混凝土重力坝整体动力特性研究

结合金安桥混凝土重力坝工程的抗震性能研究,对大坝按整体模型和分缝模型分别进行了动力试验。试验中考虑了横缝和动水压力的影响,得到了整个坝体空库、满库时的空间动力特性。并对大坝进行了三维有限元动力分析,与模型试验结果进行了比较,两者符合得较好。     

双曲砌石拱坝的静力和抗震性能分析

采用三维有限元方法,分析了双曲砌石拱坝在不同工况下的变形和应力变化规律,以了解坝体在设计条件下的工作性态和对坝体的抗震安全性能进行评估。结果表明,坝体的应力及变形基本满足承载要求,其结论和成果对于其他同类拱坝结构分析具有参考价值。     

混凝土重力坝FRP片材表面加固抗震性能研究

如何提高混凝土重力坝薄弱位置的抗震性能是国内外大坝抗震研究的热点问题。本文基于等价静力非线性方法,采用考虑混凝土细观非均匀特性的混凝土损伤模型,研究FRP片材表面加固大坝薄弱位置的抗震有效性。以2座不同形态的混凝土重力坝A、B为例,分别进行坝踵FRP片材表面加固研究和折坡处FRP片材表面加固研究,分析加固前后坝体的应力状态、裂缝扩展情况和破坏形态。数值模拟结果表明：坝踵处采用FRP片材加固可以很好地增强坝体的抗震性能,有效地抑制裂缝的产生和发展;折坡处采用FRP片材加固在一定程度上可以提高坝体的抗震性能,下游坝身加固与否对提高大坝的抗震性能影响不大。     

考虑拦污栅-坝体相互作用的混凝土重力坝抗震安全性分析

对考虑拦污栅-坝体的动力相互作用的弹性连接和刚性连接的拦污栅-坝体以及不作耦联分析的拦污栅-坝体这三种不同模型结构形式的动力特性和动力响应进行了比较分析。研究发现,拦污栅的不同模型结构形式对大坝的抗震安全性分析有重要影响,考虑拦污栅-坝体的动力相互作用后,坝体损伤开裂的程度明显加大,坝顶的水平位移响应也明显提高。按《规范》规定的对拦污栅和坝体不作耦联分析的抗震计算方法,所得结果对坝体是偏于不安全的,而如考虑拦污栅-坝体之间的弹性连接,所得结果则是偏于安全的。     

钢管混凝土结构抗震性能的比较研究

分别对钢管混凝土柱及钢盘混凝土柱的5层框架结构进行了抗城性能对比试验研究，从理论上分析比较了两种结构的动力特性、多种地震波输入下的结构加速度反应和位移反应，综合评定了钢管混凝土结构的抗城性能。为该类结构的设计提供了参考数据。     

基于IDA的金安桥混凝土重力坝潜在失效模式研究

为了研究混凝土重力坝在地震动荷载作用下的潜在失效模式,以金安桥碾压混凝土重力坝5号非溢流坝段为例,运用粘弹性边界法和流固耦合法建立了反映重力坝在地震动作用下动力响应特征的坝体-地基-库水抗震分析模型。基于增量动力分析（IDA）法:绘制了以相对位移转角为x轴（损伤指标,DM）和峰值地面加速度为y轴（强度指标,IM）的IDA曲线簇;分析了金安桥大坝在极端荷载作用下的潜在失效模式和其在不同峰值地面加速度下重力坝的损伤破坏过程。结果表明:金安桥大坝在地震动荷载作用下,可能发生功能失效的地方多出现在坝体折坡处、碾压分区交界处、坝踵与坝基交界处、廊道顶等应力集中处。因此,加强对这些区域的抗震防护有利于提高大坝整体的抗震水平。     

SV波斜入射下混凝土重力坝易损性分析

易损性分析是评估不同强度地震作用下混凝土重力坝各级破坏概率的有效方法。目前重力坝易损性分析通常假定地震波为垂直入射,然而在近断层区域,地震波往往是倾斜入射的,地震波斜入射对重力坝地震响应有显著影响。从太平洋地震工程研究中心数据库选取16条地震动记录,采用黏弹性人工边界结合等效节点荷载实现SV波斜入射波动输入。采用增量动力分析方法对地震动峰值加速度进行调幅,以印度Koyna混凝土重力坝为研究对象,以坝顶相对位移为抗震性能指标,建立SV波斜入射下重力坝不同震损等级的易损性曲线。结果表明,与垂直入射相比,相同震损等级和相同地震动强度下,斜入射时重力坝破坏概率减小;当PGA接近重力坝实际遭受的地震动强度时,入射角为15°和30°时破坏概率与垂直入射相比最大减小率分别为27.3%和68.2%;各地震强度下,15°和30°斜入射相对于垂直入射的破坏概率差异值最大分别达36.6%、83.9%。因此,混凝土重力坝抗震性能分析应考虑地震波斜入射的影响。研究结果也可为近断层区域混凝土重力坝安全风险评估提供参考。     

