新疆荒漠化监测分析评价--基于RS与GIS的荒漠化监测研究

The land desertification in Xinjiang was monitored and analyzed based on RS and GIS techniques. Satellite data interpretation was adopted to obtain the general situation of Xinjiang‘s land desertification in assistance with the sampling method and on-the-spot investigations. Related monitoring and investigations showed that Xinjiang was facing with severe wide range land desertification, and its desertified area made up 77.08% of the total monitoring area. As for land types,the desertified farmland accounted for 1.92% of the total monitoring area, desertified woodland 4%,desertified grassland 45%, and unused land 49%. Accordingly, as for desertification degrees,non-desertified land occupied 22.92%, weak desertified land 5.69%, medium-degree desertified land 16.58%, severe desertified land 33.19% and super severe desertified land 21.61%. Finally, as for inducing factors, wind-eroded desertification made up 58.23%, water-eroded desertification 8.69%,salinization desertification 6.52% and frozen-melt eroded desertification 3.64%. Xinjiang‘s land desertification tended to get worse and the harnessing mission remained hard.     

The Analysis and Evaluation of Desertification in Xinjiang

利用RS与GIS技术对新疆境内的荒漠化土地进行监测分析,以新疆全境为控制总体,采取卫星数据解译结合现地调查及抽样方法获取全疆荒漠化现状。监测调查表明:新疆是个荒漠化分布极广的地区,荒漠化面积占监测区面积的77.08%。在荒漠化土地类型中,荒漠化耕地占1.92%,荒漠化林地占4%,荒漠化草地占45%,荒漠化未利用地占49%。在荒漠化程度中,非荒漠化土地占22.92%,轻度荒漠化占5.69%,中度荒漠化占16.58%,重度荒漠化占33.19%,极重度荒漠化占21.61%。按荒漠化主导因素:风蚀荒漠化占58.23%,水蚀荒漠化占8.69%,盐渍荒漠化占6.52%,冻融荒漠化占3.64%。     

基于GIS和RS的县级土地利用动态监测系统研究

该文在遥感技术 (RS)、地理信息系统 (GIS)的支持下 ,建立土地利用动态监测系统 ,以便快速、准确、经济地获取土地利用变化信息 ,并对土地利用的时空数据 ,包括空间数据和专题属性数据进行存储、管理、处理、分析和显示 ,为土地管理部门提供先进的管理工具、为区域可持续发展提供决策支持。     

The impact of Dunhuang railway construction on land desertification

The area that the railway will cross is a region with the main physiognomies of desert and Gobi, with a most fragile ecological environment. It is also a region that is highly susceptible to man-made disturbance. The construction of railway will intensify soil erosion along the railway line to a certain degree. The map of soil erosion conditions in the section from Liugou to Dunhuang City in the range of 10 km each side along the line was compiled by using the techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS). Based on analysis of the status of desertification and the influence of the railway construction projects, the changes of the types, intensities and the total amount of the soil erosion caused by the construction were predicted.     

敦煌铁路工程建设的土地荒漠化影响

1 Introduction UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification) defines desertification as land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities (Agenda 21…     

基于MODIS NDVI的新疆土地覆盖类型划分与潜在荒漠化区域探测

采用2002年MODIS 1km的全年NDVI时序数据对新疆及周边地区进行了土地覆盖分类,在分类的过程中重点强调了稀疏植被覆盖区域,这些区域具有潜在荒漠化的趋势。介绍了一种针对不同土地覆盖类型并能重点突出稀疏植被的分类方法,这种方法较好地综合了季节性影响因素和多变的自然条件影响因素。从16天合成的优化过的时序NDVI图像上,通过分析物候变化,可以获得较好的分类结果。将具有潜在荒漠化趋势的区域模型化研究以后,研究结果表明新疆及周边地区40万km2的土地有潜在荒漠化的趋势。由于MODIS NDVI数据覆盖范围较大,并且对植被的生长变化有较高的敏感度,所以它可以被有效地应用于监测大尺度环境变化和荒漠化进程。     

中国南方湿润区“荒漠化”问题讨论

荒漠化是当今世界所面临的严重的环境与社会经济问题,推进荒漠化研究工作对于保护生态环境,促进区域可持续发展具有重要意义。本文在对荒漠化内涵进行系统回顾的基础上,认为除了人为干扰叠加气候性干旱作用导致的荒漠化之外,南方湿润区因水土流失叠加物理性干旱作用导致的极端土地退化也是一种荒漠化,并从物质基础、气候条件、影响因子、形成营力、核心作用和地表过程方面进行比较,最后以南方红层区特殊的"红层荒漠化"为案例,利用实地调查和TM影像的植被覆盖度指标VFC对1992-2013年红层土地退化进行分析。结果显示,在人为反复干扰和其他自然因素作用下地表植被持续退化、群落干旱趋势明显,表土层流失,岩石风化加剧,以致形成类似"荒漠"景观的现象。红层区的退化过程可类比于喀斯特石漠化、红壤山地丘陵退化,但这类极端土地退化现象可否视为"荒漠化",有待于进一步的深入研究。     

