燕辽地区中生代火山岩岩石地球化学特征及成因

本文从Sr-Nd—Pb、U—Pb同位素及岩石化学、稀土元素地球化学方面讨论了燕辽地区中生代火山岩的年代学特点、成因及形成的构造环境。研究表明，本区中生代火山岩的形成时代主要为中侏罗世、晚侏罗世、早白垩世和晚白垩世4期；本区火山岩浆可划分为钙碱性岩浆系列和亚碱性岩浆系列，火山岩浆源于富集型地幔；构造环境属大陆裂陷盆地。     

上乱泥塘地区化探异常特征

1∶5万区域化探成果显示,上乱泥塘地区出现规模较大的以金异常为主的化探综合异常,异常面积大,强度高,元素组合复杂,异常区主要地层为老岭群大栗子组。经1∶2万土壤测量,在该区共圈出综合异常25处,多以金异常为主,其中Ht-20号异常与已知金铁矿体完全吻合,说明了化探方法在该区寻找金铁矿体的有效性,也反映出该区的找矿潜力。     

乌兰花地区下白垩统、上新统岩石地球化学特征及其古气候演变

在1：50万铀资源评价的基础上，本运用岩石地球化学方法，分析了内蒙古四子王旗乌兰花地区下白垩统和上新统岩石形成的古环境和古气候条件，结果显示，早白垩世该区为温湿-半干旱气候，晚新世为干旱-半干旱气候，其地球化学指标(常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素、有机质等)具有规律性的变化。     

Geochronological and isotope geochemical characteristics of mafic intrusions of the Norilsk region

Doklady Earth Sciences -     

胶北地块变质基底超镁铁岩的矿物岩石地球化学特征

胶北地块变质基底的蛇纹岩、蛇纹岩化尖晶石方辉橄榄岩、尖晶石橄榄斜方辉石岩、角闪石岩自形成以后,经历了早期的高角闪岩相和晚期绿片岩相的变质作用,因而记录了三个阶段的矿物组合:早期的Opx1+Ol1+Spl1;中期的Opx2+Ol2+Spl2+Amp2和晚期的Amp3+Srp3+Mag3+Cal组合。超镁铁岩中普遍存在的角闪石,具有粒状变晶结构特征,形成于角闪岩相和绿片岩相的变质作用过程。蛇纹石没有受到应力作用的迹象,显示其形成于晚期非挤压环境的交代变质作用过程。尖晶石橄榄岩中斜方辉石的矿物化学以及尖晶石橄榄岩的高Mg O含量都表现出克拉通橄榄岩的性质。角闪石岩的稀土元素配分图解的(La/Sm)N的比值1.11~1.41,(La/Yb)N的比值0.91~1.61,超镁铁岩多元素图解显示无高场强元素异常,都表明胶北地块变质基底的超镁铁岩形成的构造背景或是裂谷环境。尖晶石矿物的Mg#0.72~0.79、Cr#0.06~0.12表明交代变质成因。方辉橄榄岩橄榄石的Fo值88.42~90.50、超镁铁质岩石全岩主元素的分散性、较大的∑REE含量变化以及Si/Al-(Mg+Fe)/Al和Mg/Ti-Fe/Ti主元素的比值图解所表现出的超镁铁岩与角闪石岩具有成因联系等,都表明胶北变质基底的超镁铁岩可能是具有堆晶成因的一套幔源岩浆系列。高MgO含量(16%~42%)表现出前寒武纪变质基底的橄榄岩地幔性质;高水含量反映出漫长地质历史时期变质作用过程。     

坦桑尼亚姆贝亚Sangambi地区土壤地球化学特征

坦桑尼亚的Sangambi地区位于姆贝亚的东北部、卢帕金矿田的东部。通过1∶10 000土壤地球化学测量,圈定了6个Au,Cu,Cr,Ni元素的组合异常,其中ZH-1和ZH-6组合异常与金、铜的矿化关系密切,而ZH-3和ZH-4组合异常与铬、镍(铜)矿化有一定关系。在片麻状花岗岩、细晶闪长岩和花岗闪长岩中发育大量NW向的韧性剪切带和断裂构造,其中的石英脉中经常见有黄铁矿、黄铜矿和金的矿化,刻槽取样最高品位w(Au)=11.5×10-6。土壤测量的结果证实,在卢帕金矿田的东部依然存在金成矿的潜力。     

