Assessing soil erosion risk in karst area using fuzzy modeling and method of the analytical hierarchy process

Soil erosion is a geo-ecological problem in Southwest China, which can result in karst rocky desertification when it is very serious. The grade delineation of soil erosion risk can be used as a guide for controlling regional and hierarchical soil erosion, and provide scientific references for restraining rocky desertification. Chaotian Town, an area of Karst Mountains and hills in Guilin, northeast part of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, was chosen as the study area. Settlement buffer, roadway buffer, lithology, slope, elevation, and aspect were selected as the main indicators of soil erosion in the karst area. After the indicators were scored by fuzzy modeling, the potential risk of soil erosion was quantified using indicator-weight union method. Five grades of soil erosion risk were delineated based on Geographic Information System. The grades of minimal, low, medium, high, and extreme soil erosion risk accounted for 1.62, 19.46, 52.35, 24.86, and 1.71 %, respectively. As a whole, the soil erosion risk was moderate, because the proportion data of different grades of soil erosion risk were a normal distribution, and about 52.35 % of the study area was in the medium grade. Soil erosion risk was higher in the southeast of the study area and lower in the northwest. Obvious variances have been found in the grade distribution of soil erosion risk, corresponding to different indicators.     

基于层次分析法的绵阳市地质灾害易发性评价

文章阐述了层次分析法应用于地质灾害易发性评价过程及步骤,并运用该方法(AHP)建立地质灾害易发性综合评价的层次分析结构模型及判断矩阵,从而确定了影响地质灾害易发程度因子的权重,建立了地质灾害易发性单灾种评价及区域地质灾害易发性综合评价的数学模型.绵阳市地质灾害易发性评价应用证明,该方法比较合理、有效,具有较高的预测精度,评价结果与实际地质灾害发育区的拟合率大于90%.     

Application of fuzzy logic and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to landslide susceptibility mapping at Haraz watershed, Iran

The main goal of this study is to produce landslide susceptibility maps of a landslide-prone area (Haraz) in Iran by using both fuzzy logic and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) models. At first, landslide locations were identified by aerial photographs and field surveys, and a total of 78 landslides were mapped from various sources. Then, the landslide inventory was randomly split into a training dataset 70?% (55 landslides) for training the models and the remaining 30?% (23 landslides) was used for validation purpose. Twelve data layers, as the landslide conditioning factors, are exploited to detect the most susceptible areas. These factors are slope degree, aspect, plan curvature, altitude, lithology, land use, distance from rivers, distance from roads, distance from faults, stream power index, slope length, and topographic wetness index. Subsequently, landslide susceptibility maps were produced using fuzzy logic and AHP models. For verification, receiver operating characteristics curve and area under the curve approaches were used. The verification results showed that the fuzzy logic model (89.7?%) performed better than AHP (81.1?%) model for the study area. The produced susceptibility maps can be used for general land use planning and hazard mitigation purpose.     

Land suitability assessment for sugarcane cultivation in Bijnor district,India using geographic information system and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process

Land suitability evaluation is prerequisite for assessing the limitations for sustainable land use planning. We used ten site specific criteria (rainfall, texture, drainage, soil depth, slope, distance to major road, distance to nearest sugar mill, erosion hazard, risk of flooding and pH) and applied weighted multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) technique in a geographic information system (GIS) environment to evaluate land suitability for sugarcane cultivation in Bijnor district, India. The weightage of all the parameters was calculated through fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. Sugarcane suitability map was prepared integrating various parameters through weighted overlay analysis. The map was categorized as highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3) and unsuitable (N). The analysis revealed that of the total cultivable land of the district, largest area (61%) was highly suitable followed by moderately suitable (24%), marginally suitable (7%) and unsuitable (8%) for sugarcane cultivation. Nagina, Najibabad and Bijnor sub-districts need attention of land managers and policy makers to remove the limitations and increase the suitability of sugarcane in such areas. Only 7% area was unsuitable for sugarcane cultivation. Slope, soil depth and erosion hazard were the major limiting factors making the land unsuitable for sugarcane cultivation. Therefore, these areas should be given priority for land and soil restoration efforts. The study showed effectiveness of integrated GIS and MCE approach for land suitability analysis of sugarcane.     