混凝土大坝原型测量及抗震分析

以丹江口大坝、葛洲坝闸墩坝、新丰江大坝和潭岭大坝强震观测为例，介绍了混凝土大坝原型观测中所使用的仪器、测量方法（强震观测和微振观测）及获取的初步成果，扼要介绍了混凝土大坝抗震分析的内容（包括结构动力特性分析、坝体稳定性分析和强度验算）和方法（拟静力法和反应谱法），最后，详细介绍了利用强震记录对新丰江大坝和潭岭大坝进行抗震分析的结果，并由此看出强震观测对于大坝抗震的重要性。     

5跨连续中承式钢管混凝土拱桥抗震性能分析

钢管混凝土拱桥由于桥型优美在城市桥梁中得到广泛应用,对某正在设计的5跨连续巾承式钢管混凝土拱桥进行了动力特性和抗震性能分析,根据该桥的结构特点,建立了’该桥的空间有限元分析模型,计算桥梁的自振特性,基于反应谱方法计算了该桥在横向、纵向水平地震反应,计算结果表明：该桥拱肋的面外刚度相对较小,在桥梁振动中首先出现拱肋的面外振动;桥梁的竖向振动表现为拱肋与桥面的整体竖向振动,其基频明显比拱肋面外振动大;主拱肋的轴力由横桥向地震动控制,其他内力由纵桥向地震动控制;地震作用对弯矩的影响较大,故主拱的内力计算应考虑地震力的影响;在设计计算中除常规关键点应作为控制点外,内外拱连接处也应作为控制点。计算结果已为该桥的抗震设计提供了参考。     

Seismic behaviour of cracked concrete gravity dams

A finite element model of incremental displacement constraint equations (IDCE), based on an existing node‐to‐surface concept, is implemented to deal with dynamic contact surfaces in the seismic behaviour analysis of cracked concrete gravity dams. After verification for sliding, rocking and impact, the IDCE model is applied to study the seismic responses of concrete gravity dams with different profiles and crack locations for a variety of parameters, such as coefficient of friction, water level and type of earthquake, as well as impact damping based on the concept of coefficient of restitution. It is revealed that cracked concrete gravity dams can experience not only sliding and rocking modes, but also the drifting mode in some cases of crack either at the base or at a height. Downstream sliding is normally accompanied by rocking, especially for the cases of crack at a height. Due to rocking and drifting, a cracked dam may still acquire a certain amount of residual sliding even if the effective coefficient of friction is relatively high. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FBG传感器在碾压仿真混凝土大坝模型实验中的应用

光纤光栅传感器(FBG)具有抗电磁干扰、结构简单、测量精度高、长期稳定性好,可以实现实时、在线监测等优点,在传感器领域中得到了广泛的应用。对自行开发的管式光纤光栅应变传感器进行了混凝土梁纯弯标定实验;利用光纤光栅传感器检测了混凝土结构内部的应变变化;应用该种传感器,对在白噪声、正弦波、随机波三种动力荷载作用下碾压仿真混凝土大坝坝段模型结构各个工况下的应变进行分析。结果表明:自行开发的管式光纤光栅传感器应变测量值与电阻应变片测量值符合很好;成功监测了碾压仿真混凝土大坝坝段模型在动荷载作用下的弹性应变和启裂应变,为大坝结构在地震作用下的健康状况分析提供可靠依据。     

Seismic performance sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of gravity dams

Uncertainties in structural engineering are often arising from the modeling assumptions and errors, or from variability in input loadings. A practical approach for dealing with them is to perform sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in the framework of stochastic and probabilistic methods. These analyses can be statically and dynamically performed through nonlinear static pushover and IDA techniques, respectively. Of the existing structures, concrete gravity dams are infrastructures which may encounter many uncertainties. In this research, probabilistic analysis of the seismic performance of gravity dams is presented. The main characteristics of the nonlinear tensile behavior of mass concrete, along with the intensity of earthquake excitations are considered as random variables in the probabilistic analysis. Using the tallest non‐overflow monolith of the Pine Flat gravity dam as a case study, its response under static and dynamic situations is reliably examined utilizing different combinations of parameters in the material and the seismic loading. The sensitivity analysis reveals the relative importance of each parameter independently. It will be shown that the undamaged modulus of elasticity and tensile strength of mass concrete have more significant roles on the seismic resistance of the dam than the ultimate inelastic tensile strain. In order to propagate the parametric uncertainty to the actual seismic performance of the dam, probabilistic simulation methods such as Monte Carlo simulation with Latin hypercube sampling, and approximate moment estimation techniques will be used. The final results illustrate the possibility of using a mean‐parameter dam model to estimate the mean seismic performance of the dam. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic assessment of concrete gravity dams using capacity estimation and damage indexes