南岭龙源坝复式岩体的地球化学特征研究

龙源坝复式岩体是南岭花岗岩带的重要组成部分,曾被作为其东侧燕山期陂头岩体的组成部分。最新研究表明,岩体的主体形成于印支期,在时代和成因上明显不同于陂头岩体。该印支期花岗岩与燕山期花岗岩和燕山期正长岩在主要氧化物成分上存在显著差别,暗示它们可能不存在结晶分异的演化关系。在微量元素特征上,印支期花岗岩稀土元素总量较高,富集轻稀土元素;燕山期花岗岩的稀土元素含量低,亏损中稀土,Th/U、Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf比值小,分馏明显,暗示岩浆作用过程中流体作用比较强烈;燕山期正长岩以富集高场强元素和稀土元素为特征,类似于A型花岗岩。锶、钕同位素地球化学特征表明,龙源坝复式岩体属于壳源S型花岗岩,起源于早元古代壳-幔分异产生的地壳。     

Sedimentary and Geochemical Characteristics of Sinian Cap Carbonates in the Upper Yangtze Region

A global-scale glaciation occurred at about 600 Ma ago. As a result, the Earth became the “Snowball Earth“. The glaciation came to the end abruptly when atmospheric carbon dioxide increased to such an extent as to be about 350 times the modem level because of subaerial volcanic degassing. The rapid termination of glaciation would have led to warming of the Snowball Earth and extreme greenhouse conditions would have been created. The transfer of atmospheric carbon dioxide to oceans would give rise to the rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate in warm surface seawaters, thus forming the cap carbonate rocks as observed worldwide today. Regionally persisting, thin layers of carbonate rocks directly and ubiquitously overlie Proterozoic glacial deposits almost on every continent, and are commonly referred to as cap carbonates. Their unusual litho- fabrics, stratigraphically abrupt basal and upper-level contacts and strongly negative carbonate isotopic signatures ( δ ^13Cearb. values range from -7.0‰ —0‰) suggest a chemical oceanographic origin, the details of which remain unknown. It is proposed that these enigmatic deposits are related to the destabilization of gaseous hydrate in terrestrial permafrost following rapid postglacial warming and flooding of widely exposed continental shelves and internal basins. The authors carried out studies on the geochemistry, sedimentology and palacontology of the Sinian cap carbonates in Guizhou and Hunan provinces, including the occurrence of cap carbonates of unusual fabrics, strongly negative carbon isotopic signatures, and a lot of bitumen nodules.From the results it is suggested that the cap carbonates were formed from solid methane seepage, and it is in agreement with Kennedy‘‘ s viewpoint (2001) that the cap carbonates resulted from the rapid precipitation of calcium carbonate in response to solid methane seepage.     

南岭地区与东南沿海地区中生代花岗岩放射性地球化学特征及岩石圈热结构对比研究

华南地区广泛发育中生代花岗岩,主要出露于南岭地区和东南沿海地区。受大地构造作用影响,自西向东,莫霍面深度逐渐变薄,深部温度逐渐升高,软流圈顶部上升,花岗岩形成时代也随之逐渐年轻化。南岭和东南沿海地区的地表和钻孔花岗岩放射性生热元素含量测试结果表明,南岭地区放射性生热率平均值为5.18μW/m~3,东南沿海地区为3.01μW/m~3,最高生热率为南岭佛冈岩体7.56μW/m~3;热贡献率主要来自Th和U的放射性衰变热,K的热贡献率一般不超过10%。通过本文研究结果,结合前人地质学、地球物理学和地热学研究成果,发现南岭地区和东南沿海地区地壳热流对地表热流值的贡献率分别为60%~65%和40%~45%,指示两者分别为"热壳冷幔"和"冷壳热幔"型岩石圈热结构。     

Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of coal ash from the Northwest Thrace region,Turkey: a case study

The first combined mineralogical and geochemical investigation of coal ashes from the Northwest Thrace Coal Basin, Turkey, was performed as a case study. The coal ash samples were obtained at 525 °C (group I), 750 °C (group II), and 1000 °C (group III) ashing temperatures from coal samples from the basin and were studied in terms of their mineralogical and geochemical composition using XRD and ICP-MS methods. The determination of the mineralogical composition was done for all of the groups; the geochemical analysis was carried out only for group II. In accordance with the high SiO₂, Fe₂O₃, CaO, and SO₃ content of the ash, quartz (SiO₂), hematite (Fe₂O₃), and anhydrite (CaSO₄) are the major crystalline phases for all of the ash groups. The other minerals are muscovite, thenardite, tridymite, calcite, wollastonite, anorthite, cristobalite, gibbsite, ternesite, mullite, nahcolite, and nacrite. High-temperature phases such as mullite, wollastonite, and anorthite were observed at 750 and 1000 °C. According to the (Fe₂O₃ + CaO + MgO+ K₂O+ Na₂O)/(SiO₂ + Al₂O₃+ TiO₂) ratios varying from 0.19 to 5.65, the ashes are highly prone to slagging. Compared to average values of low-rank coal ashes, the contents of V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cs, W, and U of the ash are higher, whereas the total content of rare earth elements (REEs) (Σ 163.7 ppm) are lower. Based on upper continental crust normalization, As, Se, Th, and U are enriched in all of the samples. The higher trace element contents in the ashes might be considered as a possible health hazard. The correlation analyses indicated that Ca is associated with anhydrite and As with hematite. The correlation analyses also showed that newly formed Al and Ca silicates may contain the elements such as Ti, K, Na, Cr, Sn, and Pb.     

