法国比利牛斯山Trimouns滑石-绿泥石矿床地质与成因

位于法国比利牛斯山的Trimouns矿床是世界上最大的滑石-绿泥石矿床之一。对该矿床形成的条件及滑石和绿泥石矿石的含量已较清楚。它是由不同类型的岩石通过热液交代蚀变而形成的，主要包括白云岩蚀变为滑石为主的矿石和硅铝质岩石(云母片岩和伟晶岩)蚀变为绿泥石为主的矿石。滑石矿石显示片理化结构(滑石片岩)或压实块状结构(块滑石)。由伟晶岩蚀变而来的绿泥石矿石为呈绿色的球状矿体，而由云母片岩蚀变而来的绿泥石矿石呈块状或片理状、颜色为灰绿色和深灰色。本文对欧洲这个独一无二的滑石和绿泥石矿床的地质特征和成因进行了总结和讨论。流体包裹体研究表明成矿流体为高盐度(20to30％eq．wt％NaCl)、中温(320℃)、压为为2．5kbars。磷钇矿和独居石的U—Ph定年结果表明，成矿年代为112—97Ma，成矿作用可能持续了16Ma以上。     

熊耳山—外方山矿集区中生代Au-Mo成矿系统

熊耳山—外方山矿集区位于秦岭造山带之华北板块南缘,经历了复杂的碰撞造山过程,成矿时间跨度大,成矿强度高,成矿作用多样。复合造山过程和相应的成矿作用已被深入研究,但成矿系统的划分和叠加成矿作用尚需研究。本文将熊耳山—外方山矿集区发育的Au-Mo矿床划分为造山型Mo矿床、斑岩型Mo矿床、岩浆热液脉型Mo矿床、造山型Au矿床和岩浆热液型Au矿床5个类型,对应5种成矿系统：(1)造山型Mo矿床形成于250~227 Ma的同碰撞环境和227~194 Ma的后碰撞环境,为变质热液萃取壳源Mo成矿;(2)斑岩型Mo矿床形成于163~135 Ma的洋陆俯冲环境和135~116 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为岩浆热液携带幔源或壳源Mo成矿;(3)岩浆热液脉型Mo矿床形成于227~194 Ma的后碰撞环境,为岩浆热液携带幔源Mo成矿;(4)造山型Au矿床在三叠纪发生了预富集作用,主要形成于163~135 Ma的洋陆俯冲环境和135~103 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为变质热液萃取壳源Au成矿;(5)岩浆热液型Au矿床仅形成于135~103 Ma的岩石圈减薄环境,为岩浆热液携带壳源Au成矿。矿集区主要存在两种叠加成矿作用,即不同构造背景下多种成矿系统的叠加和同一构造背景下不同成矿系统的叠加。     

安徽铜陵矿集区姚家岭矿床地质特征及深部找矿方向

长江中下游成矿带铜陵矿集区内产出的姚家岭矿床地质特征复杂。由于种种条件制约,矿区地层,矿区构造,岩浆岩期次和控矿因素等重大地质问题仍有待进一步研究。铜陵有色金属集团股份有限公司在矿床详查和勘探工作的基础上,对矿床主要矿体进行坑探和井下钻探验证。本文结合最新的勘探工作,对矿床地质特征进行了系统的研究,查明了矿床的地质特征和主要成矿规律。提出姚家岭矿床具有三位一体和多层楼模式矽卡岩矿床特点,明确了接触带矽卡岩-斑岩型锌铜金矿体和在黄龙、船山组内层控型矿体的找矿方向,为矿区的勘探验证和深边部找矿提供了依据。     

滇东南锡矿带矿床类型及其组合特征

本文从矿床地质特征出发,以矿床的矿石类型为基础,考虑成因,强调矿床的工业意义,将滇东南锡矿带的矿床类型划分为两类、四组合、十四型。锡矿床围绕花岗岩突呈现规律性的空间组合,同时以成矿地质条件的差异、成矿作用的多样性,形成矿床类型的不同组合形式。     