A new concept to determine state of the damage in concrete gravity dams is introduced. The Pine Flat concrete gravity dam has been selected for the purpose of the analysis and its structural capacity, assuming no sliding plane and rigid foundation, has been estimated using the two well‐known methods: nonlinear static pushover (SPO) and incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). With the use of these two methods, performance and various limit states of the dam have been determined, and three damage indexes have been proposed on the basis of the comparison of seismic demands and the dam's capacity. It is concluded that the SPO and IDA can be effectively used to develop indexes for seismic performance evaluation and damage assessment of concrete gravity dams. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

有缝重力坝动力非线性数值计算模型及其应用

对于有缝重力坝的分析，基于连续介质力学的界面单元-有限元方法难于比较精确地模拟缝间的接触应力，从而无法合理地估算坝体应力与变形。作者对于多体系统和分区连续介质所发展的非连续变形计算力学模型能够根据接触界面的本构特性及其力学和运动学约束条件精确地再现受力过程中界面相互作用力的传递与非连续变形状态，本文将其应用于有缝重力坝的动力分析。实例数值分析表明该模型的计算结果从定性上讲是合理的，并且为判断坝体缝隙的工作状态与界面应力提供了有力的依据。     

Investigation of the relationship of seismic intensity measures and the accumulation of damage on concrete gravity dams using incremental dynamic analysis

Nonlinear analysis tools are gaining prominence for the design and evaluation of concrete gravity dams. The performance limits of concrete gravity dams within the framework of performance based design are challenging to determine in comparison to those used for the assessments based on linear elastic analyses. The uncertainty in quantifying the behavior of these systems and the strong dependence of the behavior on the ground motion play an important role. The purpose of the study is to quantify the damage levels on a representative monolith using incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). For this purpose, the constitutive model utilized was calibrated first to the existing experimental results to verify the ability of the utilized cracking model to simulate the crack propagation process. Next, the relation between the damage levels on the monolith and the ground motion characteristics was investigated. The results of the conducted IDA showed that the engineering demand parameters (EDP) such as the crest displacement and acceleration showed weak correlation with the damage states. The spectral velocity and the peak ground acceleration were determined to be better predictors for the damage on the monolith. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Incremental dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dams including base and lift joints

The growth in computer processing power has made it possible to use time-consuming analysis methods such as incremental dynamic analysis(IDA) with higher accuracy in less time.In an IDA study,a series of earthquake records are applied to a structure at successively increasing intensity levels,which causes the structure to shift from the elastic state into the inelastic state and finally into collapse.In this way,the limit-states and capacity of a structure can be determined.In the present research,the IDA of a concrete gravity dam considering a nonlinear concrete behavior,and sliding planes within the dam body and at the dam-foundation interface,is performed.The influence of the friction angle and lift joint slope on the response parameters are investigated and the various limit-states of the dam are recognized.It is observed that by introducing a lift joint,the tensile damage can be avoided for the dam structure.The lift joint sliding is essentially independent of the base joint friction angle and the upper ligament over the inclined lift joint slides into the upstream direction in strong earthquakes.     

H形断面钢筋混凝土立体剪力墙的非线性动力响应分析

为了建立统一的动力响应分析模型,本文以NUPEC振动台试验的H形断面钢筋混凝土立体剪力墙为研究对象进行了三维非线性有限元动力响应分析。根据分析结果与试验结果的比较可知,在RC剪力墙到达最大承载力之前由简化模型和一般模型得到的动力响应特性与试验结果吻合较好,荷载-变形关系能很好模拟试验结果。但是,最大承载力之后,由于混凝土开裂、损伤、劣化的急剧发展,较难模拟混凝土开裂、裂缝的开闭及滑移等非线性特性,分析得到的加速度衰减较慢、位移响应较小。基于上述研究成果探讨并提出了进一步改善非线性有限元动力响应分析精度的建议。     

钢筋混凝土开洞剪力墙结构抗震非线性有限元分析

本文以钢筋混凝土开洞剪力墙结构为研究对象，建立了该类结构动力非线性有限元分析计算及该类结构静力非线性pushover有限元分析计算的基本过程，并编制了相应的计算机程序．通过与实验分析结果的比较，检验了本文动力非线性有限元分析计算方法的准确程度，验证了静力非线性pushover有限元分析方法应用于开洞剪力墙抗震非线性性能评估的可靠性。