北羌塘盆地中侏罗统夏里组蒸发岩锶同位素地球化学特征及物质来源

北羌塘盆地位于青藏高原的中部,属东特提斯构造域,是一个具有成盐远景的蒸发岩盆地.前人对盆地的研究多局限于层序地层、构造运动、油气成藏等,对于盆地内蒸发岩的研究,特别是其成矿流体来源的研究报道较少.文章通过对北羌塘盆地龙尾湖QY-1钻孔中硬石膏岩层锶同位素进行测定,首次对盆地中侏罗统夏里组蒸发岩成矿流体的来源进行探讨.结果表明,笔者所分析的样品的锶同位素比值变化范围为0.707475～0.709048,均值0.708331,与同时期全球海水锶同位素比值(0.706860～0.707081)相比略高,表明成矿流体来源主要是海水.结合前人对羌塘盆地构造运动与盆地演化的认识,认为陆源锶的输入造成了本区的锶同位素比值高于同期海水.此外,钻孔中的同位素组成与前人公布的全球中侏罗世(164～160.2 Ma)海水锶同位素曲线具有较好的对比性,中晚侏罗世羌塘盆地海侵海退作用的强弱是控制盆地夏里组锶同位素演化的主要因素.     

滇东北码口地区峨眉山玄武岩岩石地球化学特征

通过对滇东北码口地区峨眉山玄武岩的矿物学和岩石地球化学特征研究,对其成因以及母岩浆起源做出了合理的解释。该玄武岩SiO2的含量为48.88%～52.80%,为基性熔岩。在TAS图解中大部分样品点落入碱性玄武岩中,小部分为亚碱性玄武岩。其镁指数I(Mg~#)平均值为0.45%,比原始岩浆的0.67%～0.70%低,表明原始岩浆经历了一定分异;相对富集轻稀土而亏损重稀土(LREE/HREE=6.69～8.07),轻重稀土发生了轻微分异作用,可见轻微的负铕异常(δEu=0.72～0.93);在蛛网图中可见K、P和Sr等元素不同程度上的亏损,Ti/Y比值(Ti/Y含量为490.06～627.77)该玄武岩属于高钛玄武岩。研究表明,码口地区玄武岩为下地幔石榴石地幔橄榄岩部分熔融产物,形成于板块拉张环境,与地幔活动有关,在成岩过程中遭受地壳物质混染,并且发生了橄榄石、斜长石和单斜辉石的分离结晶作用。     

胶北南山口古元古代高压基性麻粒岩和钙硅酸盐岩的岩石地球化学特征探讨

胶北莱西古元古代的高压基性麻粒岩和钙硅酸盐岩的基本矿物组合分别为以铁铝榴石为主的石榴石-普通辉石-铁紫苏辉石和钙铝榴石-黝帘石-葡萄石-钠长石.矿物岩石学研究表明钙硅酸盐岩是由含石榴石高压基性麻粒岩经退变质和钙质交代作用形成.南山口高压基性麻粒岩记录了麻粒岩相变质作用前、麻粒岩相变质作用、退变质和钙硅酸盐岩化共同作用以及完全钙硅酸盐岩化的四个阶段的地质作用,其矿物组合分别为Cpx+ Pl+ Qtz(M1),Grt+ Cpx+ Rt+ Qtz(M2),Cpx+Pl+ Opx+ Ilm+ Mgt+ Ep(M3)和Grs+ Zo+ Prh+ Ab+ Cal(M4).微量元素研究表明,高压基性麻粒岩中大离子亲石元素Ba、Rb、K、Rb、Th富集,而高场强元素Nb、Zr、Ti、Y亏损,具有轻稀土富集的右倾型稀土配分曲线.稀土元素和微量元素配分图解显示了岛孤拉斑玄武岩的特征.主元素、微量元素的构造判别图解进一步分析表明高压基性麻粒岩及其钙硅酸盐岩的原岩形成于大陆边缘的岛弧环境.综合高压基性麻粒岩岩石学、元素地球化学特征认为,莱西高压基性麻粒岩的原岩是拉斑玄武岩质岩石,可能是形成于孤后扩张背景下基性的侵入岩或喷出岩.岩石形成以后,在胶-辽-吉带碰撞闭合过程中,经历了麻粒岩相变质作用,又在后来的抬升过程中经历退变质和钙硅酸盐岩化作用.     

