Mt-field of H-polarization in models with dipping interfaces

u¶rt;um u ¶rt; n¶rt;u mum n -nuuu ¶rt;u um um ¶rt;¶rt; ¶rt; mm. um m u m u m¶rt;.     

Deep seismically active fracture zones in ecuador and northern peru

Summary A system of 8 seismically active fracture zones was delineated on the basis of the distribution of earthquake foci in the continental lithosphere of Ecuador. The position and width of the outcrop, thickness, dip and maximum depth of the individual fracture zones were estimated and correlated with surface geological and tectonic phenomena, volcanism and hydrothermal manifestations. The existence and strike of the fracture zones was independently confirmed by the occurrence of historical disastrous earthquakes.

---

uma 8 uu amu a a aa a auu an¶rt;u a mu muma um a¶rt;a. u n¶rt; nu u uua a nmu, mua, u auaaua m¶rt; a . mau mu auu n¶rt;m¶rt;am a¶rt;u umuu aum mu u nmau nmu, mmu, au uu¶rt;mau nuu.

---

---

Visiting professors at Instituto Geofísico and Facultad de Geología, Minas y Petróleos, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito (Ecuador).     

Approximative ray tracing and the accuracy of earthquake localization in media approximated by block structures

Summary Localization errors made by approximating a given medium by a homogeneous rectangular block model and due to the approximative solution of two-point ray tracing are estimated for four different structures. The separate influence of the individual characteristics of the medium is discussed. The iterative Geiger method supplemented by a generalized inversion of the damped least-squares and Marquardt algorithm is used for localizating five hypothetical hypocentres using 9 stations. Travel times in the original structures, used as input data for localization, are calculated using a special ray tracing system.

---

am uu auauu a annuau a ¶rt; ¶rt; ma u ma ¶rt;¶rt; u annuau m a ¶rt; munau nuuum .

     

The gravitational effect of bodies with variable density

Summary Determination of the gravitational effect of some bodies, the density of which is supposed to be variable in the vertical direction, possibly in the horizontal direction, too.

---

n¶rt;uaumau ma m m, nmm m um mua uu muma anau.

     

The parallactic refraction determined with the aid of meteorological balloon data

¶rt; u n ¶rt; (nmu) muauu m m naaamu auu . am mu uu nu unauu ¶rt;a mu ¶rt; nuu u umuau. am ¶rt; ¶rt;u ¶rt;uua u nuam n uu. ¶rt;m uau u au nm u mnum ¶rt;a. a mm n¶rt;a ±0,1 naaamu auu ¶rt; um amu ¶rt; z=80° u ¶rt; m u ¶rt; =10 (uuaa). u¶rt;um nm u au am[2].     

On surface seismic waves formation

Summary The interpretation of surface seismic waves records is rather complicated as they include a superposition of oscillations of the fundamental mode and higher modes. Besides recorded oscillations depend on spectral characteristics of motions in earthquakes sources. The consideration of these problems is based on results of surface waves two-dimensional modelling [1]³. Some physical ideas about their formation deals with the change of the nature of the oscillation propagating with dispersion. This report represents a condensate of several independent works. , , . , . , . () . .Scientific communication presented to the IASPEI Assembly, Madrid, 1969.     

Heat flow variations in the presence of an irregular contact of different rock type

Summary The effect of an irregular contact of two different rock types on the surface heat flow was analysed for the Zlatý Kopec region in northwest Bohemia. The 2-D geothermal model of subsurface structures was compiled according to measured values of the thermal conductivity and heat sources and by using isobaths map of the metamorphite-granite boundary. The heat flow was computed numerically from the temperature distribution obtained as a finite-difference solution of the heat conduction equation. It was found that the heat flow variation, corresponding to the most probable model, amounts approximately to the half of the actually observed changes. The surface heat flow is affected strongly by the thermal conductivity contrast between the overlying metamorphites and underlying granites and, on the contrary, it is little sensitive to the heat production difference between both rock types. It seems, therefore, that, despite the big heat production contrast observed, the main source of the heat flow variability are thermal conductivity inhomogeneities.

