辽宁太阳紫外线辐射特征及强度预报

利用紫外线观测仪器对辽宁4个地区紫外线辐射强度进行观测,研究了辽宁地区紫外线辐射强度的变化特征;分析了影响到达地面紫外线辐射强度的因子,结合MM5数值模式建立了统计预测模型,建立了紫外线辐射强度分级标准和对人体健康影响的对应关系。结果表明:辽宁地区的紫外线辐射强度,总体上是西、北部较东、南部稍强,但相差不大;紫外线辐射强度具有明显的季节变化,夏季最大、冬季最小。每年5～9月紫外线强度维持在一个较高的水平,日最大值出现在每日的11～14时。夏季紫外线对人体的影响最大,冬季基本无影响。云量的变化对紫外线强度的影响较大。紫外线辐射强度预报模型的预测结果较为理想。     

临沂市紫外线辐射变化特征分析

利用临沂市2004年7月至2005年6月逐日紫外线观测资料,分析太阳紫外线辐射强度指数和等级的年、季、月和日变化特征。指出临沂市日紫外线最大辐射强度为4级的日数为多数,即紫外线辐射指数为7~9的日数占52%,4级以上紫外线辐射主要出现在春夏季节,冬季紫外线辐射较弱,出现4级辐射日数很少且无5级辐射。晴空条件下,冬季太阳紫外线辐射强度日变幅明显小于其他季节,夏季日最大辐射强度出现在12-14时,较其他季节的日最大辐射强度出现时段滞后1小时。     

重庆主城区紫外线辐射强度变化特征分析

研究重庆主城区紫外线辐射强度的变化规律,为业务预报和客观预报方法的研究提供基础。利用2004年3月—2008年2月的实况观测资料,分析主城区紫外线辐射强度的日、月、季和年变化规律。结果表明：重庆主城区日平均最大辐射量出现在中午13时—14时。7月和8月的辐射强度为全年最强,出现辐射等级四级的概率最大;而1月和12月为全年最弱,没有出现过辐射等级高于三级的样本。季节平均辐射强度夏、春、秋、冬依次减弱。2004年和2006—2007年平均辐射强度相当,2005年较弱。     

紫外线辐射强度预报

根据本站逐日总辐射观测资料,计算出紫外线辐射量,然后反查出该量与地面天气要素间的关系,从而根据每天的气象要素预报作出紫外线辐射强度预报.     

宽波段太阳紫外线强度监测仪器的设计和应用

采用ATML89C52，ADC0809等微控制器、集成电路和紫外线Ua、Ub宽波段传感器，结合计算机通讯技术，设计出实时宽波段太阳紫外线强度监测仪器，并用RS232通讯口与PC机组成监测、预报、发报一体化的应用系统。     

紫外线强度的计算及预报方法研究

利用一般常规的辐射观测资料 ,通过经验公式计算紫外辐射的方法 ,讨论了紫外辐射强度的月际变化特征 ,并给出应用实例 ,对开展紫外线强度指数预报有一定的参考意义     

商丘市紫外线辐射与气象因子的关系

利用2003年4月至2006年6月商丘太阳紫外线辐射强度资料及气象资料,分析了商丘市紫外线辐射的月、日变化规律及气象因子对紫外线辐射的影响.结果表明商丘紫外线辐射月际分布是,年初、年底辐射量小,3～9月辐射量大,最大辐射指数为11.4;紫外线辐射的日变化规律显著,基本上遵循正态分布,呈抛物线型变化,早晚辐射量小、中午前后紫外线辐射量大;紫外线辐射强度与总云量呈反相关,与能见度呈正相关,与气温呈正相关,与相对湿度呈反相关.     

紫外线辐射强度预报

根据本站逐日总辐射观测资料，计算出紫外线辐射量，然后反查出该量与地面天气要素问的关系，从而根据每天的气象要素预报作出紫外线辐射强度预报。     

商丘市紫外线辐射与气象因子的关系

利用2003年4月至2006年6月商丘太阳紫外线辐射强度资料及气象资料,分析了商丘市紫外线辐射的月、日变化规律及气象因子对紫外线辐射的影响。结果表明:商丘紫外线辐射月际分布是,年初、年底辐射量小,3~9月辐射量大,最大辐射指数为11.4;紫外线辐射的日变化规律显著,基本上遵循正态分布,呈抛物线型变化,早晚辐射量小、中午前后紫外线辐射量大;紫外线辐射强度与总云量呈反相关,与能见度呈正相关,与气温呈正相关,与相对湿度呈反相关。     

淄博市紫外线辐射强度变化特征分析及预报检验

利用2004年1-12月淄博市逐日紫外线辐射强度观测资料,分析了紫外线辐射强度日变化、年变化等时间分布特征,对2004年7月和11月紫外线辐射强度指数预报结果与实况进行对比分析,讨论预报等级误差情况及原因,并针对影响预报准确率的因素,对现行预报方程的修正进行了探讨.     

