NDVI changes in China between 1989 and 1999 using change vector analysis based on time series data

1 Introduction The land surface has considerable control on the planet抯 energy balance, biogeochemical cycles and hydrologic cycle, which in turn significantly influences the climate system. Therefore, the global environmental change community has paid great attention to the land use/cover change (LUCC). Many researchers have focused on the land cover classification and change by using remotely sensed data. Changes in land-cover are driven by four categories of causes[1]: (1) long-term nat…     

温度与降水变化的小波分析及其环境效应解释——以东北农牧交错区为例

中国东北农牧交错区属于环境变化的过渡区域和敏感区域 ,是最容易感受气候变化的地带之一。该文运用小波分析方法 ,对 5 0年代以来东北农牧交错区典型站点的温度和降水变化情景进行了分析 ,主要分析了其变化的多尺度特征和规律 ;区域和样地分析结果表明 ,降水与温度的时空变化是导致土地退化和环境变化的重要驱动力     

The temporal and spatial relationship between NDVI and climatological parameters in Colorado

This paper describes the spatial and temporal relationship between AVHRR/NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and climatological parameters (temperature and precipitation), which, in some sense, is influenced by topographical factors and land-cover types in Colorado. The correlation coefficients and partial correlation coefficients have been computed pixel by pixel over Colorado in order to analyze the relationship. The temporal variation and correlation of AVHRR/NDVI, temperature and precipitation were analyzed with a sampling method. The study reveals that there exists a close correspondence between monthly NDVI and temperature, which has strong impact from temperature on the changes of NDVI in Colorado. The spatial changes of NDVI are not influenced obviously by the precipitation since these two variables are different from each other in time series in Colorado. The study clearly revealed the spatial variation and its distribution patterns of relationship between NDVI and climatic parameters (temperature and precipitation) in Colorado.     

The temporal and spatial relationship between NDVI and climatological parameters in Colorado

1 Introduction In recent years, many researchers have demonstrated that there are essential and evident correlations between NDVI and climatological parameters (temperature and precipitation). The analysis of correlation between climate forces and time-integrated NDVI over US Northern and Central Great Plains suggested that spatial and temporal variation of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration and growing degree days in growing season are the most important control on grassland…     

2000~2014年黑龙江流域（中国）植被覆盖时空变化及其对气候变化的响应

采用MODIS/NDVI数据,利用Theil-Sen Median 趋势分析、Mann-Kendall 以及Hurst指数方法分析2000~2014年黑龙江流域（中国）植被的时空变化特征、植被变化发展趋势及可持续性特征;应用相关分析法研究了气候变化对植被生长的影响。结果表明,2000~2014年黑龙江流域（中国）植被NDVI指数呈缓慢增加趋势,山区植被覆盖增加显著,东北部平原区植被覆盖持续退化,总体上植被覆盖持续改善能力较弱。植被NDVI对气候响应的季节差异显著,且不同类型植被对气候因子的响应不一致：春季植被NDVI主要受温度影响,夏季植被NDVI主要受降水量影响,秋季林地NDVI与温度正相关、草地NDVI与降雨量正相关。     

基于多种高分辨率卫星数据的TRMM降水数据降尺度研究——以内蒙古地区为例

利用内蒙古地区2001~2010年42个站点实测降水数据作为“真值”,采用LOO（Leave-One-Out）交叉验证、多元逐步回归等方法,构建TRMM（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission）降水数据与地形及气候等要素之间的多元回归关系,在此基础上,利用回归值+残差值的方法,获得空间分辨率为1 km×1 km的TRMM年降水数据,并对降尺度TRMM数据进行精度检验。研究表明：① TRMM数据可用于区域年降水量估计,且与实测年降水量呈显著线性关系;② 通过建立不同年份、不同空间分辨率TRMM数据与其它遥感数据的多元统计模型,研究发现在中尺度下TRMM与观测年降水数据拟合效果较好,且在空间分辨率为0.50°×0.50°时的拟合效果最好;③ 降尺度分析提高了TRMM数据对研究区降水时空特征的描述能力,确定性系数、标准误差和偏差均有明显改善,表明降尺度算法在将TRMM降水数据空间分辨率提高到1 km×1 km的同时,并能提高降水数据的精度。     