---

¶rt;am uu mama ¶rt; m¶rt; mun n¶rt; a nm mn nm ¶rt; amu am n ana¶rt; uu. a u au mnn¶rt;mu u mnauu u n amu aauauaum — mauu n¶rt; a maa ¶rt;a ¶rt; nunm mm. n nm auma n -am u au mnn¶rt;mu. mam ¶rt;m, m auau mn nma ma a m ¶rt;u, n¶rt;mam nuuum nu a¶rt;a uu. a nm m u um aua mnn¶rt;mu ¶rt; aauu mauuu n¶rt;au u uaauaum, u am, nm a mum auu mnauu ¶rt; muu n¶rt;au. aum, m, m a a¶rt;a au mnauu,a umu auau mn nma m ¶rt;¶rt;mu uma mnn¶rt;mu.

     

Asymmetry in a nearly symmetric dynamo

mam u¶rt;m uu aumuu a m n uamu ¶rt;u nmu umu ¶rt;ua a maum ¶rt;a amu u. a um naa nu nu naama umuu , au a um aumu m n aau umuu mau aum n. aam, m mum au ¶rt;-amu a ma mu aum u u n a aumu m n.     

The field of shortwave radiation in case of A clear sky

Summary A simple method of calculating fluxes and intensities (both spectral and integral) of radiation in the spectral region 0.29–4 in troposphere and lower stratosphere is proposed. This method allows to calculate with satisfactory accuracy the mean radiative regime of real atmosphere and to solve a wide range of problems both atmosphere-optical and thermal with arbitrary receivers of radiation. ( ) 0.29–4 . , .     

Stratospheric ozone variability near the IMF sector boundary

Summary We search for the effects of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) sector boundary crossing (SBC) in upper stratospheric ozone. The SBUV data (Nimbus-7) at the 10, 3 and 1 hPa levels are analysed for latitudes 45° N and 55° N for winters of the period December 1979 to December 1982. An effect of the IMF SBC wos only found at the 10 hPa level. These first results concerning the IMF SBC effect in upper stratospheric ozone are rather preliminary.

---

¶rt;m uu nu mau () nam aum n () a mam. SBUV ¶rt;a (u-7) a nm ¶rt;au 10, 3 u 1a aauum ¶rt; um 45° u 55° . . ua nu¶rt;a ¶rt;a 1979 – ¶rt;a 1982. m uu a¶rt; m a 10a. mu n mam n uuu a mam m n¶rt;aumu.

     

The relation between Gaussian beams and Maslov asymptotic theory

Summary The application of Maslov asymptotic theory in a general 3-D mixed subspace of 6-D complex phase space is proposed to obtain the integral superpositions of Gaussian packets and beams. The ray method and the superposition of plane waves (Maslov method of Chapman and Drummond [7]) are special limiting cases of the above mentioned approach. The same high-frequency asymptotic expansion formulae for seismic body waves were derived previously in [8] using the Gaussian beam method.

---

uu aunmmu muu aa m a n¶rt;nmam mu a nmama n¶rt; ¶rt; nu uma nnuu a nam u n. nnuu nu u m¶rt; m nuau n¶rt;u au n¶rt; n¶rt;¶rt;a. a amm aunmmuu u a n m¶rt; a n [8].

     

On latitudinal variations of temporal characteristics of the VLF chorus in the upper ionosphere

Summary The elements of the VLF chorus, observed simultaneously at a ground station and satellite in polar orbit, can be used to determine the differences in the arrival times of waves and their dependence on latitude. Mostly does not change practically over a wide range of latitudes, however, in some cases it may increase appreciably at low value of L. Model computations of the propagation time, based on the assumption that the source of the chorus is located close to the equatorial plane, have indicated the possibility of explaining the increase in at low latitudes by the presence of a step in the electron density profile close to this plane.