南京市紫外线辐射强度的变化及影响因子

利用南京市2005-02—2009-01共4 a的紫外线辐射观测资料,分析了到达地面的紫外线辐射强度的变化特征,并探讨了云、污染物浓度和雾、霾天气等对紫外线辐射强度的影响。结果表明,低云量对紫外线强度的衰减更明显,最大达58.15%,蔽光性云层对紫外线辐射强度的衰减可达71%～80%;紫外线辐射强度与污染物浓度呈负相关,其中与NO2的相关性最好,为-0.39;晴空条件下,严重霾对紫外线辐射强度的衰减率可达20%以上,浓雾对紫外线辐射强度的衰减接近50%。     

太阳辐射各因子的变化对太阳紫外辐射的影响

利用北京地区１９９０年太阳分光辐射的观测资料，计算了影响太阳紫外辐射的各因子的变化所引起的太阳紫外辐射的变化。当臭氧、水汽、气溶胶分别减少５％时，到达地面的太阳紫外辐射将分别增加０．８４％、０．２７％和１．９０％。在分析太阳紫外辐射的变化趋势时，应当全面考虑各个因子的影响。     

Establishing a ultraviolet radiation observational network and enhancing the study on ultraviolet radiation

On the basis of analyzing observational data on solar radiation, meteorological parameters, and total ozone amount for the period of January 1990 to December 1991 in the Beijing area, an empirical calculation method for ultraviolet radiation (UV) in clear sky is obtained. The results show that the calculated values agree well with the observed, with maximum relative bias of 6.2% and mean relative bias for 24 months of 1.9%. Good results are also obtained when this method is applied in Guangzhou and Mohe districts. The long-term variation of UV radiation in clear sky over the Beijing area from 1979 to 1998 is calculated, and the UV variation trends and causes are discussed: direct and indirect UV energy absorption by increasing pollutants in the troposphere may have caused the UV decrease in clear sky in the last 20 years. With the enhancement of people‘s quality of life and awareness of health, it will be valuable and practical to provid UV forecasts for typical cities and rural areas. So, we should develop and enhance UV study in systematic monitoring, forecasting, and developing a good and feasible method for UV radiation reporting in China,especially for big cities.     

大连市紫外线辐射强度分析和预报方法研究

利用大连市2007年8月至2008年8月逐日紫外线观测资料,分析了紫外线辐射季、月和日变化特征及其与相关气象要素的关系。结果表明：大连市紫外线辐射强度具有明显的季节变化,夏季最大,春季次之,冬季最小。各季节紫外线辐射强度的日变化同位相,均为正午呈大致对称分布。无论何季节,日照总时数、14时能见度和太阳高度角均为影响大连市紫外线辐射强度的关键因素。同时,详细分析了雾对辐射强度的影响。并运用逐步回归方法,求得各季节紫外线辐射强度的预报方程,实现了预报的定量化。     

基于紫外辐射测量冰雹的新方法研究

冰雹对农业、工业等会造成很大危害,多年来一直没有一种比较有效、简单的方法来对冰雹进行测量和预测.本文给出了一种利用测量闪电中紫外线的方法进行冰雹的测量和预测的方法和设备,经实验验证,这种方法能够较精确地测量出冰雹存在的类型(非雹云、弱雹云和强雹云),从而为有效地进行消雹作业提供依据.     

Variation Characteristics of Ultraviolet Radiation over the North China Plain简

In situ measured data of broadband solar radiation （Rs） and ultraviolet （Uv） radiation were used to investigate the spa- tiotemporal variation properties of Uv radiation and the ratio of Uv radiation to Rs over the North China Plain （NCP）. Based on the analysis, an empirical model for estimating Uv radiation under all weather conditions in this region was developed. The results showed that the annual Uv radiation over the NCP ranges from 0.38-0.52 MJ m^-2 d^-1. The highest value during the study period was recorded at the Changwu site, which is located near the margin of the Loess Plateau, while the lowest value appeared at the station in Beijing. The seasonal variation pattern of the ratio of Uv radiation to Rs is similar to that of Uv radiation; namely, the highest value appears in August and then decreases gradually until the lowest value appears in November. A small increasing trend in the Uv radiation levels and the ratio of Uv radiation to Rs was observed over the NCP. The evaluation results showed that the empirical estimation model can be widely used to estimate Uv radiation under all atmospheric conditions. The relative error between the modeled and measured daily values were within ± 15%.     

Five years of cloud enhanced surface UV radiation measurements at two sites (in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres)

This is the first paper to report a detailed comparison between ground based measurements of cloud enhanced ultraviolet (UV) radiation at sites located in both hemispheres. The measurements were undertaken at a Northern Hemisphere site (at the campus of the University of Girona in Spain) and a Southern Hemisphere site (campus of the University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia). These sites were chosen as they have both simultaneous sky camera and solar radiation (including UV) measurement campaigns operating for at least 5 years over the same time period. Although hemispheric comparisons of UV radiation are not new, this paper focuses on a study of enhancements, including a comparison of the frequency of occurrence and associated cloud types, at the locations with differing climatology. It is found that although there are commonalities between the sites, such as the correlation of the frequency of enhancements with larger solar zenith angle (SZA) both at Girona and Toowoomba, there are differences too, e.g. the frequency of occurrence of the enhancements, and the type of clouds that produce most enhancements (cirrus at Girona, cumulus at Toowoomba). It is suggested that this is due to the differences in latitude coupled with a large amount of Cirriform cloud, especially corresponding to large SZA, at Girona. Possible explanations for this major difference were examined, with the most likely hypothesis relating to multiple scattering due to Cirriform cloud and the subsequent effect on UV radiation on a horizontal surface at large SZA.     

紫外辐射增强对菠菜种子萌发及出苗的影响

研究了紫外辐射（UA－B）增强对圆叶和尖叶菠菜种子萌发出苗的影响，结果表明，UV－B辐射增强将显著降低圆叶菠菜种子的出牙率和出苗率，延缓发牙进程，出苗速度，影响幼长势，而对尖叶菠菜的影响较小，增强UV－B辐射还能有效抑制菠菜种子发牙时因病菌感染而发生的霉变，并减少幼苗期病虫害的蔓延和发展。