1981-2001年青藏公路和铁路沿线土地覆被变化

1 Introduction Land cover change may result in extremely profound influence on regional water circulation, environmental quality, bio-diversity, and the productivity and adaptive capacity of land ecosystem. Meanwhile, it is an important factor affecting r…     

中国东北地区植被生产力控制因素分析

植被生长季长度和生长强度是形态上影响植被生产力变化的重要因子。全球变暖情景下,北半球中高纬度大部分地区植被生长季显著延长并对植被生产力产生正向反馈,而植被生长强度变化情形及对生产力的控制作用并不清晰。中国东北地区属于中纬度温带地区,具有较高的植被覆盖度和丰富的植被类型,探索其植被生长季长度和强度的变化及对生产力的控制作用有利于理解和应对该地区的生态系统变化。以中国东北为研究区,基于1982—2015年长时序遥感植被指数数据（NDVI3g）,利用曲率求导法确定植被生长季开始点（SOS）、结束点（EOS）、生长季长度（LOS）和夏季最大生长季强度（GM）等关键物候参数,然后利用相对重要性（RI）方法定量分析了生长季长度和强度对植被生产力长期变化趋势的相对贡献及时空格局。结果表明：① 研究区整体的植被生产力和生长强度呈现增强趋势,而生长季长度呈现缩短趋势,导致生长强度成为控制生产力变化趋势的主要因素（RI = 70%）;② 在不同植被覆盖区域,生长季长度和生长强度对生产力的影响程度具有显著的空间差异。西部草原区植被生产力受生长强度控制最为显著（RI = 93%）,其次为针叶林（RI = 66%）和阔叶林区（RI = 62%）,农作物区生产力受生长强度影响最小（RI = 56%）。生长季长度对植被生产力的控制在农作物区最为显著（RI = 40%）,在其他区域的影响约为27%~35%。各植被覆盖区生长强度与生产力均为正相关,生长季长度与生产力均为负相关;③ 气候因素（降水、温度）和物候变化均对主要贡献因子生长强度产生影响,其中SOS的变化对生长强度的影响程度和空间范围最为显著,主要表现为SOS推迟促进生长强度增强。本研究基于遥感数据发现1982—2015年间中国东北地区植被生长更加旺盛,但是植被生长活动主要受生长强度的影响,该研究可以为植被生产力变化模拟的参数选择提供新的线索。     

土地利用/土地覆被变化研究:寻求新的综合途径

土地利用/土地覆被变化是很复杂的现象,参与该项目的研究人员要避免“瞎子摸大象”那样的片面性,必须寻求新的综合研究途径。为此,不能简单地沿袭传统土地利用研究的思路和方法,需要不断提出新的研究论题;对土地利用变化驱动力必须有一种普遍的、综合的认识;需要将多个案例研究联结为一个可代表区域空间异质性的网络,需要作多空间尺度的研究,从而将地方尺度和区域尺度的土地覆被动态联系起来;需要发展新的研究方法,并将从农户调查到遥感数据的各种信息综合起来;尤其需要形成关于土地利用/土地覆被变化的综合科学理论框架     

Explaining NDVI trends in northern Burkina Faso

Many studies have shown a ‘greening of the Sahel’ on the basis of analysis of time series of satellite images and this has shown to be, at least partly, explained by changes in rainfall. In northern Burkina Faso, an area stands out as anomalous in such analysis, since it is characterized by a distinct spatial pattern and strongly dominated by negative trends in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The aim of the paper is to explain this distinct pattern. When studied over the period 2000–2012, using NDVI data from the MODIS sensor the spatial pattern of NDVI trends indicates that non-climatic factors are involved. By relating NDVI trends to landscape elements and land use change we demonstrate that NDVI trends in the north-western parts of the study area are mostly related to landscape elements, while this is not the case in the south-eastern parts, where rapidly changing land use, including. expansion of irrigation, plays a major role. It is inferred that a process of increased redistribution of fine soil material, water and vegetation from plateaus and slopes to valleys, possibly related to higher grazing pressure, may provide an explanation of the observed pattern of NDVI trends. Further work will focus on testing this hypothesis.     

