白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe稀土矿赋矿岩系建造研究评述

白云鄂博特大型铌、稀土、铁矿床,由于其矿物组成的多样性、地质构造的复杂性、成矿的多期性使之成为一类典型稀土矿床,成为研究稀土矿的天然实验室。尽管已有60多年的开采及研究历史,但其含铁及稀土的矿床建造机制仍具争议。本文通过搜集、整理国内外近几年来发表的有关赋矿岩性(白云岩、富钾板岩、富钠岩石及碳酸岩脉)的研究成果,结合笔者的认识,对各种不同观点进行了对比分析和总结,最终提出了白云鄂博碱性碳酸岩-热水沉积岩系的观点,为白云鄂博稀土矿的研究提供一定的参考价值。     

中国北方元古宙沉积岩中自生稀土矿物特征及其意义--以北京、大连地区为例

大连震旦系十三里台组首次发现自生稀土元素矿物独居石后 ,在北京十三陵中元古代长城系常州沟组、串岭沟组和大红峪组又发现了自生的独居石以及其他磷酸盐和硅酸盐稀土矿物。自生稀土矿物的形成和岩石中稀土元素含量较高有关 ;电子探针背散射图像和 P、Th、L a、Ce、Nd、Y等元素面分布图像研究表明 ,沉积岩中的自生稀土矿物与岩浆岩、变质岩和碎屑成因的截然不同。本文首次报道了元古宙长城系常州沟组沉积岩中碎屑锆石边部成岩过程中形成的自生磷钇矿。中国北方元古宙泥砂质碎屑沉积岩普遍具有高稀土组合 ,许多地区都可能存在独居石等自生稀土矿物 ,如天津蓟县、辽西、辽南和宣化等地 ,为利用离子探针 (SHRIMP)确定其同位素地质年代提供了可能。此外 ,本文对比了大连震旦系自生独居石和内蒙白云鄂博矿区东矿的独居石晶形和化学成分的相似性 ,再一次提出中国北方元古宙富稀土地层可能是内蒙古白云鄂博巨型稀土元素矿床的矿源层问题。     

白云鄂博稀土白云岩电磁学特征与影响因素

白云鄂博是全球最大的稀土矿,也是我国著名的铁矿区。稀土白云岩是白云鄂博稀土矿主要赋矿岩体,大部分铁矿也赋存于其中。然而,稀土白云岩的岩石电磁学特征至今没有清楚的认识,影响了电磁法勘探资料解释及稀土白云岩发育规律的认识。本文测量了白云鄂博稀土白云岩、铁矿石样品和部分围岩的岩石复电阻率,为分析岩矿石复电阻率的分布规律和影响因素,还测量了样品的磁化率数据。利用手持XRF分析仪对样品进行成分粗分析,部分样品进行了主微量分析和显微镜下分析。结果显示,矿区岩石电阻率变化范围跨度大,而且相同岩性岩石电阻率差异较大。矿区围岩与矿石(铁、稀土)之间有较为明显的磁化率差异、轻稀土元素含量(LREE:La、Ce、Pr、Nd)差异显著。岩石组分与岩石电磁属性的交汇结果显示,岩石磁化率与岩石Fe₂O_³T含量正相关。镜下分析发现,磁铁矿的分布与联结程度影响白云鄂博铁矿石电阻率。白云鄂博稀土白云岩具有中高阻、甚至高阻特征,岩石中大量发育的高阻矿物是影响其电磁学特征的重要影响因素。岩石电磁学分析为白云鄂博电磁法勘探数据解释和隐伏矿预测提供了重要的岩石物理依据。     

华北陆块北缘西段中元古代与裂谷作用有关的铁、稀土、多金属矿床特征及成因

华北陆块北缘西段狼山—白云鄂博裂谷系中元古代形成的大型多金属矿床,是我国重要的铁、稀土、铜、铅、锌矿产地.矿床为产于沉积岩中热水沉积型多金属矿床.其形成受地层、构造控制,与裂谷作用有着密切的关系.裂谷系内外分支的地质环境及矿床矿种不同,导致矿床特征及成因具有一定差异.白云鄂博铁、稀土矿床为钾、钠、磷等含量较高的热水沉积型,霍各乞铜、铅、锌多金属矿床为与中基性火山岩有关的过渡热水沉积型,东升庙和甲生盘等铅、锌多金属矿床为热水沉积型.文中将对上述矿床分别进行论述.     

华北陆块北缘西段中元古代与裂谷作用有关的铁、稀土、多金属矿床特征及成因

华北陆块北缘西段狼山—白云鄂博裂谷系中元古代形成的大型多金属矿床,是我国重要的铁、稀土、铜、铅、锌矿产地.矿床为产于沉积岩中热水沉积型多金属矿床.其形成受地层、构造控制,与裂谷作用有着密切的关系.裂谷系内外分支的地质环境及矿床矿种不同,导致矿床特征及成因具有一定差异.白云鄂博铁、稀土矿床为钾、钠、磷等含量较高的热水沉积型,霍各乞铜、铅、锌多金属矿床为与中基性火山岩有关的过渡热水沉积型,东升庙和甲生盘等铅、锌多金属矿床为热水沉积型.文中将对上述矿床分别进行论述.     