西藏甲马—驱龙矿集区成矿远景

西藏甲马－驱龙矿集区长约124km,宽69km，位于冈底斯陆缘火山－岩浆弧（中－晚侏罗－古近系）的中东部。通过最近的地质调查、矿床勘查和研究，发现冈底斯陆缘火山－岩浆弧带内存在多个矿集区，其中甲马－驱龙矿集区是该弧内一个重要铜多金属矿集区之一。该矿集区的矿床以正在开发的大型甲马铜多金属矿床为代表，还发现了驱龙南、驱龙北、底日玛、松多雄、拉抗俄和象背山等一批非常有潜力的矿床和矿（化）点。它们的矿化类型独特，成因类型多样，是冈底斯陆缘火山－岩浆弧演化过程不同阶段的产物。这些不同类型的矿床集中在一定的区域，已初步显示并成为冈底斯陆缘火山－岩浆弧带内极具成矿潜力、并有一定成矿远景的重要矿集区。相信通过今后进一步工作，该矿集区有望成为中国西部又一个有色金属矿产资源基地。     

Early biodégradation of ligneous organic materials and its relation to ore deposition in the tréves zn-pb ore body (gard, france)

Previous petrographical and geochemical studies on the organic content of mineralized and non-mineralized carbonate series in the Trèves Zn-Pb stratiform deposit led to the conclusion that ore deposition occurred during the diagenetic history of the sediments, in a mixed fresh/hydrothermal system (Gauthier and Disnar, 1984; Gauthier et al., 1985a). These circulations of fluids are probably responsible for the dolomitization of the original limestones and for the deposition of the ore through microbial activity (Gauthier, 1984; Gauthier el al., 1985b).The occurrence of this activity is supported by the formation of two kinds of organic components which are attributable to this uncommon bio-alteration process: alphatic-rich bitumen-like products and aromatic polyethers. The chemical composition of these two types of compounds suggests that they were produced from ligneous debris by (sulfate-reducing?) bacteria.Other indications of the occurrence of a biological activity have been found in the nature and relative abundance of microbial amino compounds. However, these constituents are thought to have been introduced only recently into the sediments whereas other evidence supports the idea that ore deposition occurred before diagenesis.     

Geology and ore genesis of the manganese ore deposits of the Postmasburg manganese-field,South Africa

The Postmasburg Mn/Fe-ores occur exclusively in dolomitic Precambrian sinkhole structures with siliceous breccias and shales as hostrocks. The main manganese minerals are braunite and bixbyite, apart from secondary alteration products of the psilomelane-manganomelane family. Various generations of ore minerals could be identified. The ore mineralization is subdivided into three different genetic types. They are classified either as pure karst deposits or as combined formations of karst origin and shallow marine sedimentation due to the transgression of the Banded Iron Formation (BIF) sea. Post-sedimentary metamorphism is identified as very low grade. The development of the different ore types is illustrated schematically.     

Mercury in itabirite-hosted soft hematite ore in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero of Minas Gerais

Mercury contents in Precambrian banded iron formation-hosted hematite ores are virtually unknown. In an attempt to provide information on the abundance and distribution of Hg in Fe ore, we present analyses for Hg in samples of high-grade soft hematite ore from Gongo Soco, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Bulk samples contain from <  5 to 25  ppb Hg without obvious correlation with major elements. Granulometric fractions of follow-up samples have amounts of Hg from 6 to 48  ppb and display positive linear correlations with total Mn as MnO (r = 0.87), LOI (r = 0.87) and SiO₂ (r = 0.76), as well as a negative linear correlation with total Fe as Fe₂O₃ (r = −  0.87). The correlations suggest that Hg is associated with a hydrated ferruginous groundmass bearing residual Mn, Al and Si, which replaced gangue minerals in itabirite in the process of formation of the Gongo Soco soft hematite ore.     

