水—岩化学平衡模拟中误差传递及灵敏度分析

以水－岩化学平衡模型ＷＡＴＥＱ４Ｆ为基础程序,选取平顶山矿区一典型岩溶水点,对固定温度和变化温度两种情况下,水－岩化学平衡模拟输入的水化学分析数据误差传递进行了研究,结果表明,水化学分析数据误差能够强烈地影响水－岩化学平衡模拟结果;不同的水化学变量（误差）对不同的矿物的饱和指数的影响程度不同,在许多情况下,矿物饱和指数误差是随温度变化而变化的。     

山西柳林泉域水-岩相互作用地球化学模拟

简述了反向地球化学模拟软件ＮＥＴＰＡＴＨ２．０的结构及功能,并用其成功地模拟了山西省柳林泉域岩溶地下水系统中的水－岩相互作用,定量评价了岩溶地下水在地表水渗漏的影响下经历了地球化学作用及不同流径地下水的混合比例。     

水文地球化学模型研究进展

水文地球化学模型是目前水文地球化学研究的重要工具,通过模拟可以确定地下水系统中的水化学演化过程,揭示地球深部的水循环机理。同位素方法的使用、模型的完善及模拟程序的不断升级,使得模拟工作得到进一步发展。本文重点概述了水文地球化学的主要模型:组分分布模型、质量平衡模型和反应路径模型。近几年中,在放射性废物处置、地下水中有机污染影响及垃圾填埋场渗滤液迁移方面,水文地球化学模型得到了很好的应用。考虑环境问题以及与水动力学模型耦合是水文地球化学模型今后的发展方面。     

水文地球化学模拟研究的现状

水文地球化学模拟是研究地质生态，地下水污染的一种新的方法，是多学科综合研究的产物，通过各种不同的水文地球化学模型，可以定量模拟各种自然过程和人类活动影响下水－岩相互作用及地下水中污染质的运移过程，预测地下水污染的发生，发展趋势，指导地地下水的监测，保护及合理开采，是地下水管理中不可缺少的一部分。综述了有关水文地球化学模拟研究的现状，对水溶液组分平衡的地球化学模型，地下水溶质运移模型，耦合水化学模型     

贵阳市岩溶地下水水化学演化机制:水化学和锶同位素证据

岩溶地下水的水化学特征及其水岩作用过程研究对岩溶地下水合理开发利用和污染防治具有重要意义.综合利用水化学分析、主要离子比值、锶含量和87Sr/86Sr比值分析和反向水文地球化学模拟,深入分析了贵阳市地下水和地表水不同季节的水化学特征变化和水文地球化学演化过程.水化学特征分析表明,贵阳市地下水以HCO₃·SO₄-Ca型和HCO₃-Ca·Mg型为主,水化学组成在季节和空间分布上存在一定的规律性变化,地表水与地下水的直接混合对地下水化学组成有一定的影响.锶同位素比值和水文地球化学反向模拟表明,地下水水化学组分主要受岩石风化作用的控制,以方解石和白云石为主的碳酸盐的溶解－沉淀作用以及硫酸盐和岩盐的溶解是控制研究区地下水水化学特征的重要过程,并受上覆孔隙含水层硅酸盐矿物水解的影响.      

Sustainable Irrigation with Brackish Groundwater in Heilonggang Region, China

ＢＡＣＫＧＲＯＵＮＤＡＮＤＳＩＧＮＩＦＩＣＡＮＣＥＯＦＳＡＬＩＮＥＷＡＴＥＲＵＴＩＬＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＨｅｉｌｏｎｇｇａｎｇｒｅｇｉｏｎ,ａｓｅｍｉ－ａｒｉｄａｒｅａｗｉｔｈ５００－６００ｍｍａｎｎｕａｌｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎ,ｌｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＥａ...     

GMS模型的水文水质模拟应用研究

GMS模型是应用广泛的地下水水文模拟系统。以昆山市某古镇为研究区域,采用GMS模型对其水文水质进行模拟研究。通过用概化方法建立水文地质概念模型和数学模型,用反演迭代方法矫正模型的主要参数等过程,分别用MODFLOW和MT3DMS模块模拟和预测了研究区水文水质状况和污染物迁移趋势。数据对比结果显示,模拟值与检测值基本一致,表明校正后的GMS模型能较好再现地下水流系统特征,并能应用于流域污染物扩散过程的模拟和预测中,对地下水污染物的迁移趋势进行分析,以便及时采取有效措施控制污染源。     

华北型煤田岩溶水水文地球化学研究进展

文章总结了水文地球化学在分析浅层煤田岩溶水化学特征、建立判别矿坑突水水化学模式、研究矿坑水形成机理以及制定矿区水资源管理和环境保护对策等多方面的应用效果。根据煤田深部开采"三高一扰动"的复杂环境的采矿条件,深部水文地球化学环境表现出岩溶水三维水流系统发育、地下水储量大、水头高、补给广、径流长、水源温度高的特点,建议应用水文地球化学理论、方法研究深循环岩溶水的运动规律、深部岩层与富水性关系、煤田深部地下水水化学特征及其形成机制。     

峰峰矿区东部地下水水文地球化学模拟

应用离子比例系数法分析了峰峰矿区东部地下水化学成分特征,结合含水层岩性条件,为水文地球化学模拟中“可能矿物相”的确定提供依据;采用PHREEQC软件对含水层中水-岩作用进行水文地球化学模拟,模拟计算出饱和指数,通过质量平衡模拟计算水-岩作用过程中主要矿物相的转化量。结果表明:方解石和白云石处于饱和状态,在适当的条件下会沉淀,而岩盐、石膏处于未饱和的状态,在适当的条件下将继续溶解。沿地下水流路径,从五矿奥灰水-一矿奥灰水-一矿副井水,地下水系统中白云石、岩盐、石膏溶解,方解石沉淀,且发生了阳离子交换作用。研究矿井水中水-岩相互作用,初步探讨废弃矿井水文地球化学演化机制,对分析矿井水文地球化学演化的影响因素有重要作用。      

新疆地下水水质评价与水文地球化学模拟的最新进展

开展干旱区地下水水质评价和水文地球化学模拟,对地下水水质保护和合理开发利用具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。将新疆分为吐鲁番-哈密盆地、准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地及伊犁河谷四个区域,根据不同区域,用2000年至今所开展的地下水水质评价及水文地球化学模拟工作进行分析和总结,为新疆今后开展地下水水质评价和水文地球化学模拟的方向提供参考。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861