Petrological, organic geochemical and geochemical characteristics of coal from the Soko mine, Serbia

A petrological, organic geochemical and geochemical study was performed on coal samples from the Soko Mine, Soko Banja basin, Serbia. Ten coal and two carbonaceous clay samples were collected from fresh, working faces in the underground brown coal mine from different parts of the main coal seam. The Lower Miocene, low-rank coal of the Soko Mine is a typical humic coal with huminite concentrations of up to 76.2 vol.%, liptinite less than 14 vol.% and inertinite less than 11 vol.%. Ulminite is the most abundant maceral with variable amounts of densinite and clay minerals. Sporinite and resinite are the most common macerals of the liptinite group. Inertodetrinite is the most abundant maceral of the inertinite group. The mineral-bituminous groundmass identified in some coal samples, and carbonaceous marly clay, indicate sub-aquatic origin and strong bacterial decomposition. The mean random huminite reflectance (ulminite B) for the main coal seam is 0.40 ± 0.05% Rr, which is typical for an immature to early mature stage of organic matter.The extract yields from the coal of the Soko Banja basin ranges from 9413 to 14,096 ppm, in which alkanes constituted 1.0–20.1%, aromatics 1.3–14.7%, asphaltenes 28.1–76.2% and resins 20.2–43.5%. The saturated hydrocarbon fractions included n-C₁₅ to n-C₃₂, with an odd carbon number that predominate in almost all the samples. The contents of n-C₂₇ and n-C₂₉ alkanes are extremely high in some samples, as a contribution of epicuticular waxes from higher plants. Acyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbons are minor constituents in the aliphatic fraction, and the pristane/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio varies between 0.56 and 3.13, which implies anaerobic to oxic conditions during sedimentation. The most abundant diterpanes were abietane, dehydroabietane and 16α(H)-phyllocladane. In samples from the upper part of the coal seam, diterpanes are the dominant constituents of the alkane fraction. Polycyclic alkanes of the triterpane type are important constituents of alkane fractions. The occurrence of ββ- and αβ-type hopanes from C₂₇ to C₃₁, but without C₂₈, is typical for the Soko Banja coals.The major and trace elements in the coal were analysed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). In comparison with world lignites, using the geometric mean value, the coal from the Soko Banja Basin has a high content of strontium (306.953 mg/kg). Higher values than the world lignites were obtained for Mo (3.614 mg/kg), Ni (8.119 mg/kg), Se (0.884 mg/kg), U (2.642 mg/kg) and W (0.148 mg/kg). Correlation analysis shows inorganic affinity for almost all the major and trace elements, except for S, which has an organic affinity.     

冀西麻棚花岗岩类侵入岩体岩石地球化学特征

以冀西石湖金矿麻棚岩体为研究对象,分别对斑状花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及石英闪长岩的岩石化学成分、微量元素及稀土元素进行了系统测定.岩体的SiO2平均含量为67.77%,略低于同处一个构造岩浆岩带的NE端紫荆关王安镇石英正长岩体(68.78%).麻棚岩体稀土元素总量较高,介于136.41×10-6～167.45×10-6之间,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾斜型.LREE/HREE比值介于12.50～18.75之间,平均16.07,属轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损型.综合麻棚岩体岩石学、微量元素及稀土元素特征研究认为,麻棚岩体的成因类型为Ⅰ型花岗岩.     