---

a¶rt;u m a u a um nmu nun um nm n¶rt;um amu u nu¶rt;a ma a u u um auum (L). um a a m ¶rt;uana um, m a a¶rt;am aum uu a a L-a. am anmau n¶rt;nuu amua umua naam m um uu a uu uma auu mnu an¶rt;uu m mauu amua nmu.

     

Iterative geophysical tomography

Summary The algorithm of iterative geophysical tomography is presented. The medium is approximated smoothly by means of B-splines. The tww-point problem of ray computation is solved with the aid of paraxial approximation. The parameters of the medium are obtained from the iterative algorithm of minimizing the quadratic form. Two numerical 2-D examples are given.

---

u¶rt; au umamuuu mauu. ¶rt;a annuuaa n nu nu -na. ma na aa a nu nu naaua annuauu. aam ¶rt; n a umamu aua uuauauu a¶rt;amu . am nu¶rt; ¶rt;a 2-D u nua.

     

Some possibilities of predicting radio wave absorption in the lower ionosphere

Summary An attempt is made to show possible ways of predicting radio wave absorption in the midlatitude lower ionosphere using relations between absorption and the intensity of solar ionizing radiation and/or common solar activity indices, and between absorption and f₀F2.

---

aa mu nuau nu a¶rt;u ¶rt;um u u a mu ¶rt; nu u umum uuu uu (uu uu u¶rt;au amumu) u ¶rt; nu u f₀F2.

     

Meteorological interpretation of infrared pictures of the earth from space

Summary This paper considers a number of questions concerning the interpretation of infrared pictures of the earth taken from space. Long period mean statistical values of the contrasts in radiation temperature between the earth's surface and clouds for a number of points in the U.S.S.R. in different seasons have been calculated which makes it possible to conclude when and where clouds against the underlying surface can be detected as well as to formulate the requirements which the instruments mounted on a satellite are to satisfy. The blackness coefficients of clouds at different layers have been theoretically determined, the investigation of the problem of the spectral regions selection for satellite observations has been conducted. The worked out calculation scheme has been used in the solution of the problem of the possibility of satellite detection of such thermal non-homogeneities as sea currents and jet streams in the atmosphere. Examples of the synoptical analysis of the infrared pictures of the cloud cover obtained with the help of the NIMBUS-1 and COSMOS-122 satellites have been considered. , . , , , , . , . , , . , -1 -122.     

Tidal contribution of the satellites to removing the angular momentum of Jupiter

Summary It has been shown that dynamically, on the basis of the distribution of angular momenta, the Jovian system cannot be considered an analogue within the Solar system. The total tidal decrease in the angular momentum of Jupiter and in its angular velocity of rotation have been estimated, as well as the loss of mechanical energy due to tidal dissipation. It has been concluded that there are no dynamical contradictions with the hypothesis of the common cosmogonic origin of Jupiter and of its eight close satellites.

---

aam, m ¶rt;uauu, n an¶rt;u m uma ¶rt;uu, um numa umam aayu um. a a y au ma uma ¶rt;uu numa u z mu z au u—a nuuz mu, ma a nmu au yuu um u—a ¶rt;uunauu. a au, m m ¶rt;uauu azau zunm m zuu aaa numa u z uau u nmu.

     

Normal density earth models

Summary Models of the Earth's density, close to thePREM model, have been derived, they reproduce the external normal gravitational field of the Earth and its dynamic flattening, and are referred to as normal density models. The Earth's surface is approximated by an ellipsoid of the order of the flattening, or of its square. Of the group of normal models sgtisfying the solution of the inverse problem, the normal density modelHME2 is recommended. The spherically symmetric density modelPREM, which was corrected in the course of solving the inverse problem, thus creating the modifiedPREM-E2 model, was used as the a priori information.