Dynamic analysis and evaluation of Xinjiang forest resources: based on RS and GIS

The forest resources in Xinjiang were surveyed and analyzed based on RS and GIS. Satellite data interpretation was adopted to obtain the general situation of Xinjiang forest resources in assistance with the sampling method and on-the-spot investigations. Based on GIS, related data obtained from satellite remote sensing in 1996 and 2001 were studied through contrastive analysis. Moreover, the dynamic variation of Xinjiang forest resources was studied in an all-around way. In the past five years, the areas of the forestland, woodland, sparse woodland, nursery garden and the land usable for forestry in Xinjiang kept growing, moreover, the forest cover rate and the total standing stock volume increased correspondingly, showing that the wooded area and the amount of growing stock in Xinjiang were increasing. The forestland area in Xinjiang went up to 17,837 km2 from 17,331 km2, with an annual average increase of 101 km2. Accordingly, the forest vegetation came to 1.08% from 1.05%, up 0.03 percentage point; the total standing stock volume went up to 289,985,200 m3 from 262,416,000 m3, a total increase of 27,569,200 m3, an annual average increase of 5,514,000 m3 and an annual average net growth rate of 2.00%. The analysis results showed that the forest resources in Xinjiang were increasing on the whole, however, there remained some problems, such as the sparse natural forests, low forest cover rate, imbalanced wood age structure, and mono tree species composition, etc.     

基于遥感和GIS技术的荒漠化动态分析——以宁夏盐池为例

荒漠化是当今全球和中国最为严重的环境与社会经济问题之一,它的危害已深入到自然与社会经济的各个方面。选取荒漠化问题突出的宁夏盐池县作为研究区,通过3期遥感TM影像(1986年、1996年、2000年),运用GIS的分析手段,综合土地利用图、地形图和其他资料形成盐池县3期荒漠化现状图及两阶段动态图。盐池荒漠化土地类型的结构变化表明,荒漠化受非荒漠化类型土地限制,其面积有所减小,但程度在加重。荒漠化发展的原因是自然因素与人为因素共同作用的结果。     

基于遥感与GIS的新疆近18 a来LUCC的生态环境效应分析

 基于遥感与GIS技术,以20世纪80年代末、90年代末、2005年、2008年遥感影像为数据源,获取4期新疆土地利用/覆盖信息,采用生态系统服务价值、生态环境质量指数和土地利用/覆盖转变类型生态贡献率,对研究时段内新疆土地利用/覆盖变化的生态环境效应进行了综合分析与评价。结果表明,1990—2008年间,新疆土地利用/覆盖变化显著,生态系统服务价值整体变化较小,总价值先增后减,水域和草地面积的减少是总价值减少的主要原因,耕地和林地面积的增加补偿了总价值的部分损失;生态环境质量指数从1990年的0.157持续下降到2005年的0.153,2008年上升为0.158,说明新疆生态环境存在恶化和改善两种相反趋势,导致生态环境恶化的主要原因是草地向耕地的转变,未利用地向草地的转变则促进生态环境质量的改善。     

Ecological footprint analysis based on RS and GIS in arid land

Sustainable development has become a primary objective for many countries and regions throughout the world now. The ecological footprint (EF) is a kind of concise method of quantifiably measuring the natural capital consumption and it can reflect the goal of sustainability. In this paper, the concept, the theory and method of ecological footprint are introduced. On this basis, the study brings forward the method of ecological footprint and capacity prediction. The method is employed for the ecological footprint prediction combining consumption model with population model and the technique is adopted for the ecological capacity (EC) prediction uniting the Geographical Cellular Automata (Geo CA) and Geographic Information System (GIS). The above models and methods are employed to calculate EF and EC in 1995 and 2000 and predict them in 2005 in Hexi Corridor. The result shows that EF is continually increasing, and EC ascended in the anterior 5 years and will descend in the posterior 5 years. This suit of method is of the character of accuracy and speediness.     

基于RS和GIS的生态足迹分析

1IntroductionIn recent years the ecological footprint (EF), originally developed by Wackernagel and Rees in the mid-1990s (Wackernagel and Rees W, 1996; 1997), has gained much attention in Ecological Economics. This method tracks natural resources consump…     

土地沙漠化动态监测的遥感与GIS一体化探讨--以龙羊峡库区为例

以龙羊峡库区为试验区,实现遥感与ＧＩＳ一体化,建立了龙羊峡库区地理信息系统,在此基础上,探讨了高寒干旱与半干旱地区土地沙漠化动态监测有关问题。研究结果表明,自１９８７￣１９９６年库区土地沙漠化日趋严重,十年来严重沙漠化土地扩大了１８９ｋｍ＾２,以每年２１ｋｍ＾２的速度扩展,土地沙漠化正过程处于强烈发展态势,库区土地沙漠化普遍发生。     