湖南大义山岩体白沙子岭矿区钨锡矿深部找矿探索

大义山花岗岩体受"大义山式"北西向张扭性断裂构造控制,具多次侵位的特点,与岩体有关的矿产主要为锡多金属矿。本次补勘的白沙子岭锡矿区有云英岩脉型、蚀变岩体型、矽卡岩型等3类锡多金属矿类型。白沙子岭矿段平行排列的矿脉群在平面上整体呈一椭圆形展布,脉群从中间向两侧单脉的长度、厚度、品位逐渐变小,单个脉体从中间向两端厚度、品位逐渐变低。矿脉两端顶底板断层面上见到产状完全相反的擦痕,推断深部存在着一个椭圆形隐伏母岩体,成矿母岩的上部会形成蚀变岩体型矿体。为此本次补勘工作施工了一坑内深钻,上部见到了蚀变岩体型富锡矿体,下部见钨矿,预测深部找矿有较大的找矿前景。     

甚低频在哈尔楚鲁图银-多金属矿隐伏矿体定位预测中的应用

文章以哈尔楚鲁图银-多金属矿为例，阐述了甚低频电磁法在覆盖区控矿构造特征分析与隐伏矿体预测研究中的应用。研究表明，矿区构造矿化带方向以NNW和NWW向为主；NNW和NWW两方向断裂构成菱形网格状控矿构造基本格局，构造复合控矿特征明显，两者交汇地段应是膨大矿体的找矿有利部位。     

铜陵矿集区舒家店矿区中酸性侵入岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究

铜陵舒家店地区中酸性侵入岩发育,主要由舒家店岩体、林家冲岩体及其周围的小岩体构成。区内侵入岩可划分为高钾钙碱性系列和橄榄安粗岩系列。对两个主要岩体的钻孔岩心采样并对其进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb定年工作。研究结果表明,舒家店地区中酸性侵入岩活动存在多期性,花岗闪长斑岩侵入年龄在147.0~146.9Ma,辉石二长闪长岩为144.8 Ma,石英二长闪长岩为141.0 Ma,花岗闪长岩为138.0 Ma,花岗斑岩在130.5~124.0Ma,长英质细晶岩为129.4 Ma,并给出区内中酸性岩浆侵位先后次序为:花岗闪长斑岩→辉石二长闪长岩→石英二长闪长岩→花岗闪长岩→花岗斑岩脉/长英质岩脉。     

Supergene processes and uranium ore formation in the Ronneburg ore field,Germany

The Ordovician-Lower Carboniferous sequence of slightly metamorphosed gray carbonate-terrigenous rocks contains the Silurian black cherty shales enriched in carbon (6–9%), pyrite (6–7%), and uranium (∼30 ppm). The uranium ore is localized at the pinch-out of areal and linear zones of the Early Permian supergene (exogenic) oxidation of rocks expressed in reddening (hematitization). U, As, Sb, Cu, Ni, Mo, and Ag have been removed from the oxidized black shales and concentrated in the cementation zone in form of pitchblende and sulfides in wall-rock disseminations and veinlets largely hosted in carbonate-bearing rocks. In the Late Permian, during deposition of the upper Rotliegende and Zechstein, the fractures in the basement were filled with carbonates and sulfates; uranium was partly redeposited along with enrichment in Pb and Zn. Mesozoic and Cenozoic supergene processes altered uranium ore insignificantly.     

蒙古东部道尔脑德矿集区成矿作用及找矿标志

蒙古国东部省道尔脑德地区于侏罗纪—早白垩世火山活动频繁,形成道尔脑德火山机构,发育基性-酸性双峰式火山熔岩及火山碎屑岩,夹有陆源碎屑岩.同期该区域由挤压到伸展的构造体制转变,构造-岩浆热作用强烈,发生大规模成矿作用,形成与火山热液有关的铀-贱金属-金-萤石矿床成矿系列.文章在分析不同矿床成因类型、成矿时代及成矿温度基础...     