---

¶rt; ¶rt;u an¶rt;u nmmu uu ¶rt;uPREM (m. a. a ¶rt;u nmmu), aumau n m u¶rt;mu na¶rt;am auaumau n u. m u annuum am unu¶rt; au. uau amu a ¶rt; mam H==0.003 273 994. ma ¶rt; a ¶rt; ¶rt;m ¶rt;HME2. am anu u a ¶rt; nmmu a unaa ¶rt; a¶rt;ua umua ¶rt;PREM. ¶rt;aam ¶rt;uuau m ¶rt;u n¶rt; aauPREM-E2.

     

Regularization of downward heat flow continuation

Summary Some regularization approaches to downward heat flow continuation from the Earth's surface to the depth of interest are presented, provided the heat transfer is described by the homogeneous steady-state equation. The Fourier transform of horizontal coordinates is used and the relation between the regularization of the heat flow spectrum and the regularization of the heat flow in the spatial domain are discussed. The utilization of an a priori information about the subsurface heat flow is mentioned.

---

¶rt; m zuau n¶rt;¶rt; n¶rt;u u nmz mnz nma n¶rt;nuu, m n mna nuam ¶rt;¶rt; maua au (au anaa). na naau zuma ¶rt;uam u ama ¶rt; zuau mnz nma u uau z nma. nma m nuu anu u n¶rt;nmz mnz nma.

     

Effects of the imf sector structure in the midlatitude troposphere and stratosphere

Summary The data on geopotential heights and temperatures at 7 pressure levels between 1000-10 hPa above Berlin(52.5 °N, 13.4 °E) are analysed for the winters of 1963–1973. No demonstrable effect of the interplanetary magnetic field sector boundary crossing (IMF SBC) is found in the lower and middle stratosphere, but there is a demonstrable effect in the middle troposphere at the 500 hPa level. This effect is less important than the IMF SBC effect in the tropospheric vorticity area index and seems to be of a different type.

---

auum ¶rt;a nnmua m u mnam a 7 nm ¶rt;au ¶rt; 1000-10 a a¶rt; u(52,5 °.., 13,4 °.¶rt;.) ¶rt; u 1963–1973. ua ¶rt;aam m nu mau nam aum n( ) ¶rt;a amu u u ¶rt; mam, ma m a¶rt; ¶rt; mn a 500 a. mm m a, m u¶rt; na¶rt;u aumu am, u am m ¶rt; muna.

     

Heat flow in the upper-silesian coal basin: Re-evaluation of data with special attention to the lithology

Summary The area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin was characterized by generally high heat flow ranging from 60 to 120 mWm^–2, mean 82±16 mWm^–2, which has been difficult to explain. Therefore all published data on the heat flow in this region (n=37) were summarized and re-evaluated. Special attention was paid to the detailed assessment of the lithological structure and the contribution of the individual rock types to the characteristic in-situ thermal conductivity. Also the thermal conductivity of the coal bearing layers was estimated and its effect on the temperature-depth distribution was investigated. The application of the data obtained for the representative thermal conductivity profiles of the whole drilled section considerably reduced the mean heat flow to 70±8 mWm^–2. The latter value is fully compatible with the tectonic structure of the northern part of the Carpathian Frontal Foredeep. Slightly increased geothermal activity compared with the heat flow field of the adjacent part of the Bohemian Massif corresponds to certain deep geological rejuvenation during the creation of the Western Carpathians.

---

a -uu aa aamum nu uuau mn nma (m 60 ¶rt; 120 m.^–2 nu ¶rt; 82±16 m. ^–2), m ¶rt;a ¶rt u. m u u nm a nua ¶rt;a mn nma (n=37) ¶rt; ¶rt;a ua. ua ¶rt; ¶rt;ma aau umuu aa u u mnn¶rt;mu in situ ¶rt; a¶rt; muna n¶rt;. a a mnn¶rt;m m, a ma, a ma u¶rt;aa an¶rt;u mnam nu. nau n mam ¶rt; nuau mnn¶rt;mu m u amu aa nu am uum ¶rt;u mn nm ¶rt; 70±8 m.^–2. a uua n mam mmu u amu anam a nua. m uumu amumu n au mn n nuaa amu aua mmmmuuau amuuauu nu uauu um ana¶rdt; anam.