The weight of interaction of mining activities: groundwater in environmental impact assessment using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP)

Mining operations threaten the environment if the monitoring and controlling steps are not implemented completely. One of the important methods for control of the environmental situation in the mining district is the environmental impact assessment (EIA) method, which is performed by matrix calculations. In this method, the environmental problem is broken into several parts as the Impacting Factors that is evaluated their influences on Environmental Components by the mathematical calculations. For these calculations, the weight of each Impacting Factor must be evaluated by using comprehensive scenarios that are involved all the predicable environmental issues. Based on literature, it has not been organized a comprehensive scenario about “Interference with groundwater” as an Impacting Factor yet. By consideration of the importance degree of groundwater and its role in supply the drinking water resource, it is felt to demand for an organization a developed scenario in relation with groundwater pollution in mining district. Therefore, the main aim of this study is developing a new scenario to weight the “Interference with groundwater” in EIA matrix. For this purpose, the 8 criteria and 63 subcriteria are defined and their weights are determined using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. The proposed scenario can be successfully evaluated the weight of “Interference with groundwater” Impacting Factor more exactly than the former one, because it considers 8 criteria and 63 subcriteria instead of 2 criteria in the former scenario. Finally, the application of proposed scenario is illustrated by an imaginary ideal case study. Such studies can be used by mining engineers and planners to design an appropriate environmental plan for the mining districts.     

层次分析和模糊数学方法在我国岩溶洞穴旅游资源综合评判中的应用

选择中国西南、华中、华北、东南、东北这五个地区中最具有典型意义的30个洞穴作为研究对象,首先运用层次分析法建立评价指标模型,然后以构造矩阵法确定各指标的权重值,在此基础上再根据模糊数学决策理论,最终确定洞穴旅游资源的隶属等级和得分,并通过SPSS软件绘制资源禀赋和市场条件二维图,分析不同地区洞穴旅游资源的隶属区间。结果发现: 所有分区洞穴的旅游资源禀赋和市场条件都在“一般”等级以上。两个维度的综合评判结果表明: 大部分洞穴的旅游资源都属于“好”和“较好”等级,其中西南和华中地区洞穴旅游资源等级最高,东南地区的都集中在“较好”等级,而华北地区的石花洞、云水洞、崆山洞和雪花洞的旅游资源则分属于“好”、“较好”、“一般”和“差”等级,东北地区的本溪水洞旅游资源为“一般”等级。      

The best available technology for small electroplating plants applying analytical hierarchy process

In this study analytical hierarchy process approach which uses expert’s knowledge, was applied for selection of the best wastewater treatment alternative for electroplating workshops, located in Tehran province, Iran. This method can be applied for complicated multi-criteria decision making to obtain scientific and reasonable results. Four wastewater treatment alternatives including reverse osmosis, nano filtration, ion exchange, and chemical precipitation were evaluated and ranked based on economical, technical, environmental/ social aspects. Each criterion includes different indices such as land area, capital cost, sludge disposal issues, operating and maintenance, local suppliers and warranty, system flexibility, required skilled and non skilled man power safety, and etc. The results showed that reverse osmosis achieved the maximum general profits and can be the best choice. Sensitivity analysis can shows the effect of inputs parameters change on the results. Sensitivity analysis was applied for each criterion. The results illustrated that for economic and technical criterion, chemical precipitation and for environment criterion, reverse osmosis were qualified.     