国家级自然保护区土地覆盖类型转换趋势

国家为了防止生态系统恶化、保护自然栖息地及其生物多样性,到2010年底已建立2588 个自然保护区,总面积达 149.44×10⁶hm²,超过中国陆地总面积的15%。土地覆盖变化作 为导致生物多样性变化的首要因素,直接影响生态系统的结构和功能。本文选取180个国家级 自然保护,总面积44.71×10⁶hm²,占自然保护区总面积的29.9%,全国陆地面积的4.7%,根 据各保护区的生态系统特征和主要保护对象,将其划分为森林生态系统、草地生态系统、湿 地生态系统、珍稀动物、珍稀植物、地质和古生物遗址、以及荒漠生态系统7类自然保护区类 型,并在此基础上按东北、华北、华东、中南、西北及西南6个大区对其进行空间分析。论文 构建土地覆盖类型转换方向判别指数模型,运用生态多样性模型和斑块连通性模型,对各大 区内各类国家级自然保护区及其核心区、缓冲区和实验区的土地覆盖转换趋势进行计算。结 果显示,在20世纪80年代后期-2005年时段内,180个国家级自然保护区的土地覆盖转换强度 整体呈减缓趋势,西南地区的平均转换强度最大,而华东地区的平均转换强度最小。在各类 国家级自然保护区中,除了森林生态系统保护区外,其他各类型保护区的土地覆盖都存在逆 向转换,但逆向转换速率总体呈减缓趋势。国家级自然保护区的核心区土地覆盖逆向转换的 速度平均为0.16%/10a减少,其土地覆盖景观格局相对于缓冲区的和实验区更为稳定。生态多 样性指数和斑块连通性指数模型计算显示,国家级自然保护区土地覆盖景观格局的生态多样 性和斑块连通性在1995-2005年总体呈上升趋势。另外,各大区国家级自然保护区与非保护区 的土地覆盖转换强度对比显示,保护区土地覆盖转换强度整体上小于非保护区的土地覆盖转 换强度。总之,分析结果表明,国家级自然保护区的土地覆盖转换处于良性变化趋势,尤其是在1995-2005年期间,保护区内的土地覆盖类型及分布逐渐趋于正向转换和稳定态势。     

利用 GIS地理统计模块预测海南岛植被指数季节性变化趋势

虽然采用遥感图像提取的植被指数在空间上能较好的反映作物的状况,但其不能预测植被指数在空间上的变化范围,如果能从整体上了解不同市县在不同季节的平均植被指数值,就可以对该区域整体植被状态进行量化分析,也就可以从大范围内进行植被指数的预测分析.利用地理信息系统(GIS)和地统计学相结合的地理统计分析模块(ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst),根据MODIS遥感数据提取的每季度不同市县平均NDVI植被指数,采用Kriging插值的方法分析了海南岛归一化植被指数(NDVI)季节性变化趋势,并     