呷村-有热矿区含矿带精细结构对比及其找矿意义

四川省白玉县呷村银多金属矿床是我国著名的VMS矿床之一,具有容矿火山岩系+硫化物矿体+喷气岩的“三位一体”特征,以及下部筒状或漏斗状网脉状矿（西矿带）和上部层状块状矿（东矿带）的“双层结构”样式。其南部有热矿区找矿虽有进展,但突破不大。为确定有热矿区的找矿方向,本文对呷村矿床和有热矿区含矿带进行了精细结构对比,认为有热北部19-31线由块状硅化流纹质火山岩+条纹条带状流纹质凝灰岩+千枚状绢云母凝灰岩组成火山喷发单元,以强烈的硅化为特征,发育大量的脉状-网脉状构造,与呷村西矿带完全可以对比;而有热南部39-55线则由块状“黄矿”矿石与流纹质火山碎屑岩组成喷气一火山单元,但缺乏重晶石、硅质岩等喷气沉积岩;以“黄矿”为主,仅形成铅锌贫矿体,与呷村矿床东矿带富含重晶石、以“黑矿”为主,形成银铜铅锌富矿体的特征有较大区别。同时,有热块状矿体上部还存在厚达70-130m的流纹质火山岩和脉状-网脉状矿体,据此认为有热矿带总体上可与呷村西矿带对比,代表热液喷流成矿系统的热水补给通道相,其中的块状（黄矿）矿体具微“双层”结构特征,有可能为早期热流成矿系统的另一个独立的“微”VMS矿床。由此判断有热矿区东部流纹质火山岩与碳质板岩的转换界面处深部存在类似呷村东矿带的以“黑矿”块状矿体+重晶石组合为代表的隐伏矿体,从而共同组成一个“下黄上黑”共两层块状矿体的“堆垛式”结构型式。寻找以“黑矿”-重晶石组合为代表的隐伏银铜铅锌块状矿体是有热矿区今后取得找矿重大突破的关键所在。     

对黔西北猫猫厂-榨子厂铅锌矿区地质特征及找矿方向的几点不同认识

阐述了前人对黔西北猫猫厂-榨子厂铅-锌矿床的控矿构造、矿体产出特征及深部找矿前景的地质认识。通过对该铅-锌矿区的F2断层的走向延伸及规模、榨子厂的采矿情况、猫猫厂Ⅰ号矿体和Ⅱ号矿体的产状等问题的重新认识和研究与分析,结果认为,矿区NE与NW向断裂构造是两个独立的控矿系统;猫猫厂浅部铅-锌矿体产于F1断层下盘,F1断层应为导矿构造,而非容矿构造;与滇东北矿山厂、麒麟厂铅-锌矿的对比而具有共性,但个性更明显;对猫猫厂—榨子厂矿区的找矿前景不应盲目乐观,但也不应放弃深部探索。     

Petrophysical zoning of the Natalka ore field

The petrophysical properties of 1168 rock and ore samples collected across the sections of the Natalka ore field have been determined. 235 of them were prepared as thin and polished sections and studied by geological-mineralogical methods. The general two-level petrophysical zoning of the ore field was established and substantiated. Its relations with ore areas, the interzonal space, altered wall rocks, and the mineral composition were determined. Both levels of the revealed petrophysical zoning are traced in the ore field over 4 km along the strike and 800 m down the dip. The subvertical conductivity zone (confined to the Omchak ore cluster) has spatial-genetic relations with the petrophysical changes, which reflect the established mineralogical composition and structure of the metasomatites and ores.     

An overview of the geology and major ore deposits of Central Africa: Explanatory note for the 1:4,000,000 map “Geology and major ore deposits of Central Africa”

This paper is prepared within the frameworks of IGCP Project 470 and the associated BRGM scientific project “Africa 1999–2004” to accompany the 1:4,000,000 scale map “Geology and major ore deposits of Central Africa, presented at the 20th Colloquium of African Geology in Orleans in June 2004. It incorporates geological and metallogenic data from eight countries in Central Africa (Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Congo Brazzaville, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Equatorial Guinea and Zambia). The map is a harmonised and geo-referenced preliminary map, based on a GIS at 1:2,000,000 scale, and focusses on the spatial and temporal distribution of selected major deposits.