LiDAR-supported prediction of slope failures using an integrated ensemble weights-of-evidence and analytical hierarchy process

The present study investigates a potential application of different resolution topographic data obtained from airborne LiDAR and an integrated ensemble weight-of-evidence and analytic hierarchy process (WoE–AHP) model to spatially predict slope failures. Previously failed slopes of the Pellizzano (Italy) were remotely mapped and divided into two subsets for training and testing purposes. 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m topographic data were processed to extract nine terrain attributes identified as conditioning factors for landslides: slope degree, aspect, altitude, plan curvature, profile curvature, stream power index, topographic wetness index, sediment transport index, and topographic roughness index. Landslide (slope failure) susceptibility maps were produced using a single WoE (Model 1), an ensemble WoE–AHP model that used all conditioning factors (Model 2), and an ensemble WoE–AHP model that only used highly nominated conditioning factors (Model 3). The validation results proved the efficiency of high-resolution (≤ 5 m) topographic data and the ensemble model, particularly when all factors were used in the modeling process (Model 2). The average success rates and prediction rates for Model 2 that used ≤ 5 m resolution datasets were 84.26 and 82.78%, respectively. The finding presented in this paper can aid in planning more efficient LiDAR surveys and the handling of large datasets, and in gaining a better understanding of the nature of the predictive models.     

Applications of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and analytical network process (ANP) for industrial site selections in Isfahan,Iran

Industrial sites are key factors in urban and regional land use planning. Therefore, determining the location of industrial areas is a critical and complex process for development and success. Industrial site selection aims in identifying the most suitable sites for industry creation, considering a set of influential criteria. Therefore, site selection generally and industrial site selection specifically can be categorised as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem that requires detailed evaluation of various dimensions. This study developed a set of clusters containing 10 selection criteria for industrial site selection in Isfahan metropolitan area, Iran. The relationships between the criteria and clusters were modelled and analysed using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and analytical network process (ANP). AHP and ANP agree in finding distance to water bodies and distance to other industries as the most and least important selection criteria. Four patches have been identified as suitable alternatives for industrial construction. While AHP found Borkhar Patch 1 as the most appropriate alternative, ANP demonstrated the superiority of Ardestan Patch over others. Conducting a sensitivity analysis for the models confirmed both models robustness in industrial site selection decisions.     

模糊层次分析法在地下洞室围岩稳定性评价中的应用

大型水电站地下洞室的建设是一项复杂的系统工程,其中地下洞室围岩的稳定性受众多因素的影响。运用模糊层次分析法原理,把地下洞室围岩的稳定性分析问题层次化,并建立层次结构模型,通过逐层分析比较,将4段地下洞室围岩的稳定性进行了排序。实例表明,模糊层次分析法使定量分析和定性分析相结合,具有很好的可靠性和实用性。     

GIS-based landslide susceptibility zonation and comparative analysis using analytical hierarchy process and conventional weighting-based multivariate statistical methods in the Lachung River Basin,North Sikkim

Natural Hazards - The timely and accurate assessment of casualties is the key for and basis of emergency rescue work after an earthquake. In this paper, through exponential fitting of historical...     

Minimization of environmental risk of landfill site using fuzzy logic, analytical hierarchy process, and weighted linear combination methodology in a geographic information system environment

This paper presents a GIS-based multi-criteria site selection for municipal solid waste landfilling in Ariana Region, Tunisia. Based on the regional characteristics, literature related to disposal sites and waste management, local expert, data availability and assessments via questionnaires, 15 constraints, and 5 factors were built in the hierarchical structure for landfill suitability by multi-criteria evaluation. The factors are divided into environmental and socio-economic groups. The methodology is used for preliminary assessment of the 20-year most useful lifetime suitable landfilling sites by combining fuzzy set theory, weighted linear combination (WLC) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in a GIS environment. The criteria standardization is undertaken by application of different fuzzy membership functions. The fuzzy membership functions shape and their control points are chosen through assessment of expert opinion. The weightings of each selection criterion are assigned depending on the relative importance using the AHP methodology. The WLC approach is applied for alternative landfill sites prioritization. The results of this study showed five potential candidate sites, which are generated when the environmental factors are valued higher than socio-economic factors. These sites are ranked in descending order using the ELECTRE III method. However, the final decision will require further detailed geotechnical and hydrogeological analyses toward the protection of groundwater as well as surface water.     

Evaluating the severity of building fires with the analytical hierarchy process,big data analysis,and remote sensing

Natural Hazards - This study assessed the severity of building fires in 17 villages that comprise Taishan District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. A literature review was performed to discuss the impact...     