1982—2015年中国气候变化和人类活动对植被NDVI变化的影响

基于中国603个气象站的地表气温和降水观测资料以及GIMMS NDVI3g数据,采用变化趋势分析和多元回归残差分析等方法研究了1982—2015年中国植被NDVI变化特征及其主要驱动因素（即气候变化和人类活动）的相应贡献。结果表明：① 1982—2015年中国植被恢复明显,在选择的32个省级行政区中,山西、陕西和重庆的生长季NDVI增加最快,仅上海生长季NDVI呈减小趋势。② 气候变化和人类活动的共同作用是中国植被NDVI呈现整体快速增加和巨大空间差异的主要原因,其中气候变化对各省生长季NDVI变化的影响在-0.01×10 ^-3~1.05×10 ^-3 a ^-1之间,而人类活动的影响在-0.32×10 ^-3~1.77×10 ^-3 a ^-1之间。③ 气候变化和人类活动分别对中国近34年来植被NDVI的增加贡献了40%和60%;人类活动贡献率超过80%的区域主要集中在黄土高原中部、华北平原以及中国东北和西南等地;人类活动贡献率大于50%的省份有22个,其中贡献率最大的3个地区为上海、黑龙江和云南。研究结果建议应更加重视人类活动在植被恢复中的作用。     

中国草原区植被变化及其对气候变化的响应

利用1982~2006年GIMMS NDVI和气象数据,探究中国草原区植被变化及对气候的响应。结果表明,近25 a中国草原区植被覆盖总体呈上升趋势,但季节变化空间差异明显。春季温度对温带典型草原、高寒草甸草原和高寒典型草原植被生长有重要影响,而夏季和秋季温度同样对高寒草甸草原影响显著;夏季降水增多能明显促进夏季温带荒漠草原植被生长。除8月份以外,温带草原5~9月NDVI均与前一个月降水显著正相关;在生长季内,高寒草原NDVI与同期温度显著正相关,但8月份除外。此外高寒草原植被在生长最旺盛时期对降水变化存在1~3个月滞后期。     

1982～2010年中国东北地区植被NPP时空格局及驱动因子分析

应用逐像元线性回归模型方法,整合应用MODIS和AVHRR NDVI数据集,构建1982~2010年覆盖东北地区的8 km空间分辨率的NDVI数据集,进而应用CASA模型估算得到东北地区29 a NPP数据集,模拟精度在75%以上。29 a平均的东北地区植被NPP总量为6.5×108tC/a。植被NPP的分布受植被类型、气候、地形因素的综合影响。NPP地域差异明显,山地区植被>平原区植被>高原区植被,变化最大的植被类型为草地植被。过去29 a间,植被NPP呈显著上升趋势(P<0.01)。气候变化和土地利用变化均是影响植被时空格局的重要因素。     

Thematic land-cover map assimilation and synthesis: the case of locating potential bioenergy feedstock in eastern Ontario,Canada

Insufficient spatial coverage of existing land-cover data is a common limitation to timely and effective spatial analysis. Achieving spatial completeness of land-cover data is the most challenging for large study areas which straddle ecological or administrative boundaries, and where individuals and agencies lack access to, and the means to process, raw data from which to derive spatially complete land-cover maps. In many cases, various sources of secondary data are available, so that land-cover map assimilation and synthesis can resolve this research problem. The following paper develops a reliable and repeatable framework for assimilating and synthesizing pre-classified data sets. Assimilation is achieved through data reformatting and map legend reconciliation in the context of a specific application. Individual maps are assessed for accuracy at various geographic scales and levels of thematic precision, with an emphasis on the ‘area of overlap’, in order to extract information that guides the synthesis process. The quality of the synthesized land-cover data set is evaluated using advanced accuracy assessment methods, including a measure describing the ‘magnitude of disagreement’. This method is applied to derive a seamless thematic map of the land cover of eastern Ontario from two disparate map series. The importance of assessing data quality throughout the process using multiple reference data sets is highlighted, and limitations of the method are discussed.     