甘肃天祝干沙鄂博稀土矿与中国典型轻稀土矿矿石特征及选冶性能类比评述

利用甘肃天祝干沙鄂博稀土矿的最新勘查资料,选择内蒙白云鄂博、四川冕宁牦牛坪、山东郗山等3个典型轻稀土矿床,在列叙其资源储量、开发利用情况的基础上,主要从矿石特征、选冶性能两个方面进行了类比,认为天祝干沙鄂博稀土矿为单一轻稀土矿。主要稀土矿物氟碳钙铈矿的矿物粒度及解离度、矿石主组分REO品位等质量特征和矿石的选矿回收率、稀土精矿品位等选矿指标不及白云鄂博、牦牛坪和郗山,开发前应开展进一步的选冶性能及预可行性研究。     

白云鄂博稀土矿床中稀土伴生钍资源的分布特征研究

白云鄂博铌稀土矿位于华北板块北缘,白云鄂博裂谷带中,宽沟背斜南翼。矿床东西长18 km,南北宽2~3 km。白云鄂博矿矿床最早作为铁矿体于1927年被丁道衡发现;随后在1934年,何作霖教授在主矿体中发现了稀土矿产;1944年,黄春江发现了东矿和西矿。 解放后,241地质队对主矿、东矿和西矿进行详细的地质勘探工作,向国家提交了铁矿和稀土矿储量及品位。白云鄂博矿床作为国内最大的铁稀土矿床,长期以来一直作为铁矿在开采,其稀土资源的利用率也仅仅为百分之十左右,而矿床中的钍资源的利用率几乎为零。     

白云鄂博洋板块地质与成矿作用初探

提出全球规模最大的白云鄂博稀土矿受亚洲洋向华北克拉通北缘俯冲的洋板块地质演化控制.探讨了白云鄂博地区亚洲洋洋板块地质构造发育过程、亚洲洋向华北克拉通北缘俯冲过程中相继发育的新元古代,早、晚古生代俯冲增生杂岩带的地质构造特征.探讨了白云鄂博稀土矿成因,认为稀土矿成矿碳酸岩岩浆产在华北克拉通北缘的所谓特殊的远端弧后构造环境（far backarc settings）,也有人称为远离弧后背景或者变形的大陆边缘环境（deformed continental margins）,不在大洋俯冲过程中发育的岩浆弧环境中.相对于大陆边缘弧,远端弧后构造环境位于向克拉通或向弧后更远的位置,它是控制白云鄂博深部成矿物质向浅部地表运移聚集成大型矿床、矿集区的关键储运空间.远端弧后构造环境远离大洋汇聚带或俯冲带向大陆或向弧后位置的克拉通边缘上,即在华北克拉通北缘岩石圈与亚洲洋造山带的岩石圈分界上的伸展构造中,受大规模岩石圈不连续系统或深切岩石圈的断裂带系统控制.成矿碳酸岩岩浆可能来自携带大量铁与REE的亚洲洋洋壳沉积物,于晚元古-早古生代向华北克拉通俯冲消减到华北克拉通陆下岩石圈地幔SCLM深循环过程中,在深切华北克拉通边缘的岩石圈的不连续构造系统中出溶形成岩浆碳酸岩及其携带的REE矿床.      

白云鄂博铁-稀土-铌矿床成因模型新解

<正>"中东有石油,中国有稀土",中国的稀土,指的就是著名的白云鄂博矿床。白云鄂博地质学研究将近一个世纪,在矿床成因、成矿元素富集机制、成矿流体、成矿时代、赋矿白云岩成因以及控矿构造研究等方面,不同学者、流派提出了众多认识和见解,时至今日,依然没有达成共识。本文利用地质统计学、元素空间富集规律的变异函数模型、原位LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析、最新深部钻孔资料岩相学分析、流体包裹体研究资料,重新厘定了白云鄂博成因模型,提出白云鄂博铁、稀土矿是     

华北陆块北缘西段中元古代与裂谷作用有关的铁、稀土、多金属矿床特征及成因

华北陆块北缘西段狼山—白云鄂博裂谷系中元古代形成的大型多金属矿床 ,是我国重要的铁、稀土、铜、铅、锌矿产地。矿床为产于沉积岩中热水沉积型多金属矿床。其形成受地层、构造控制 ,与裂谷作用有着密切的关系。裂谷系内外分支的地质环境及矿床矿种不同 ,导致矿床特征及成因具有一定差异。白云鄂博铁、稀土矿床为钾、钠、磷等含量较高的热水沉积型 ,霍各乞铜、铅、锌多金属矿床为与中基性火山岩有关的过渡热水沉积型 ,东升庙和甲生盘等铅、锌多金属矿床为热水沉积型。文中将对上述矿床分别进行论述。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)