基于不确定型层次分析法的边坡稳定模糊评判方法

针对边坡稳定性影响因素众多复杂,且存在模糊不确定性和层次性的特点,首先引入锚固边坡稳定性分析二级模糊综合评判模型,并基于模糊数学理论建立评价指标隶属度确定方法和模糊运算规则,从而建立出锚固边坡稳定性分析的二级模糊综合评判方法;然后,考虑评价指标重要程度取值的不确定性、专家判断的模糊性以及群组决策的优势,建立基于群组决策的不确定型层次分析（AHP）方法确定权重,进而建立出基于AHP的锚固边坡稳定模糊评判方法,最后通过工程实例分析和计算,表明文中方法的可行性与合理性。     

GIS-based vulnerability mapping of the coastal stretch from Puri to Konark in Odisha using analytical hierarchy process

Natural Hazards - The 485-km-long coastline of Odisha, a state in the northeastern part of the Indian peninsula, is potentially vulnerable to several disaster events that take place frequently. In...     

基于层次分析法-模糊综合评价模型的浅层地热能适宜性评价——以山东省昌乐县为例

层次分析法-模糊综合评价模型可有效解决传统评价分析方法难以对模糊概念进行定量评价以及受主观影响较大等问题,使评价结果更加合理、精确。综合选取单一岩体厚度、地下水埋深、含水层总厚度、地层岩性、导热系数、比热容和地温等7个评价因子,运用层次分析法-模糊综合评价模型对山东省昌乐县浅层地热能适宜性进行了评价,将研究区划分为适宜性中等区和适宜性差区,适宜性中等区面积为44.71 km²,适宜性差区面积为10.29 km²。结合昌乐县城市规划,将研究区进一步划分为一般开发区、鼓励开发区、大力发展区和限制开发区。研究区浅层地热能开发利用潜力较大,合理开发利用可带来巨大的经济和社会效益。     

深基坑支护决策的信息熵模糊层次分析模型

在分析深基坑支护体系因素的基础上,综合应用信息论、模糊物元和层次分析理论,建立了深基坑支护决策的信息熵模糊层次分析模型,有效地解决了众多模糊性和不确定性因素影响的深基坑支护方案的多目标优化决策问题,为合理选择深基坑支护方案提供了一条新的途径。     

基于改进的灰关联分析和层次分析法的边坡稳定性研究

边坡的稳定性受到多种因素的共同影响,合理评价和预测其稳定性是边坡研究中亟需解决的课题。提出了基于改进的灰关联分析和3标度的层次分析法（AHP）相结合的边坡稳定性分析的综合方法。由改进的灰关联分析理论,得到边坡稳定性等级的关联度,根据最大关联度准则判断待测边坡的稳定性等级。该方法克服了传统灰关联分析中没有考虑稳定性评价标准中的区间形式的缺点,并利用3标度的层次分析法,对影响边坡稳定的各指标的权重进行了讨论,从而提高了灰关联分析的精度。实例分析表明,该方法能准确反映边坡稳定性状况,证明了方法是合理、有效的     

Application of analytical hierarchy process and least-squares method for landslide susceptibility assessment along the Zhong-Wu natural gas pipeline, China

As one of the major problems of geo-engineering, landslides often influence the safety of linear engineering projects that cross mountainous areas. Therefore, when selecting suitable routes for such projects, it is important to assess their susceptibility to landslides. In this paper, we used a natural gas pipeline in the northeast of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of China as a case study to analyze landslide susceptibility. Based on engineering geological analogy, the analytical hierarchy process, and the least-squares method, a regional landslide susceptibility assessment model was developed and was programmed using GIS ArcEngine components under the Visual Studio.NET environment. The landslide susceptibility along the Zhong-Wu natural gas pipeline from Zhongxian County to Wuhan was assessed based on this model and classified into five levels: very safe, safe, moderate, susceptible, and very susceptible. The high accuracy and prediction capability of the model were confirmed by comparing the model results with past landslide data and performing a prediction test. The results indicated that the assessment model used in this study is reliable and can be used for landslide susceptibility assessment and route selection in other areas.