洞庭湖流域植被动态变化的小波多分辨率分析

将离散小波多分辨率分析（MRA）应用于归一化植被指数（NDVI）时间序列研究,分解NDVI原数据序列成不同时间尺度的子序列,从而进行植被动态变化分析。针对洞庭湖流域的NDVI时间序列进行多尺度分解,挖掘这些数据中潜在的植被季节性和年际变化,对其进行评估,并结合土地覆盖变化与降水趋势变化分析引起该变化的可能原因。结果表明：小波多分辨率分析能提取洞庭湖流域植被动态的相关信息,如NDVI的年际成分均值、最低值、植被年内变化的振幅、NDVI最大值出现的月份和土地覆盖变化的趋势及幅度,这些信息有效刻画了流域植被动态变化特征。此外,将土地覆盖变化分析结果与降水数据相结合进行分析,发现流域植被覆盖的变化与降水变化有明显的关联性,其中西部地区和西北部地区植被动态变化对降水响应最为明显。但是有些地区降水没有明显减少趋势,而植被覆盖却存在减少趋势,则可能与该地地势较高、城镇化建设等其他因素相关。     

鄱阳湖区2004-2010年水稻种植制度时空变化(英文)

Rice cropping systems not only characterize comprehensive utilization intensity of agricultural resources but also serve as the basis to enhance the provision services of agro-ecosystems.Yet,it is always affected by external factors,like agricultural policies.Since 2004,seven consecutive No.1 Central Documents issued by the Central Government have focused on agricultural development in China.So far,few studies have investigated the ef-fects of these policies on the rice cropping systems.In this study,based upon the long-term field survey information on paddy rice fields,we proposed a method to discriminate the rice cropping systems with Landsat data and quantified the spatial variations of rice cropping systems in the Poyang Lake Region(PLR),China.The results revealed that:(1) from 2004 to 2010,the decrement of paddy rice field was 46.76 km2 due to the land use change.(2) The temporal dynamics of NDVI derived from Landsat historical images could well characterize the temporal development of paddy rice fields.NDVI curves of single cropping rice fields showed one peak,while NDVI curves of double cropping rice fields displayed two peaks an-nually.NDVI of fallow field fluctuated between 0.15 and 0.40.NDVI of the flooded field during the transplanting period was relatively low,about 0.20±0.05,while NDVI during the period of panicle initiation to heading reached the highest level(above 0.80).Then,several temporal windows were determined based upon the NDVI variations of different rice cropping systems.(3) With the spatial pattern of paddy rice field and the NDVI threshold within optimum tem-poral windows,the spatial variation of rice cropping systems was very obvious,with an in-creased multiple cropping index of rice about 20.2% from 2004 to 2010.The result indicates that agricultural policies have greatly enhanced the food provision services in the PLR,China.     

The land use and land cover change database and its relative studies in China

In the mid-1990s, we established the national operative dynamic information serving systems on natural resources and environment. During building the land-use/land-cover change (LUCC) database for the mid-1990s, 520 scenes of remotely sensed images of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) were interpreted into land-use/land-cover categories at scale of 1:100,000 under overall digital software environment after being geo-referenced and ortho-rectified. The vector map of land-use/land-cover in China at the scale of 1:100,000 was recently converted into a 1-km raster database that captures all of the high-resolution land-use information by calculating area percentage for each kind of land use category within every cell. Being designed as an operative dynamic information serving system, monitoring the change in land-use/land-cover at national level was executed. We have completed the updating of LUCC database by comparing the TM data in the mid-1990s with new data sources received during 1999–2000 and 1989–1990. The LUCC database has supported greatly the national LUCC research program in China and some relative studies are incompletely reviewed in this paper.     

准格尔丘陵区小流域土地覆盖变化的模型测算及空间位置转换

基于3个时相的土地覆盖类型图,在GIS的支持下,利用空间模型、数量模型和土地覆盖变化强度指数对内蒙古准格尔丘陵区五分地沟小流域土地覆盖变化进行数量测算,同时以耕地为例进行土地利用类型空间位置变化案例分析。模型测算结果表明：灌木林地、水域、居民点、草地是研究区域转出为其它土地覆盖类型的“敏感”类型；变化强度结果显示,1979-1987年内,草地、沟壑地是变化强度最大的土地覆盖类型；1987-2002年时段内,变化强度较小,反映出人类对于研究区干扰活动的减弱。耕地空间位置转换分析显示,耕地新增面积很大,并呈均匀、离散分布。