新疆森林资源动态分析

1 M ethod ofsurvey and analysis1.1 Survey area and dataThe survey area am ounted to 1.647 m illion km 2,covering the w hole territory of X injiang.TheLandsat TM im age data obtained from rem ote sensing in w hole X injiang during the periods1995-1996 and …     

陕北长城沿线地区1986-2000年沙漠化动态变化分析

 以毛乌素沙地的东南缘部分——陕北长城沿线地区为研究区,以1986—2000年沙漠化动态数据为依据,分析了陕北长城沿线20世纪80年代中期到2000年沙地变化情况。结果表明:该地区14 a来沙漠化土地减少735.1 km2,局部处于稳定的逆转过程,沙地逆转以半固定沙地和半流动沙地为主。但耕地、草地和林地沙漠化仍非常严重,而且新增沙漠化土地中极重度沙漠化土地所占比例较大。近14 a来,沙漠化逆转的原因主要是人类采取了一系列积极的治理沙地措施和国家政策导向。但是由于人口的增加,滥垦、滥牧和滥樵的继续存在,及大规模煤矿资源开发和治理保护的不相协调,致使土地仍在发生沙漠化。     

吉林省西部土地沙化动态变化

吉林省西部沙地位于中国温带半湿润与半干旱的过渡地带 ,是生态环境变化的敏感地区。采用多时相、多波段TM影像 ,结合实地考察 ,建立沙区生态环境地理信息系统 ;选取植被退化状态、风蚀强度和土层厚度为沙化程度评价的综合指标 ,在GIS平台支持下对沙区土地沙漠化进行动态评价。结果表明 ,近 2 0年来土地沙漠化基本得到控制 ,局部有所发展。沙漠化形成的主要自然因素是干燥的气候条件和地表丰富的沙源 ;人类不合理的经济活动加速了沙漠化进程。     

吉林省西部土地沙化动态变化

The sandy land of the western part of Jilin Province is located in the ecotone of semi-humid and semi-arid area in the temperate zone of China. The sandy desertification has widely spread in the region because of the vulnerable natural conditions and the unreasonable human activity; as a result of this, the precious land resources and the economic development in the area have been seriously impacted. In this paper, the sandy land ecologic environment geographic information system is established based on the multi-spectral, multi-temporal Landsat TM images and field investigation. The comprehensive indexes of sandy desertification extent assessment which include vegetation degradation, wind erosion extent and soil depth are presented to classify the sandy land in western Jilin into three levels--slight, moderate and severe sandy desertification with the support of GIS platform. The results demonstrate that the sandy desertification has been partly controlled in the past twenty years, except some small sites. However, this doesn‘t necessarily mean that there is nothing for more concern. The two main causes of sandy desertification have not been eliminated yet, one is its natural factor, especially the physical and chemical characters of sandy soil and dry climate; another is the immoderate economic activity of human being that has highly accelerated the sandy desertification process.     

基于RS、GIS的宁夏土地利用动态变化分析

根据1986年、1996年和2000年三期遥感图像，通过遥感和地理信息系统空间分析方法，研究了1996－2000年宁夏回族自治区 的土地利用动态变化情况。结果发现土地利用动态变化中耕地增加、草地减少是宁夏土地利用变化最大的特点，城镇居民建设用地有较快增长但规模不大，其它土地类型变化不大基本处于动态平衡中。进一步分区域的对比研究表明，各区土地利用变化随自然条件不同有不同程度和幅度的变化，并且土地利用变化空间分布的区域差异会产生耕地结构不合理、草地退化和荒漠化等资源环境问题。     

基于文献分析的土地退化评价指标研究

中英文献综合统计,土地退化评价应用频次较高的指标有植被盖度、坡度、经济收入水平、有机质含量和土地利用类型等;土壤侵蚀应用频次较高的有植被因子、坡度、地貌类型、有机质含量和土地利用类型等;沙化有植被覆盖度、沙地占地率、土地利用类型、有机质含量、人口数量等。土地退化、土壤侵蚀和沙化遥感监测指标也集中在植被盖度、坡度、土地利用类型等指标。     

遥感和GIS支持下的龙羊峡库区土地沙漠化动态研究

地处高寒干旱与半干旱自然环境的龙羊峡库区生态环境脆弱,加之不合理的人为经济活动影响加剧了沙漠化正过程,使本区土地沙漠化普遍发生,威胁到水库的生产、发展,严重影响着库区经济持续稳定地发展。通过多时相、多波段TM影像(1987、1996),结合实地考察,以IDRISI、ARC/INFO、ARCVIEW等为核心软件,以P微机为主平台实现遥感与GIS一体化,建立了易操作可运行的龙羊峡库区地理信息系统,在系统支持下对库区土地沙漠化进行动态监测研究。表明土地沙漠化现象日趋严重,严重沙漠化土地面积日益扩大,平均以21 km²·a^-1的速度递增,沙漠化正过程迅速发展。造成沙漠化普遍发展的主导因子是自然因素,但人为因素也不容忽视,不合理的经济活动加剧了沙漠化正过程发展。