缓坡相的泥灰岩、钙质页岩、砂屑灰岩与叠层石灰岩组成;第2段为厚层泥晶灰岩和粉屑泥晶灰岩、瘤状灰岩组成的深缓坡相沉积;第3段本剖面未出露。万隆组形成于缓坡沉积环境,其中浅缓坡相可分为4种岩相组合,中缓坡相可分为11种岩相组合,深缓坡相有6种岩相组合。     

一种严格受控于环境和时间的特殊碳酸盐岩——臼齿构造碳酸盐岩

臼齿构造碳酸盐岩是一种具有类似于大象臼齿特征的特殊碳酸盐岩，其微亮晶脉由纯净的、基本等粒的方解石（或白云岩）构成，而基质物质则由细粒的、富泥质的灰岩组成。通过对中朝板块东部吉辽徐淮地区前寒武纪臼齿构造碳酸盐岩研究，结合国外研究资料，臼齿构造碳酸盐岩具有特定的生存时限，目前只在前寒武纪（主要发育在中、新元古代）地层中发现。研究表明，臼齿构造碳酸盐岩发育在缓坡型台地，宿主岩性以富含泥质的粉屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主，位于潮汐流、风暴流影响范围内，为浅潮下和环潮坪环境，潮上带与深缓坡均不发育，具有鲜明的环境和相指示意义。由于缺乏现代相似沉积物，臼齿构造碳酸盐岩的成因还是一个谜，需要进一步研究和探索。      

天津蓟县高于庄组微亮晶(MT)碳酸盐岩的沉积环境及成因探讨

微亮晶(MT)碳酸盐岩是发育在中、新元古代的特殊碳酸盐岩,全球分布广泛,MT构造由纯净、等粒的微亮晶方解石组成.天津蓟县中元古界高于庄组发育丰富的MT碳酸盐岩,并且在浊积岩中发现新的MT类型.详测高于庄组剖面,通过米级旋回类型划分、沉积环境、费希尔图解、扫描电镜、电子探针研究,并结合海平面变化、Sr和C同位素研究表明:原生MT构造主要发育在碳酸盐岩台地潮下型,深水非对称型米级旋回中上部的泥晶灰岩、细粉屑灰岩、钙质泥岩以及浊积岩球体的核心部位;MT碳酸盐岩主要发育在米级旋回海平面上升的高水位时期,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr 值较低(小于0.709 67),δ~(13)C值为(0±1)‰的古海水环境中.     

辽东大连金石滩新元古代碳酸盐岩臼齿构造形态及其沉积环境指示意义

辽东大连金石滩新元古代兴民村组上部灰岩段发育了一系列形态复杂多样的臼齿构造(Molar-tooth struc-ture,简称MT)。通过野外及室内综合研究鉴别出条带状、短直杆状、蠕虫状、细丝状、圆斑状(气泡状、瘤状)和碎屑状6种主要类型,其中以条带状最为发育。MT发育段主要由含砂屑或粉屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩、纹层状泥晶灰岩和含泥泥晶灰岩的韵律组成,系多个向上沉积动力减弱、水体变浅的潮下-潮间带沉积旋回序列。兴民村组MT发育的沉积环境具有一定水深和频繁波动的水动力特点,MT形态受宿主岩石性质的影响和控制。MT主要发育在浅潮下带-潮间带下部沉积微相。不同形态的MT及其组合分别宿主于不同的沉积岩相或沉积韵律,表现了MT形态的指相意义。     

徐州—淮南地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩成因探讨

臼齿碳酸盐岩是一种发育在中—新元古代，由微亮晶方解石组成的复杂褶皱构造，其成因一百多年来一直是个谜。通过对徐州-淮南地区新元古代臼齿碳酸盐岩特征、形成环境、分布时限研究，探讨了臼齿碳酸盐岩成因。该区臼齿碳酸盐岩发育在台地缓坡沉积体系中，可作为潮下浅水环境的标志，其形态在微层序中的分布反映沉积环境，具有重要的环境意义。建立了臼齿碳酸盐岩微相环境模式。快速石化作用形成均匀、等粒微亮晶方解石，是臼齿碳酸盐岩显著特征。现代类似于发育臼齿碳酸盐岩潮下环境没有这样的快速石化条件，它要求更高的超过饱和CaCO3沉淀。臼齿碳酸盐岩在本区分布时限介于850～720Ma间，在Sturtian冰期之前消失，与全球其他地区臼齿碳酸盐岩消失的时限一致，Sturtian冰期改变了海洋化学性质，是臼齿碳酸盐岩消失的根本原因。Sturtian冰期对海洋化学性质的影响，可能是揭开臼齿碳酸盐岩成因机理的一个重要新途径。     

吐哈盆地大河沿地区塔尔朗组细粒沉积岩特征

通过野外露头详细观察、薄片鉴定、X射线衍射分析、微量元素分析等技术,对大河沿地区塔尔朗组细粒沉积岩矿物成分、沉积构造、岩性岩相类型及沉积环境进行研究。结果表明:塔尔朗组细粒沉积岩矿物成分以石英和方解石为主,含少量长石及黏土矿物;沉积构造类型包括较强水动力下的粒序层理、小型交错层理、脉状层理以及静水环境下的纹层状构造;以颜色、矿物成分、沉积构造等因素为依据将细粒沉积岩划分为5种岩相,包括灰黑色薄层状混合细粒岩相、深黑色页状黏土岩相、灰黑色纹层状混合细粒岩相、灰色薄层状粉砂岩相、灰白色页状灰岩相;岩石类型包括碳酸盐岩类、细粒长英沉积岩类、细粒混合沉积岩类3种岩石类型。塔尔朗组细粒沉积岩沉积期温暖湿润,整体上属于还原的半咸水-咸水湖盆的产物。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861