北淮阳地区与斑岩型钼矿床相关岩浆岩的地质地球化学特征及成因

位于秦岭-大别造山带东段的北淮阳地区分布有众多的斑岩型钼矿床,其成矿与岩浆作用紧密相关。对该区与斑岩型钼矿床密切相关的岩浆岩进行了系统的岩石化学、微量元素和同位素地球化学研究,深入探讨了其成因。研究认为,成矿岩体规模较小,岩性为花岗(斑)岩类,受北东向与北西向区域性断裂的次级构造控制。岩石化学成分以高硅、高钾、富碱为特征,为高钾钙碱性钾玄岩系列、准铝过铝质岩石。岩石微量、稀土元素特征相似并显示壳源特征。岩石Sr Nd Pb Hf同位素地球化学特征显示这些花岗质岩浆与整个大别地区白垩纪花岗岩的成岩物质来源一致,源于新元古界北大别片麻岩和扬子克拉通北缘TTG型岩浆,并混入一些古元古代扬子克拉通古老地壳物质(如崆岭杂岩)。在白垩纪发生的下地壳拆沉、软流圈上涌及大规模地壳伸展等机制下,扬子克拉通北缘的地壳熔融并提供了主要的成岩物质,幔源岩浆的上涌可能提供了热源,其物质的加入是次要的。该区与斑岩型钼矿床相关岩浆岩与东秦岭地区类似,属深源浅成型花岗岩类。     

塔里木盆地夏河南层状玄武岩的岩石地球化学特征及地质意义

塔里木盆地夏河南玄武岩露头以水平层状分布为最大特征,其玄武岩层和沉积夹层保持了较原始的产状,是研究塔里木盆地二叠纪多期次玄武质岩浆活动的理想场所,是对比盆地内其他玄武质岩浆活动的最佳剖面。本文通过详细的野外和遥感解译工作,报道了夏河南玄武岩的野外产状、岩相学特征和各层玄武岩的地球化学特征,探讨了夏河南玄武岩的岩浆源区和岩浆演化过程。研究认为夏河南玄武岩质岩浆来源于富集的岩石圈地幔,为尖晶石-石榴石二辉橄榄岩经历低程度部分熔融的产物,各层玄武岩的成分差异与部分熔融程度有关,单一层内玄武岩的岩浆演化以分离结晶为主,地壳混染程度较小。夏河南各层玄武岩来源于同一岩浆源区,其特征与柯坪玄武岩相似,可对应于柯坪地区开派兹雷克组的6层玄武岩。研究进一步明确了塔里木盆地早二叠世玄武岩的空间分布特征,证实塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省的玄武质岩浆作用可从柯坪地区延伸到夏河南、塔中、塔西南等地。     

华北克拉通东部含金刚石金伯利岩的侵位年龄和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素地球化学特征

本文首次报道了我国华北克拉通内部金伯利岩中金云母巨晶的Ar-Ar同位素年龄和含金刚石金伯利岩的Hf同位素组成特征,并结合金伯利岩的Sr-Nd同位素组成特征对华北金伯利岩的岩石成因及其构造背景进行了探讨.金伯利岩中金云母巨晶的年代学分析显示华北克拉通内部的蒙阴和复县金伯利岩具有一致的侵位年龄,约465±2 Ma.这与以前发表的金伯利岩中钙钛矿的U-Pb年龄和金云母的Rb-Sr等时线年龄一致.Sr-Nd同位素结果表明蒙阴和复县金伯利岩皆具有很小的Nd同位素变化范围（εNd分别为-0.4～0.2和-3.4～-2.3）.然而,这些金伯利岩却具有极大的Sr同位素组成范围（ISr分布为-0.2～28.1和0～75）.其中复县比蒙阴金伯利岩具有较低的Nd同位素和更宽的Sr同位素组成.Hf同位素分析结果表明蒙阴和复县两岩区内部各金伯利岩岩管具有非常一致的铪同位素组成,类似于Nd同位素组成特征,其中蒙阴金伯利岩的^176Hf/^177Hf初始值为0.282474～0.282416,相应的εHf值为-2.37～-0.30;复县金伯利岩的^176Hf/^177Hf初始值为0.282305～0.282369;相应的εHf值为-6.29～-4.04.这说明蒙阴金伯利岩与复县金伯利岩相比具有较高的Hf同位素组成.结合Sr-Nd同位素组成,暗示蒙阴和复县金伯利岩的Hf同位素组成的不同可能反映金伯利岩岩浆形成时软流圈、岩石圈地幔以及俯冲的洋壳物质参与比例的不同.Sr-Nd-Hf同位素特征说明我国华北古生代金伯利岩的形成同样与华北周边的古大洋岩石圈向华北内部俯冲作用有关.     

吉林省中部地区斑岩型钼矿床区域地球化学特征

本文总结了舒兰市福安堡、舒兰市季德屯、永吉县大黑山、磐石市后倒木等中型规模以上的斑岩型钼矿床的区域地球化学特征.对在吉林省中东部晚三叠世以来花岗岩分布区寻找同类型矿床具有指导意叉.